Do you know any other way of creating a folder?

b) Match the diagrams (a-d) with the instruction numbers from Exercise a):

Do you know any other way of creating a folder? - student2.ru

c) Before reading the text below, try to answer the questions:

How is it possible to lose files on a computer?

Have you ever lost your information? Why?

d) Read the text quickly and match the headings (a-e) with the paragraphs (1-5):

a Saving existing files b Naming files c Saving new files d Defaults

1. Programs that let you create files or save data have a Save command, usually in the File menu. When you save a new file, the Save As dialog box appears (see below). You can let the computer decide the location, the file name and the format, or you can choose these settings yourself. There are many different file formats and they all have advantages and disadvantages. You can save a word-processing document as a web page, for example, or you can save digitalphotographs in a JPEG format, a TIFF format or many others.

Do you know any other way of creating a folder? - student2.ru

2. The Save As command is the defaultcommand for any new document so the Save As dialog box appears even if you click Save. If you do not give a new document a file name in a word-processing program, the file name will usually default to the first line in the document. The default file name in graphics programs is usually ‘Untitled’.

3. If you work on an existingfile and want to save changes, click Save, not Save As. You can use Save As to save an existing file in a different location, for example, in another drive or folder (using Save in)with a new name (using File name) or in a different format (using Save as type).

4. Having different folders helps you organize your files, but naming all the different files in one folder is not always easy. You should give files names that describe exactly what they contain so that you can find them easily.

e) Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F):

1 If you do not choose a location, a name, or a format when you save a new file, the computer will do it for you. 2 If you click Save on a new file, the Save As dialog box appears. 3 You can save files in one format only. 4 You can save existing files in more than one place on your computer. 5 The Save command only saves existing documents. 6 Most word-processing documents use 'Untitled' as the default name. 7 The Save As command cannot save existing documents. 8 Thinking of names for your files is easy.

T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F

f) Complete the sentences (1-6) with the words in bold and phrases in the text:

1 You can make back-up copies of_______ files on a floppy disk by using Save As.

2 I need a_______ camera because I want to save my pictures on my computer.

3 Graphics programs save files without names as _________by default.

4 Clicking _______will let you go to the A: drive, C: drive or D: drive.

5 Programs have _______ settings for all kinds of functions.

6 Click________ in the Save As dialog box to change the file format.

Summing-Up

What steps do you follow to create and save a file?
4 History and generations of Computers

Unit A. Development of Computing

Vocabulary

chip

microchip

silicon chip

circuit

integrated circuit

data

database

to decide

decision

to make a decision

to develop developer

development

initial

initially

interface

graphics interface

mainframe

minicomputer

microcomputer

a) chose the correct translation:

a) performance

1) выполнение 2) совместимость 3) развитие 4) наличие

b) compatible

1) имеющийся 2) совместимый 3) начальный 4) распространенный

c) to set up

1) помещать 2) развивать 3) устанавливать 4) выполнять

d) mainframe

1) пиктограмма 2) мышь 3) производительность 4) большая ЭВМ

e) availability

1) установка 2) совместимость 3) наличие 4) производительность

f) decision

1) решение 2) развитие 3) цепь 4) набор

g) set

1) набор 2) установка 3) совместимость 4) наличие

h) initial

1) совместимый 2) имеющийся 3) начальный

i) data

1) решение 2) информация 3) совместимость 4) развитие

j) chip

1) информация 2) микросхема 3) установка 4) развитие

b) Match the words with their meanings:

a) decide b) mouse c) compatible d) performance e) chip f) developer g) data h) mainframe i) set j) icon

1) мышь 2) пиктограмма 3) микросхема 4) информация 5) эффективность 6) набор 7) решать 8) большая ЭВМ 9) разработчик 10) совместимый

c) Make up meaningful word combinations:

to click on …

… interface

to perform …

to develop …

to set up …

… click

d) Complete the sentences with the words from the box:

click develop processor microchip memory

a) In 1991 IBM were making PCs with 16Mb of …, expandable to 64Mb, running with a … speed of 33MHz.

b) The company set up a special team to … the first IBM PC.

c) It was the … technology that made a PC possible.

d) To run the program you should … on the corresponding button or icon.

