Образцы выполнения упражнений

Образец 1 (к упр. I)

Грамматическая функция окончания – S

1. Shools, colleges and universities in Britain are closed on Saturdays and Sundays.

В школах, колледжах и университетах Британии не занимаются по субботам и воскресеньям.

schools – множественное число от имени существительного a school;

colleges – множественное число от имени существительного a college;

universities – множественное число от имени существительного a university;

Saturdays – множественное число от имени существительного Saturday;

Sundays – множественное число от имени существительного Sunday.

2. Who looks after the older generation?

Кто ухаживает за пожилыми людьми?

looks – 3-е лицо единственного числа от глагола to look в Present Simple.

3. Englishmen became the world’s leading trading nation

Англичане стали ведущей торговой нацией.

слово world’s – окончание притяжательного падежа имени существительного в единственном числе.

4. Many old people live in Old Peoples’ Homes, which may be private or state owned.

Многие пожилые люди живут в частных или государственных Домах для престарелых.

Слово peoples’ – форма притяжательного падежа имени существительного people во множественном числе.

Образец 2 (к упр. II)

Особенности перевода на русский язык английских имен существительных, употребляющихся в функции определения, стоящего перед определяемым словом.

In Britain young people like Youth Clubs, thousands of them for music, games, dancing.

В Британии тысячи молодых людей любят Клубы для Молодых(Молодежные клубы) за возможность послушать музыку, поучаствовать в играх, потанцевать.

There are about 10 million old-age pensioners in Britain.

В Британии около 10 миллионов престарелых пенсионеров. (пенсионеров по возрасту)

Образец 3 (к упр. v)

British inventors and engineers gave the world the first railways steam-ships and many other, things that are now familiar every where.

Британские изобретатели и инженеры подарили миру первые железные дороги, пароходы и многое другое, известное теперь повсюду.

gave – Past Simple Active от нестандартного глагола to give

are – Present Simple Active от нестандартного глагола to be

Контрольное задание № 1

Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием – s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Small groups of Indians lived scattered over the land between the Atlantic and the Pacific.

2. The country is governed in the Queen’s name by the Government.

3. The House of Commons, which plays the major part in lawmaking consists of 635 elected members of Parliament.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. In 1971 there was a reform of the British money system.

2. In everyday speech, the contraction “p” (pronounced [pi:]) is generally used instead of the full world “pence”.

3. Just over 700,000 farm workers provide over half the food needed by some 55.5 million people.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The London Marathon (марафон) is one of the biggest in the world.

2. The air in cities became much cleaner.

3. The more we know the more we forget.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

1. More newspapers are read in Britain than in any other European country.

2. Some of Britain’s top scientists are engaged in space research.

3. There are no letters for you on the table.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 3).

1. The leader of the winning party automatically becomes Prime Minister.

2. British Prime Ministers lived and live at 10 Downing street since 1731.

3. According to the Department of Transport, traffic on all roads will double during the next 30 years.

THE UNITED KINGDOM

1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four main countries which are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are: London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast. The UK is an island state, it is composed of some 5500 islands, large and small.

2. The UK is one of the world’s smaller countries. It is situated off the northwest coast of Europe between the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the North Sea to the east, and is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover¹.

3. One can see two animals on British royal coat of arms. One of them is the lion. The “King of beast” has been used us a symbol of national strength and of the British monarchy for many centuries. The other one is the unicorn². It is a mythical animal that looks a horse with a long straight horn growing from its forehead, and is a symbol of purity.

4. The formal name of the British national flag is Union Jack. It combines the St. George’s cross of England, St. Andrew’s cross of Scotland and St. Patrick’s cross of Ireland. The United Kingdom or UK is a political term. All of four countries are represented in Parliament and the abbreviation UK is used on most official documents.

5. The class system is very important in Britain. It is created by complex system of accents³, school and family. Social position is often based on the traditions or history of the family, not is money. Many people’s class can be identified immediately by the way they speak.

6. Britain is split up into counties. County councils are elected to runthings⁴, such as education, housing, town planning, rubbish disposal⁵.

