Add some more facts to this table and speak on the topic “History of Computing”.
Computer Types and Uses
Unit A. Kinds of Computers
Vocabulary
handheld
mainframe
power
powerful
to suit
suitable
It suits me fine.
to improve
improvement
to fit
palm
palmtop
lap
laptop
cost
to cost
light
heavy
expensive
cheap
fast
to sell (sold, sold)
sale
salesperson
custom
customs
customer
to carry
to carry out
record
to record
to keep (kept, kept)
diary
to appoint
appointment
to make an appointment with
account
accountant
network
staff
research
entertainment
tax
according to
task
multi-tasking
facility
sophisticated
to share
single
broad
broadly speaking
tiny
to remind
reminder
a) chose the correct translation:
1) pocket
| a) ежедневник | b) карман | c) свет | d) исследование |
2) heavy
| a) подходящий | b) единственный | c) тяжелый | d) легкий |
3) research
| a) исследование | b) ежедневник | c) запись | d) мощность |
4) suitable
| a) единственный | b) широкий | c) подходящий | d) единственный |
5) diary
| a) ежедневник | b) карман | c) исследование | d) стоимость |
6) single
| a) подходящий | b) единственный | c) легкий | d) мощный |
7) to improve
| a) стоить | b) исследовать | c) выполнять | d) улучшать |
8) light
| a) легкий | b) единственный | c) подходящий | d) мощный |
9) to appoint
| a) подходить | b) назначать | c) стоить | d) продавать |
10) to carry out
| a) назначать | b) исследовать | c) выполнять | d) нести |
b) Match the words with their meanings:
| 1) power 2) entertainment 3) customs 4) fast 5) sale 6) tiny 7) staff 8) record 9) tax 10) account | a) таможня b) крошечный c) мощность d) запись e) налог f) быстрый g) счет h) продажа i) персонал j) развлечение |
с) Match the words with their definitions:
| 1) according to 2) custom 3) fit 4) share 5) palmtop 6) network 7) mainframe 8) laptop 9) multitasking 10) customize | a) the largest and most powerful type of computer b) a way of behaving which a particular group or society has had for a long time c) a small portable computer that can be held in one hand d) to divide smth between two or more people e) to change a system so that it works in the way the user wants f) the largest type of portable computer g) in a way that matches, follows or depends on smth h) the ability of a computer to work on more than one task at the same time i) a number of computers and other devices that are connected together so that equipment and information can be shared j) be the right size or shape for smb/smth |
Comparing Computer Types
a) Match these names to the different types of computer:
| 1 mainframe 2 laptop | 3 notebook 4 handheld | 5 PC 6 minicomputer |
a
b) Study these details of different types of computer. Find the answers to these questions:
Which type of computer is:
1 the most common?
2 small enough for a pocket?
3 the most common portable?
4 used by many people at the same time?
5 used like mainframes?
6 also called a handheld computer?
7 the most powerful?
8 not suitable for a lot of typing?
| Types of computer | Notes |
| Mainframes | Large, powerful, expensive. Multi-user systems – used by many people at the same time. Used for processing very large amounts of data. The most powerful mainframes are called supercomputers. |
| Minicomputers | Used like mainframes. Not as big, powerful, or expensive as mainframes. Less common now because microcomputers have improved. |
| Microcomputers or Personal computers (PCs) | The most common type of computer. Smaller, cheaper, and less powerful than mainframes and minicomputers. |
| Types of portable | Notes |
| Laptop | About the size of a small typewriter. Less common now because smaller and lighter portables are available. |
| Notebook | About the size of a piece of writing paper. The most common type of portable. |
| Subnotebook | Not quite as big as notebooks. Can fit into a jacket pocket. |
| Handheld or Palmtop | Small enough to fit into the palm of one hand. Not easy to type with because of their size. Specialized handheld computers known as PDAs are used as personal organizers. |
c) Grammar Revision: Comparison
Study this comparison of three types of computer.
| Mainframes | Minicomputers | Microcomputers | |
| Size | +++ | ++ | + |
| Power | +++ | ++ | + |
| Cost | +++ | ++ | + |
1 We can compare one type of computer with another:
Minicomputers are bigger than microcomputers.
Mainframes are more expensive than microcomputers.
For negative comparisons, we can say:
Microcomputers are not as big as minicomputers.
Microcomputers are not as powerful as mainframes.
2 We can compare mainframes to all other types of computer:
Mainframes are the biggest computers.
Mainframes are the most powerful computers.
Mainframes are the most expensive computers.
With short adjectives (big, small, fast), we add -er and -est (faster, fastest).
With longer adjectives (powerful, expensive), we use more/less and the most/the least before the adjective (more powerful, the most powerful).
Remember these two exceptions:
good - better - the best bad - worse - the worst
d) Choose the correct adjective. Then fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjective:
1 light/heavy
Laptops are 1___ than desktop computers, but 2___ than notebooks.
2 large/small
The mainframe is the 3___type of computer. A minicomputer is 4___ than a microcomputer.
3 common/good
Personal computers are 5___ than mainframes but mainframes are 6___ than personal computers at processing very large amounts of data.
4 powerful/expensive
Minicomputers are 7___than mainframes but they are also 8___.
5 fast/cheap
New computers are 9___ and sometimes 10___than older machines.
6 powerful/expensive
Laptops are often 11___ than PCs but they are not as 12___.
e) In pairs, decide what sort of computer is best for each of these users:
1 John Wilmott is a salesperson and he spends a lot of time visiting customers. He wants a computer to carry with him so he can access data about his customers and record his sales.
2 Pat Nye is a personnel officer. She needs a computer to keep staff records and to keep a diary of appointments. She also needs a computer for writing letters.
3 The University of the North needs a computer to look after its accounts, its network, the records of all students and staff, and to help with scientific research.
4 The James family want a computer for entertainment, writing letters, the Internet, and for calculating tax.
f) Put the words in brackets into the correct form to make an accurate description of sizes of computers:
There are different types of computer. The (large)1___ and (powerful) 2___ are mainframe computers. Minicomputers are (small) 3___ than mainframes but are still very powerful. Microcomputers are small enough to sit on a desk. They are the (common) 4___ type of computer. They are usually (powerful) 5___ than minicomputers.
Portable computers are (small) 6___ than desktops. The (large) 7___ portable is a laptop. (Small) 8___ portables, about the size of a piece of writing paper, are called notebook computers. Subnotebooks are (small) 9___ than notebooks. You can hold the (small)10___ computers in one hand. They are called handheld computers or palmtop computers.
Listening
a) Listen to a short lecture given by John Griffiths, an expert on computer systems. As you listen, label the pictures below with the words in the box:
| laptop, desktop PC, handheld, mainframe, minicomputer |
b) Listen again and chose the correct answer:
1 According to the speaker,
a a mainframe computer is less powerful than a minicomputer,
b a mainframe is more powerful than a minicomputer.
2 Mainframe computers are used by:
a executives and businessmen.
b large organizations that need to process enormous amounts of data.
3 'Multi-tasking' means:
a doing a number of tasks at the same time,
b access to a minicomputer through terminals.
4 The most suitable computers for home use are
a minicomputers,
b desktop PCs.
5 Handheld computers are
a small enough to fit into the palm of one hand,
b bigger than laptops.
Reading
Read the extract from Dan Gooking’s book ‘Buying a Computer for Dummies’. Give a good translation of the extract; try to keep to the style of the author: