Unit ii.Marketingand distribution
Lesson 1.MARKETING
Lesson 2.DISTRIBUTION
UNIT III. MAKING THINGS AND SELLING THEM ON-LINE
Lesson 1.MAKING THINGS
Lesson 2.SELLING AND BUYING THINGS ON-LINE
UNIT IV. WAYS OF WORKING AND APPLYING FOR A JOB
Lesson 1. WAYS OF WORKING
Lesson 2. APPLYING FOR A JOB
Приложение.
UNITI.BUSINESSANDBUSINESSLEADERS
Lesson1.BUSINESS
Задание 1. Произнеситеслова, обращаявнимание на произношение ударных гласных:
a. firm , skill, profit, ladder, share, stock, found, sole, hire, raise
b. enterprise, headquarters, freelancer, shareholder, partnership, privatize,wholesale, retail,commerce, magnate,manage, product,
c. employ, rely , encourage, success, liability, establish, efficient, insurance, donate, invest, refer , compete, competitor, proprietor,expand,tycoon, mogul
d. corporation, entrepreneur, manufacturer
Задание 2. Используя словарь, изучите слова(данные ниже) и их производные. Заполните таблицу, подразделяя слова на части речи, например:
| Глагол(v) | Существительное (n) | Прилагательное (adj) | Наречие(adv) |
| employ | employer, employee, employment |
1. employ (v)- employer (n) – employee (n) – employment (n) – unemployment (n)
2. profit (n, v) – profitable (adj) - profitability (n) – profitless (adj)
3. establish (v) – establishment (n)
4. success (n) – succeed (v) – successful (adj) – successive (adj)
5. efficiency (n) – (in)efficient (adj)
6. privatize (v) – private (adj) – privacy (n)
7. encourage (v) - encouragement (n) – courage (n)
8. found (v) –founder (n) – foundation(n)
9. entrepreneur (n) – entrepreneurial (adj) – entrepreneurship (n)
10. lead (v) – leader (n) – leadership (n)
11. skill (n) – skillful (adj) - skillfulness (n)
12. refer (v) – reference (n) – referee (n)
13. rely (v) – reliable (adj) – reliability (n)
14. compete(v) – competitor (n) – competition (n) – competitive (adj)
Припомощисловарясоставьтеаналогичнуютаблицудлядругихслов: invest, expand, manufacture, retail, manage, wholesale, distribute, insure
Задание 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение выделенных слов.
1. literature, politics and commerce; the US Department of Commerce; chambers of Commerce; electronic commerce
2. media, press , shipping , oilmagnate; movie, media, shippingmogul; property , softwaretycoon
3. be a success, a successful entrepreneur, to succeed in business
4. make a profit, a profitable business, the profitability of the company, non-profit establishment
5. refer to special literature, make up references
6. areliable car, the reliability of transport, a reliable partner
7. to encourage exporters, an encouraging action, government encouragement
8. the founder of a company, the foundation of the firm
9. theemployees of the company, unemployed people, growing unemployment
10. incompetition, competing companies, an overseas competitor, at a competitive price
Задание 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.
1. People in charge of big business may be referredto, especially by journalists, as magnates, moguls, tycoons. 2. There is a lot of discussion about whether people like this are born with leadership skills, or whether such skills can be learned. 3. In case of corporation one can speak of: corporate culture, corporate headquarters, corporateimage, corporate ladder, corporatelogo, corporate profits.4. Entrepreneurial is used in a positive way to describe the risk-taking people who do this, and their activities.5.Non-profitorganizations are also called charities, and form the voluntary sector, as they rely heavily on volunteers (unpaid workers). 6.Competition is an activity of trying to sell more and be more successful.
Задание5. Вставьте слова (даны ниже), необходимые по смыслу.
1. A person who takes a risk to create a new product or to develop a better way to operate a business is called … . 2. To be … in business means to be in the right place at the right time. 3. Ford’s first attempt to enter the mass market was well accepted by the public but was not a … success. 4. Many entrepreneurs start their businesses as sole proprietorships or … . 5. The selection and training of … is a continuous process in every large organization. 6. A partnership is a business organization … by two or more people who share ownership and control over business. 7. Partners bring more money to a business, which increases its opportunities to grow and …. 8. Ownership of a corporation is represented by shares of stock, so … are its owners. 9. Stockholders can enter or leave a corporation at will by buying or selling … of stock.