7.Britain is a constitutional monarchy. But the monarch’s constitutional role is mainly symbolic.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. Дуврский пролив

2. единорог

3. говор

4. управлять делами

5. уборка мусора

VII Прочитайте 5-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Какой из вариантов ответа соответствует по содержанию одному из предложений текста?

What created class system in Britain?

1. The way people speak created the class system.

2. Class system was created by traditions and the way people speak.

3. Complex system of accents, school and family created class system.

Контрольное задание № 1

Вариант 2

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Very often parents treat their children more as equals than they used to.

2. The House of Commons consists of members of Parliament.

3. Numbers make the postman’s work much easier.

WHO ARE THE BRITISH

1. Most people are English, Scottish or Welsh, but in some British cities you can meet people of many different nationalities. But is Britain a cosmopolitan society? It really depends on where you go. In 1991 5,5 per cent of the 57 million population described themselves as belonging to an ethnic minority. Most members of ethnic minorities live in the South – East. In Greater London, they represent 20 per cent of the population.

2. People have been coming to Britain for centuries: some to get a better life, some to escape natural disasters, some as political or religious refugees. Many Irish people came to England in 1845 to escapefamine¹, but usually they came to find work. Most of the roads, railways and canals built in the nineteenth century were made by Irish workers.

3. The greatest wave of immigration was in the 1950’s and 1960’s. This happened not only in Britain but also throughout Western Europe. Many companies needed people for unskilled or semi–skilled jobs. Britain advertised²particularly in the English – speaking islands of the Caribbean, for² people to come to Britain and work. Other people came from Pakistan, Bangladesh, India and Hong Kong.

4. The number of people asking to settle in Britain is rising, but Britain, since 1971, has reduced the number of people (coming from outside Europe) which it allows to stay. Many people in Britain, in spite of anti – racist – laws, blame unemployment and poor housing³ on “immigrants”.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. зд. не умереть с голода

2. зд. приглашать через рекламу

3. зд. плохое жилье

VII. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Why has Britain reduced the number of people coming from outside Europe which it allows to stay?

1)… because of unemployment.

2)… because of unemployment and poor housing.

Контрольное задание № 1

Вариант 3

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

BRITISH HOMES

1. About 80 per cent of British people live in houses built close together. Detached houses are usually in expensive suburbs, quite far from the town centre. Terraced houses and blocks of flats are mostly found in town centers. They can either be very small two-storey houses with one or two bedrooms or large houses with three or five floors and four or five bedrooms.

2. About 67 per cent of people in Britain own their houses or flats. Most of the rest live in rented accommodation. People in Britain buy houses or flats because there is not enough rented accommodation and what there is can be expensive.

3. Council flats¹ and houses are built and owned by the local council. After the Second World War a lot of council flats, known as tower blocks, were constructed. Some were as high as 20 storeys and so badly built that they had to be pulled down only thirty years later.

4. Modern housing estates² are built differently now. There might be a mixture of two-storey terraced houses together with a four-storey block of flats. There are play areas for children and there is often a community centre³ where people who live on the estate can meet.

5. Since 1980’s council tenants have been able⁴ to buy their own homes very cheaply if they have lived in them for over two years. By 1993, 1,5 million council houses had been sold, but only 5000 council houses or flats were built to replace them. This means that it is now very difficult to find cheap housing or rent.

6. Most British houses have a garden and many British people spend a lot of time in it. Most gardens, even small ones, have flowers and a lawn. If you don’t have a garden, it is possible to grow flowers and vegetables on at allotment⁵ which is a piece of land rented from the local council.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. муниципальное жилье

2. микрорайон

3. центр общения

4. зд.- жители могут

5. зд.- участок

VII. Прочитайте 6-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

Where can British people grow flowers if they have no gardens?

Контрольное задание № 1

Вариант 4

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

LONDON

1. London is where the invading Romans first crossed the River Thames. They built a city a square mile in size, surrounded it with a wall and called it Londinium. This original site of London is now called the Cityof London¹ and is Britain’s main financial centre.

2. The City is only a very small part of London. In the eleventh century London began to expand beyond the City walls when King Edwardthe Confessor² built a huge abbey at Westminster. Even today, Westminster Abbey and the Houses of Parliament, as well as the shops, cafes, theatres and cinemas of the West End, are in the City of Westminster and not in the City of London.