Reading

a) Read and translate the word combinations from the text:

put together

whole world

initial research

for ever

command-based operating system

to perform a function

processor speed

microchip technology

to make possible

world-wide scale

to make information available

b) Read and translate the sentences from the text:

a) Using a mouse, the user clicks on icons and buttons.

b) The computers have changed the world for ever.

c) The microchip technology made PC possible.

d) MS/DOS is the initial operating system for the IBM PC.

e) Different kinds of applications are run on modern PCs.

c) Match the words with their definitions:

1 mainframe 2 mouse 3 icon 4 operating system 5 software 6 hardware 7 microchip

a) the sort of software that controls a computer system b) a very small piece of silicon carrying a complex electrical circuit c) a big computer system used for large-scale operations d) the physical portion of a computer system e) a device moved by hand to indicate position on the screen f) a visual symbol used in a menu instead of natural language g) data, programs, etc., not forming part of a computer, but used when operating it.

d) Read the text. How would you call it?

In 1952, a major computing company took a decision to get out of the business of making mainframe computers. They believed that there was only a market for four mainframes in the whole world. That company was IBM. The following year they reversed their decision.

In 1980, IBM decided that there was a market for 250,000 PCs, so they set up a special team to develop the first IBM PC. It went on sale in 1981 and set a world-wide standard for IBP-compatibility which, over the next ten years, was only seriously challenged by one other company, Apple Computers. Since then, over seventy million PCs made by IBM and other manufacturers have been sold. Over this period, PCs have become commodity items. Since IBM made the design non-proprietary, anyone can make them.

The history of the multi-billion dollar PC industry has been one of mistakes. Xerox Corporation funded the initial research on personal computers in their Palo Alto laboratory in California. However, the company failed to capitalize on this work, and the ideas that they put together went into the operating system developed for Apple's computers. This was a graphical interface: using a mouse, the user clicks on icons which represent the function to be performed.

The first IBM PC was developed using existing available electrical components. With IBM's badge on the box it became the standard machine for large corporations to purchase. When IBM were looking for an operating system, they went initially to Digital Research, who were market leaders in command-based operating systems (these are operating systems in which the users type in commands to perform a function). When the collaboration between IBM and Digital Research failed, IBM turned to Bill Gates, then 25 years old, to write their Operating system. Bill Gates founded Microsoft on the basis of the development of MS/DOS, the initial operating system for the IBM PC. Digital Research have continued to develop their operating system, DR/DOS, and it is considered by many people to be a better product than Microsoft's. However, without an endorsement from IBM, it has become a minor player in the market.

The original IBM PC had a minimum of 16K of memory, but this could be upgraded to 512K if necessary, and ran with a processor speed of 4.77MHz. Ten years later, in 1991, IBM were making PCs with 16Mb of memory, expandable to 64Mb, running with a processor speed of 33MHz. The cost of buying the hardware has come down considerably as the machines have become commodity items. Large companies are considering running major applications on PCs, something which, ten years ago, no one would have believed possible of a PC. In contrast, many computers in people’s homes are just used to play computer games.

The widespread availability of computers has in all probability changed the world for ever. The microchip technology which made the PC possible has put chips not only into computers, but also into washing-machines and cars. Some books may never be published in paper form, but may only be made available as part of public databases. Networks of computers are already being used to make information available on a world-wide scale.

e) Answer the questions using the facts from the text:

1. How many mainframes did IBM think it was possible to sell in 1952?

2. How many PCs have now been sold?

3. Who paid for the initial research into PCs?

4. Which company later used the results of this research to develop their operating system?

5. What are command-based operating systems?

6. DR/DOS is an acronym. What does it stand for?

7. Since the invention of the IBM PC, many of its features have been improved.

Which of the following features does the text not mention in this respect:

a memory

b speed

c size