(partnerships, commercial, employees, an entrepreneur, a success, shares, succeed, stockholders, owned, corporation)
Задание 6. Завершите предложения, используя информацию текста.
1. American companies donate around $500 million a year to charities …
2. She organized fund- rising …
3. Voluntary sector employees earn five to ten per cent …
4. Non-profit organizations are not to be confused …
5. Research shows that volunteers give the best service …
a. with loss-making companies!
b. in cash and, increasingly, as goods, services and time.
c. parties for the charity.
d. when they are helping people in their own social class.
e. less than they would in the private sector.
Задание 7. Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие задания:
a. Ответьте на вопросы.
b. Найдите в тексте слова, о значении которых можно догадаться(интернациональные слова).с. Выпишите их и вспомните, какие производные от этих слов(или словосочетания) вы знаете.
1.Business is the activity of producing, buying and selling goods and services. A business company or a firm sells goods or services. A company may be called an enterprise, especially to emphasize its risk-taking nature. An entrepreneur is someone who starts or establishes his own company. Someone who starts a business is its founder. A company is also called a firm or a business. A manufacturer (or manufacturing company) produces goods. The goods it makes are its products. If a manufacturing company expands, it usually increases production. The expansion of a firm means it can produce more goods or sell more of its products. If the company needs to increase its labour force, it tries to recruit new workers to work on the shop floor they might undertake a recruitment programme and they will hire workers who apply for jobs.
2.A company which sells goods in large quantities (in bulk) is called a wholesale distributor (or wholesaler). A company or person buying goods and selling them in small quantities is a retailer. Most local shops are retailers and sell goods in retail. Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are competitors (or rivals). They are in competition and they compete for customers. Competition is an activity of trying to sell more and be more successful.
3.Businesses vary in size, from the self-employed person working alone, to the large multinationals with activities in different countries. Large companies are referred to as big business. A large company, especially in the US, is a corporation. Money-making business activities are described by the adjective ‘commercial’: commercial airline, commercial artist, commercial television, commercial disaster. A large company owned by one person or family is a business empire. Often a business is small and is owned by one man. The owner is called a sole proprietor while the business is a sole proprietorship. Sometimes two or more people own and run a business. This is called a partnership. People who invest money in a business are called investors or backers. All the investors in a limited company have limited liability. An investor in a limited company is a shareholder.
4.In 1970s Britain, there were state-owned companies in many different industries such as car manufacturing and air travel. Some industries had been nationalized and were entirely state-owned, such as coal, electricity and telephone services. In the 1980s, the government believed that nationalized companies were bureaucratic and inefficient, and many of them were privatized and sold to investors. The establishment of free or private enterprises owned by individuals was risky but encouraging people to make money and not rely on the government.
5.The companies with ‘social’ aims such as helping people who are sick or poor, or encouraging artistic societies, are non-profit organizations. They are usually managed by paid professionals, and they put a lot of effort into fund-raising, getting people to donate money to the organization in the form of donations.
Задание 8. Расположите предложения в порядке предъявления информации в тексте.
1. The companies which help the poor are donated.
2. An entrepreneur is someone who starts or establishes his own company.
3. The aim of big business is money-making.
4. National companies were found inefficient and were sold to investors.
5. The other two forms of business are corporation and sole proprietorship.
Задание 9. Подберите определения словам в левой колонке.
| 1. a partnership 2. a corporation 3. self-employed 4. a private enterprise 5. an entrepreneur 6. business 7. commercial 8. the founder 9. retailer 10. wholesaler | a. a person working for himself b. a person 9or a company) selling goods in small quantities c. a company with limited liability d. the organization with no shares e. the one who establishes the company f. a person (or a company) selling goods in big quantities g. a money-making organization h. someone who starts or establishes his company i. the activity of producing, buying or selling goods or services j. a company owned by an individual |
Задание 10.Закончите предложения, используя информацию текста.
1. Nationalizedcompanieswere …
2. Businesses vary in …
3. The establishment of enterprises …
4. State-owned companies were …
5. The one who sets up …
Задание 11. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. Sometimes two or more people own and run a business.They are called partners.