3. The saying “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life” (Dr. Johnson) is a cliche, but you can’t be bored³ in London. There are hundreds of historic buildings, galleries and museums. There are parks and street markets, over 80 theatres and even more cinemas.

4. If you want to discover London, it is best to start with a tour on a sightseeing bus. It is also fun to go on a guided walk. The walks last up to three hours.

5. The centre of London has many different areas. Each one has its own special character. Covent Garden⁴ in London West End, is crowded with cafes, clubs and clothes shops. Soho⁴ is also known for its clubs. Knightsbridge⁴ has a lot of exclusive and expensive shops, as well as many of the embassies. Fleet Street⁴ is the home of Law Courts. One part of the West End has so many Chinese shops and restaurants that is called Chinatown.

6. When you go outside the centre you find many areas which used to be small villages. The villages became part of the city when they expanded but they still managed to keep their village character. Hampstead⁴, the best known of the villages, is extremely expensive.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. Сити

2. король Эдвард

3. зд. не заскучаешь

4. названия

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

What is called Chinatown?

Контрольное задание № 1

Вариант 5

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1).

STRATFORD – UPON – AVON

1. No town of comparable size enjoys such universal popularity as Stratford-upon-Avon, the birth-place of William Shakespeare. Year by year the fame of its long established Shakespeare Festival spreads as increasing numbers of visitors from all parts of the world come to enjoy the plays of the greatest dramatist of all time.

2. Originating as a river – crossing settlement, Stratford-upon-Avon has served as the market centre of the surrounding countryside since the grant of its market in 1196. Since 1553 Stratford has remained a self- governing borough and today has a basic population of some fifteen thousand people.

3. Stratford is a town with a character and atmosphere of its own. Apart from the beauty of its river, its streets and buildings preserve many links with its interesting past. Most famous are the properties and gardens associated with Shakespeare and his family.

4. The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre is the centre of the Shakespeare Festival. The brick-built theatre was erected in 1932 to replace an earlier theatre destroyed by fire. It is without doubt one of the best equipped theatres and its Shakespearean productions attract an international audience.

5. The House where Shakespeare was born in 1564 and spent his early years is a half-timbered building. It is visited by pilgrims from all over the world. The interior of Shakespeare’s Birthplace contains many features of unusual interest. The poet’s birthroom on the first floor is a fascinating room with a low, uneven ceiling and is furnished after the pattern of a middle-class home such as the Shakespeare family occupied. It is the famous window on which are recorded the signatures of distinguished people who visited the house.

VII. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What is Shakespeare’s house?

1. It is middle-class home.

2. It is a half-timbered building.

3. It is a house with low, uneven ceiling.

Контрольное задание 2

Образец 1 (к упр. I)

1. Many have been the victims of racial discrimination.

Многие являются жертвами расовой дискриминации.

have been - Present Perfect Active от глагола to be.

2. All the factories, mills, workshops and docks are concentrated in the East End.

Все фабрики, заводы, мастерские и доки сосредоточены в Ист Энде.

are concentrated – Present Simple Passive от глагола to concentrate

Образец 2 (к упр. Ii)

1. Buckingham Palace was built in 1703 for Duke of Buckingham.

Букингемский дворец был построен для герцога Букингема в 1703 году.

built – Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Past Simple Passive от глагола to build.

2. The statue of Nelson itself, placed towards the sea, measures 17 feet (more than 5m) in height.

Размер самой статуи Нельсона, установленной лицом к морю, составляет 17 футов (более 5 м) высотой.

placed – Participle II – определение.

3. When visiting the English Court in about the 14-th century, the royalty and nobility of Scotland stayed at the place now called “Scotland Yard”.

Примерно в 14 веке при посещении английского двора шотландские короли и знать останавливались в месте ныне известном как «Скотланд Ярд».

(when) visiting – Participle I, обстоятельство

called – Participle II – определение

Контрольное задание 2

Вариант 1

I.Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).

a) 1. Britain in the 1980s and early 1990s, had a large road building programme.

2. It is not surprising that the car is becoming increasingly popular.

б) 1. Trams were first used in London in 1861, but they were all replaced

by bus after 1945.

2. Britain, because it is an island, has always been forced to have good trading relations with other countries.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).

1. Being the busiest stretches of water in the world, the English Channel is the busiest passenger terminal in Europe.

2. Nearly all English kings and queens have been crowned in Westminster Abbey.

3. The Houses of Parliament constitute perhaps the most popular and widely spread image of London, known and recognized throughout the whole world.

4. When the great bell was cast in London foundry in 1858, the question of its name was discussed in Parliament.

THE LONDON UNDERGROUND

1. The first underground railway system in the world was in London. It was opened in 1863 and ran 4 miles (6,5 kilometers) from the west of London to the City in the east. The first lines were built close to the surface and used steam trains. They then built deeper tunnels and the electric underground railway was opened in 1890. This system was called the Tube, still the most popular name for the London Underground. Some of the tube stations are so deep that they were used as air-raid shelters during the Second World War, when hundreds of families would spend the night in the stations.

2. One million people commute into central London every day. Sixty percent of these people use the Tube, mainly because the Underground system extends far into the surburbs: the Northern Line, running from north to south, covers 18 miles (28 kilometers); the Piccadilly Line, running from east to west is 47 miles (76 kilometers) long.

3. Buses in London are not as popular as the Tube because they get stuck in traffic. One of the most popular forms of urban transport in Britain used to be the tram. The most environmentally friendly vehicle is a bicycle. London taxis drive round the centre of the city looking for a custom. Taxis are often called «cab».

4. Traditional taxi-drivers or cabbies, are proud of the knowledge of London. They have to know every street in the 113 square miles of central London and spend up to four years learning the best routes. To get their licence, they have to pass a series of tests, known as The Knowledge, until they are absolutely accurate in their answers. Because of this long training period, cabbies are often angry that people can drive minicabs without a licence. Minicabs look like normal cars, do not have meters and cannot pick up people in the street: people have to phone for one.

V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What is the Knowledge?

1. … the long training period.

2. … a licence.

3. … a series of tests.

Контрольное задание 2

Вариант 2

a) 1. Even today Tower Bridge regulates a large part of impressive traffic of the Port of London.

2. Since then the Tower has served as fortress, palace, state prison and royal treasury, now it is a museum.

б) 1.Many great men, including Christopher Wren himself, Nelson and others are buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral.

2. For an Englishman, the best of all reasons for doing something in a certain way is that it has always been done in that way.

1. The first London Underground map was introduced in 1908.

2. English people rarely shake hands except when being introduced to someone for the first time.

3. The working people of Britain have had a long tradition of democracy.

4. The majority of the British population live in small houses built close together.

TRAINS

1. Many people in Britain live in a long way from their work. They often travel by train from the suburbs into the town centre to work. These people are commuters. Some people travel more than 200 miles every day and spend up to two hours going to work and two hours going home.

2. Train tickets may appear to be expensive, but this form of transport is a fast and environmentally friendly alternative to using a car. On some trains, there are study clubs which offer language lessons to commuters on their way to and from work.

3. The organization of the railway system in Britain has changed recently. For many years the railway was run¹ by a public company, British Rail. In 1944, this company was split into two parts: Railtrack, which owns the track and the stations, and several private companies, which operate the trains.

4. Some people are worried about the change. They believe that private companies will only run one or two trains a day to small country villages or that they will close village stations.

5. In 1994, Waterloo International Station was opened. If you travel by train direct from Paris or Brussels to London, you arrive at this station. The station, designed by Nicholas Grimshaw, has won many architectural awards.

6. Train spotters² are fans of trains. You can see train spotters at many train stations. They stand at the end of the platform and spend hours writing down the numbers of the trains. Serious train spotters travel thousands of miles by train trying to collect the number of every train in Britain. Some train spotters prefer the old fashioned steam trains.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. зд. вести дела

2. зд. любители

VI. Прочитайте 6-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

What are train spotters?

1. People supporting the development of railway system in Britain.

2. Train spotters are fans of trains.

3. People preferring the old fashioned steam trains only.

Контрольное задание 2

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций (см. образец выполнения 1).

a) 1. The singing of the Latin hymn has gone on for more than 350 years.