2. Large companies are referred to as big business.
3. People who invest money in a business are called investors or backers.
4. Business is the activity of producing, buying and selling goods and services.
5. The companies with ‘social’ aims are non-profit organizations.
6. The establishment of free or private enterprises owned by individuals is risky.
Задание 12. Составьте рассказ о бизнесе, ответив на вопросы:
1. Whatisbusiness?
2. When do we say that a company is in business?
3. Which types of businesses are there? How do they differ?
4. What’s the difference between commercial and non-profit enterprises?
5. Who do you call an entrepreneur?
6. Who do we call a distributor, a wholesale distributor, a retailer?
7. What’s the difference between retailer and wholesaler?
8. Why must a company be competitive? Who do we call competitors?
Lesson 2.BUSINESSLEADERS(management)
Задание 1. Произнеситеслова, обращаявниманиенапроизношение ударных гласных:
a. pay, train, lead, chief, chair,skill, major, board, rise, care, goal, deal, post, let
b. level, operate, labour, flexible, rigid, humour, insight, schedule
c. appoint, position, promote, negotiate, subordinate, executive, particular, department, decision, provide, create
d. personnel, experience, coherence
Задание 2. Используя словарь, изучите слова(данные ниже)и их производные. Заполните таблицу, подразделяя слова на части речи, например:
| глагол | существительное | прилагательное | наречие |
| promote(v) | promotion (n) promoter (n) | Promotional (adj) |
a. pay (v) – payment (n) – payable (adj)
b. lead (v) – leader (n) – leadership (n)
c. appoint (v) – appointment (n) – appointed (adj)
d. recruit(v) – recruit (n) – recruitment (n) –recruiter (n)
e. negotiate (v) – negotiation(n)
f. execute (v) – execution (n) – executive (adj)
g. particular (adj) – particularly (adv)
Припомощисловарясоставьтеаналогичнуютаблицудлядругихслов:operate, flexible, rigid, deal, experience, decide, provide, skill, create
Задание 3. Переведите словосочетания на русский язык, обращая внимание на значение выделенных слов.
make an appointment, appointedmanager, recruiting agency, leadership skills, terms of payment, enter into negotiations, an executive body, particular problems, the promotion of a person, top position, management styles, personnel department, the leading manufacturer, chief executive officer
Задание 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова и словосочетания.
1. We have a system of total quality management (TQM), including quality circles: groups of employees who met regularly to suggest improvements.
2. Jim, the production manager at an electricity power station in the UK says that they use a system which is called benchmarking to compare their performance to other power stations.
3. They completely redesigned all their processes in management, administration and customer service.
4. They eliminated three levels of managementand installed new computer system.
Задание 5. Вставьте слова(даны ниже), необходимые по смыслу.
1. I’m a freelancegraphic designer, a freelancer. That means I work for myself – I’m…. To use the official term, I’m a sole trader.
2. We have set up our own architecture…. There are no… in the organization apart from us, the partners. A lot of professional people like lawyers, accountants and so on, work in partnerships.
3. I’m the … director and main shareholder of a small electronics company in Scotland called Advanced Corporation Ltd. ‘Ltd’ means limited company. The other shareholders and I have …: we do not have to use our personal property, such as a house or car, to pay the company’s debts.
4. I’m the chief … of a British company called Megaco PLC. ‘PLC’ means public limited company, so anybody can buy and sell … in Megaco on the stock market.
5. I’m CEO of Bigbucks Inc. ‘Inc’ stands for Incorporated. This shows that we are a … , a term used especially in the US for companies with limited liability.
(managing, corporation, shareholders, shares, limited liability, self-employed, executive, partnership)
Задание 6. Прочитайтетекстивыполнитеследующиезадания:
a. Ответьтенавопросы.
b. Найдитевтекстеслова, означениикоторыхможнодогадаться(интернациональные слова).с. Выпишите их и вспомните, какие производные от этих слов (или словосочетания) вы знаете.
A.
1. Thepeoplewhorunacompanyareknownasthemanagement. Successfulbusinesspeople, especiallyheadsoflarge organizations, are business leaders. The management is made up of individual managers. The managers are usually appointed to their posts (or positions) by the board of directors. All the directors together are the Board.
2. If a manager isappointed to a higher position/post in the firm, he is promoted. When someone is promoted he usually receives a pay rise. The selection, training and promoting of employees is a continuous process in every large organization. Most companies center this in a personnel department. In large companies, personnel management also involves recruiting and training administrators and negotiating with labor unions.