2. Cambridge university is like a federation of colleges.

б) 1. University is seen as a time to be independent.

2. If, for instance, any one leaves a cat to starve in an empty house while he goes for his holiday, he can be sent to prison.

1. The lawns are closely cropped, their flower beds primly cultivated, and their trees neatly pruned.

2. The London buses first came into the streets in 1829 and they were horse-drawn omnibuses, with three horses.

3. The sign of the London underground - a red circle crossed with a blue stripe can be seen on the buildings or just under a staircase leading straight under the ground.

4. When running along London streets omnibuses manage to maneuver very well without running into one another.

Вариант 4

a) 1. When Shakespeare became successful in London he bought the biggest house in Stratford.

2. Most London buses have a conductor, who will come round (зд. обойдет всех пассажиров) and collect fares.

б) 1. The main places the bus goes to are shown on the front of the bus.

2. Birmingham is surrounded by typically English countryside-quiet meadows and woodland, sleepy old-world villages, impressive castles and ancient churches.

1. The London underground is often called the tube, because it looks like a long, narrow and dimly lit tube, with its walls plastered with all kinds of advertisements

2. There are hundreds little fishing villages on the south-west coast.

3. The members of the groups that form the Opposition sit on the left, directly facing the Government benches.

4. The light above Big Ben at night and the flag during the day-time signal for the people of London that the members of Parliament, are watching over the nation’s interests.

THE OPEN UNIVERSITY

1. The Open University was founded in 1964 by the Labor Government for those people, for some reason, had not a chance to enter any of the universities, especially those above normal student age. It takes both men and women at the age 21 and over. At the beginning of the 1990s some 150000 students followed the Open University courses.

2. No formal academic qualifications are necessary for entry to these courses, but the standards of its degrees are the same as those of other universities. The first course began in 1971, and in a decade the number of undergraduates reached 65.000. It’s a non-residential¹university. In teaching the university uses a combination of television and radio broadcasts, correspondence courses and summer school, together with a network of viewing and listening centres².

3. Lecturers present their courses on one of the BBC’s television channels and by radio. They have also produced a whole library of short course-books, which anyone can buy at bookshops. Students write papers based on the courses and discuss them with tutors at meetings or by correspondence once a month.

4. Degrees are awarded on the basis of creadit³ gained by success at each stage of the course. Six credits are necessary for a BA degree⁴ and eight credits for a BA Honors degree. The time of staying on at the Open University is unlimited.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. без постоянного помещения

2. видео- и аудио центры

3. «успешно» – оценка за сданные экзамены

4. степень бакалавра

What are degrees awarded on?

1. … because students write papers.

2. … because the time of staying on at the Open University is unlimited.

3. … on the basis of credits gained by success at each stage of the course.

Контрольное задание 2

Вариант 5

a) 1. The Science Museum houses the earliest English locomotive actually built (1784).

2. Cambridge University was exclusively for men until 1871.

б) 1. In the 1970s, most colleges of the Cambridge University opened their doors to both men and women, and almost all colleges now are mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal members of both sex.

2. The colleges are not connected with any particular study.

1. Every college is governed by a dean.

2. A college is a group of buildings forming a square with a green lawn in the centre.

3. Mary (queen) had been living quietly in Suffolk (Саффолк – графство) while England was governed by a group of Protestant nobles acting as regents for the boy king.

4. The dominating factor in Cambridge is its well-known University, a center of education and learning, closely connected with the life and thought of Great Britain.

BIRMINGHAM

1. Long famous as an international business centre, Birmingham has developed into a modern and exciting city whose buildings and shops are second to none¹.

2. Buying and selling has been an important part of life in Birmingham for more than eight hundred years. In fact men used to sell their wives there as recently as the 18-th century! (In 1733 Samuel Whitehouse sold his wife to Thomas Griffiths in the market place for a little more than a pound!) Although neither husbands nor wives are for sale nowadays, Birmingham’s markets offer a large choice of other goods.

3. Each Tuesday, Friday and Saturday, the colourful rag market can be found. People used to² come to buy and sell old clothes (rags) but now there is a wide selection of modern fashions for everybody.

4. Years ago farmers used to sell their animals at the Bull Ring, but now it is one of the biggest open-air markets and shopping centers in the United Kingdom. People enjoy shopping there because it has modern shops, together with atmosphere of a traditional street market.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. непревзойденный

2. обычно; как правило

V.Прочитайте 4-й абзац и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос:

Why do people enjoy shopping in Birmingham?

1. … because they used to sell and buy their wives there.

2. … because they used to sell and buy rags and animals there.

3. … because it has modern shops, together with atmosphere of a traditional street market.

Контрольное задание 3

Образец 1 (к упр. I)

Present Simple Passive

Several new proposals are considered every week. – Несколько новых предложений рассматриваются каждую неделю.

Образец 2 (к упр. II)

One should be careful crossing Необходимо быть осторожным,

the street. переходя улицу.

This truck is more powerful Этот грузовик мощнее, чем тот

that one.(грузовик).

Образец 3 (к упр. III)

George had to leave alone. Джорж должен был уехать один.

Образец 4 (к упр. IV)

The text we have just translated Текст, который мы только что

is rather interesting. перевели довольно интересный.

Образец 5 (к упр. V)

The teacher let the students Преподаватель позволил

use the dictionaries. студентам пользоваться

словарями.

Образец 6 (к упр. VI)

Before testing the unit was Перед испытанием установка

brought to the laboratory. была доставлена в лабораторию.

Контрольное задание 3

Вариант 1

Пояснения к тексту

1.furthermore- к тому же; более того

2.to handle equipment – управлять оборудованием

3. contests – состязание; соревнование

4.under guidance – под руководством.

5.Graduation theses – дипломные работы

VIII. Прочтите текст еще раз. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на поставленный вопрос.

Are students encouraged to participate in research while studying?

1. Only after graduating from collage students have opportunities to participate in research.

2. Research enables the students to put to practical use the things they learn.

3. Still at college students are engaged in research under guidance of professors and instructors.

Контрольное задание 3

Вариант 2

Leeds University

1. Leeds University has a century-old tradition of teaching and research in

mechanical engineering and its degrees are recognized the world over.

2. The Mechanical Engineering¹ department has about 270 undergraduates and so academic staff. The teaching staff are practising engineers as well as academics. They are involved in consultation and research and maintain close links with industry.

3. The Department offers both three year courses leading to the degree ofBachelor² of Engineering (B. Eng.) and four year courses leading to the degree of Master of Engineering² (M. Eng.).

4. The first two years of the courses are common to both three- and four-year schemes and cover basic material for practising engineers. The course covers solid mechanics, thermofluids, materials, design, production and computing. There are also courses in mathematics and electronics and in introduction to the role of the engineer in society.

5. The final years of both schemes offer thirty options³ from which students choose five or seven subjects. These options include vehicle dynamics, aerodynamics, energy, analysis of manufacturing processes, biomechanical engineering, noise and vibration control, social and industrial psychology.

6. The courses consist of formal lectures, reinforced by tutorials, laboratory classes and projects, and practical design and computing work. Project work takes the form of assignment which a qualified engineer might be given. The project in the fourth year of the M. Eng. course involves co-operation with industrial engineers.

Пояснения к тексту

1. Mechanical engineering – машиностроение

2. The degree of Bachelor / Master of Engineering – степень Бакалавра / Магистра Технических наук

3. . Options – факультативные предметы; предметы на выбор

VIII. Прочитайте 5, 6 абзацы текста, ответьте на предложенный вопрос.

What does the project in the fourth year of the Master of engineering

course involve?

Контрольное задание 3

Вариант 3

Пояснения к тексту

Expertise – мастерство

2. parallel motion and sun / planet gearing - параллелограммный механизм и планетарная передача.

3. to coin the term – ввести термин

4. ft lb. / min – футо–фунтов в минуту

VIII. Прочитайте 6, 7 абзацы текста, ответьте на вопрос:

1. What invention of J. Watt is still used in the reprographic equipment today?

Контрольное задание 3

Вариант 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола - сказуемого.

1. The aborigines taught the early settlers to hunt wild animals.

2. This technology has already been applied to the production of several tools.

3. Many other applications are under investigation in laboratories.

4. The ecologists are trying to preserve our evironment for futture generation.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it,that,one.