3. Non-executive directors are not managers of the company; they are outsiders who have particular knowledge of the industry or particular areas. These people head up their departments (Sales Dep., Research and Development Dep., Finance (Accounting) Dep., Personnel Dep., etc.). An executive is usually a manager at quite a high level. In the US, the top position is are often combined with the position of chief executive officer or CEO. Some companies have a chief operating officer who takes care of the day-to-day running of the company.
B.
1. In large organizations, leaders should spend no more than ten hours a day in their offices. The rest of the time, they should be out with their people, talking to lower-level and getting their feedback on problem areas. They should be making short speeches and handing out awards. They should be travelling widely throughout their organizations.
2. The best leaders are those whose minds are never closed and who are eager to deal with new issues. Leaders should not change their minds too frequently after a major decision has been made, but if they never reconsider, they are beginning to show a degree of rigidity and inflexibility that creates problems for the organization.
3. Executives must discipline their schedules, their post, their telephones, their travel schedules and their meetings. Staying busy and working long hours are not necessarily a measurement of leadership effectiveness.
4. Leaders may run efficient organizations, but they do not really serve the long-term interests of the institution unless they plan, set goals and provide strategic perception.
5. The leader must be willing to teach skills, to share insights and experiences, and to work very closely with people to help them mature and be creative.
6. Leaders should let people know that life is not so important that you can’t sit back occasionally and be amused by what is happening. Humourcan be a great reliever of tension.
7. Reliability is something that leaders must have in order to provide stability and strength to organizations. Leaders must be willing to be flexible but consistency and coherence are important elements of large organizations.
8. Leaders must not only understand the major elements of their businesses but also must keep up with the changes.
9. Leaders should be able to look at themselves objectively and analyze where they have made mistakes and where they have disappointed people.
Задание 7. Расположите предложения в порядке предъявления информации в тексте.
A.1. Managers run the company.
2. Selection and training employees is centred in a personnel department.
3. Individual managers make up the management of the company.
B. a. Aleader should be a good teacher and a communicator.
b. A leader must manage time and use it effectively.
c. A leader must have technical competence.
d. A leader must provide vision.
e. A leader must be visible and approachable.
f. Leader should be introspective.
g. Leaders should be dependable.
h. Leaders should be open-minded.
i. Leaders should have a sense of humour.
Задание8. Подберите определения к словам в левой колонке.
| 1. management 2. board of directors 3. a personnel department. 4. a promoted manager 5. labour union 6. CEO. 7. chief operatingofficer | a. appointed to a higher position/post b. the workers of the same profession c. chief operating officer d. chief executive officer e. the collective name for directors f. those who are in recruiting and training employees g. the people who run a company |
Задание 9. Завершите предложения, используя информацию текста.
1. The managers are usually appointed …
2. All the directors together …
3. When someone is promoted …
4. Some companies have a chief operating officer …
5. Successful business people …
a. he usually receives a pay rise.
b. are the Board .
c. who takes care of the day-to-day running of the company.
d. are business leaders.
e. to their posts (or positions) by the board of directors.
Задание 10. Закончите предложения.
1.Leaders run efficient organizations if …
2.Leaders must be reliable have in order to…
3.If leaders are able to look at themselves objectively they …
4.Leadership effectiveness is not measured by …
5.Leaders should spend much time a day to …
6.If the leaders never reconsider, they are beginning to show …
7.Humour is necessary to …
8.The best leaders never …
9.Leaders must understand the major elements of their businesses and …
Задание 11. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.
1. Board of directors is a collective name for all directors of the company.
2. Top managers usually refer to highest level of management.
3.The work of middle managers and day-to-day managers involves everyday activities.
4. Every manager deals with his particular tasks.
5. Line managers are involved in the same sphere of activity.
6. There aredifferent departments within a company: a Sales department, a Finance department, a Research and Development department, a Personnel department, a Production department and others.
7. Managers are as many as there are departments in the company.
Задание 12. Изучив структурную схему построения компании, опишите ее. Приописаниикомпаниииспользуйтесловаисловосочетания: board of directors, top manager(s), middle manager(s), line manager(s), day-to-day management, department, the work of the manager involves …, the manager deals with …, consist of.