1. One should be very careful working with the sharp instruments.

2. I’m afraid that the prices will increase sharply.

3. This is the model of the first automobile. It was propelled by steam.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык,помня о разных значениях глаголов to be,to have,to do.

1. One engineer doesn’t deal with every phase of development of a complex mechanism.

2. Nowadays any investigator does work having access to the scientific information.

3. The experts are to take into account the results of the test.

4. The graduates have an optimal combination of theoretical knowledge and practical skill.

With the invention of chips, computer manufacture has become much simpler. The manufacturer does not have to connect thousands of components together. Most of the connections are made inside the chip. It is even possible to build a complete in a single chip. A processor on single is called a microprocessor.

Пояснения к тексту

1. vacuum tubes-электронные лампы

2. integrated circuits-интегральные схемы

Контрольное задание 3

Вариант 5

Пояснения к тексту

1. the operative – зд. – рабочий

2.to owe one’s existence – быть обязанным своим существованием.

Образец 1 (к упр. I)

1. Millions of Russian people are recorded to have taken part in elections.	Зарегистрировано, что миллионы людей приняли участие в выборах.
2. We want the new car to be produced by February.	Мы хотим, чтобы новый автомобиль был выпущен к февралю.
3. The device to be bought must be checked beforehand.	Прибор, который нужно купить, следует предварительно проверить.

Образец 2 (к упр. II)

1. The girl reading a newspaper is our student.	Девушка, читающая газету, наша студентка.
2. Having finished the experiment the students left the laboratory.	Закончив эксперимент, студенты ушли из лаборатории.
3. His father being very ill, he had to send for the doctor.	Так как его отец был очень болен, он должен был послать за доктором.

Образец 3 (к упр. III)

1. If the weather is good we shall go skiing.	Если погода будет хорошая, мы пойдем кататься на лыжах.
2. If the system had been perfected, we should have applied it for new calculations.	Если бы система была усовершенствована, мы бы применили ее для новых расчетов.
3. It would be impossible to build spaceships without using new materials and alloys.	Было бы невозможно построить космические корабли без применения новых материалов и сплавов.

Контрольное задание 4

Вариант 1

Вариант 2

Atomic Power for Rockets.

1. The heart of a nuclear-rocket engine, of course, is the reactor that converts nuclear energy into heat.

2. The fuel of the reactor consists of a special kind of «isotope» of Uranium-235. When properly bombarded with neutrons the uranium nuclei break up or «fission» into a pair of fragments and emit more neutrons in the process, thus keeping the reactions going.

3. The fission process releases energy and the excess energy is carried away by the neutrons and by gamma rays. Since all of the fragments and most of the neutrons and gamma rays are stopped within the reactor, the energy that is released by U-235 fission will heat the reactor.

4. For making a nuclear-rocket engine thermally efficient the reactor’s temperature must be as high as possible. The melting point of uranium, 2,070 degrees F, sets a theoretical limit. Graphite, which withstands much higher temperatures, is a very good material for the reactor’s «moderator». So all present experimental reactors for nuclear-rocket engines are made of U-235 metal powder placed in graphite.

5. A cold gas, the hydrogen, enters several hundred narrow passages drilled through the graphite - uranium reactor core and is heated almost to the white-hot operating temperature. On coming from the passages, the hot gas expands through a nozzle in which it attains supersonic speed. The exhaust speed of the nuclear-rocket engine can probably reach 23.000 to 30.000 feet per second, which is twice as much as from a rocket engine using chemical combustion of hydrogen and oxyden.

Контрольное задание 4

Вариант 3

Вариант 4

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).

He wanted us to visit the art exhibition.

High export tariffs are considered to hurt the economy.

This machinery is supposed to be installed here next month.

The device to be tested will arrive here tomorrow.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Обратите внимание на перевод зависимого и независимого (самостоятельного) причастных оборотов (см.образец выполнения 2).

1. The teacher having asked many questions, the student had to spend much time to answer them.

2. The talks between two countries were conducted behind the closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.

3. Having finished the experiment they discussed the results.

Вариант 5

Образцы выполнения упражнений

Образец 1 (к упр. I)