First Steps in IT English: Words, Notions, Measurements
ENGLISH FOR IT STUDENTS
МОСКВА 2012
Мороз И.Н., кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков РосНОУ.
Рецензент: Алексеева М.Н., доцент, кандидат филологических наук, заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков РосНОУ.
Учебное пособие предназначено для обучения английскому языку программистов, операторов ЭВМ и других специалистов, связанных с информатикой и вычислительной техникой. Языковой материал пособия отобран с учетом потребностей данной категории обучаемых.
Целью данного пособия является помощь студентам в овладении английским языком специальностей, связанных с информатикой и вычислительной техникой. В пособии использованы аутентичные материалы, что дает возможность познакомиться именно с тем языком, на котором говорят носители языка и который используется в специальной литературе данной области науки и техники.
Пособие состоит из пяти разделов, последовательное изучение которых позволяет получить общее представление о компьютере, его истории, возможностях, видах и основных сферах применения. В результате многократного повторения основной тематической лексики достигается ее прочное усвоение.
Пособие может быть использовано для обучения студентов любой формы обучения, в том числе и дистанционной. Наличие ответов к заданиям и тематического словаря позволяет использовать его для самостоятельной работы.
First Steps in IT English: Words, Notions, Measurements
Unit A Parts and Measurements
Vocabulary
to compute
computer
PC – Personal computer
desktop
part
device
hardware
drive
hard drive
floppy disk drive
CD-ROM drive
CD-rewriter
CD – compact disk
DVD – Digital Versatile Disk
tower
mouse
key
keyboard
peripherals
to store
storage
storage device
memory
RAM – Random Access Memory
ROM – Read Only Memory
unit
to measure
measurement
bit – binary digit
byte
kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte
hertz
megahertz, gigahertz
inch
speed
size
rate
to process
processor
CPU – central processing unit
to control
to perform
performance
to run
to move
to remove
movement
software
program
to program
programmer
to operate
operation
OS – operating /operation system
to display
display
to monitor
monitor
screen
to print
printer
to type
type
character
letter
graphics
image
picture
a) chose the correct translation:
1) to measure
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
2) device
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
3) to run
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
4) screen
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
5) drive
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
6) size
| a) размер | b) скорость | c) память | d) привод |
7) to perform
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
8) to process
| a) обрабатывать | b) выполнять | c) измерять | d) запускать |
9) speed
| a) размер | b) скорость | c) память | d) привод |
10) storage
| а) экран | b) устройство | c) привод | d) память |
b) Match the words with their meanings:
| a) keyboard b) desktop c) unit d) performance e) operate f) device g) type h) process i) store j) part | 1) набирать 2) устройство 3) работать 4) обрабатывать 5) клавиатура 6) хранить 7) блок 8) деталь 9) настольный 10) быстродействие |
c) Match the words with their definitions:
| a) character b) hardware c) megabyte d) performance e) process f) software g) store h) image i) device j) megahertz | 1) how well or badly a computer, machine, etc. works or does smth 2) the programs used by a computer 3) a single letter, number or space that is typed in a computer document 4) a copy or picture of sth seen on a computer 5) the machinery and electronic parts of a computer system that you can touch 6) to keep information or data in a computer's memory 7) a unit for measuring the speed of a CPU. 8) a tool or a piece of equipment made for a particular purpose 9) a unit for measuring computer memory 10) (used about a computer) to read data and use it to perform a series of tasks (operations) |
d) Make up two-word expressions:
| to process to control to watch a binary an operation to type to measure to play to run a storage | movies a program games data hardware device digit system size letters |
e) Make up three-word expressions:
| Central Random Read Hard Digital | Access Versatile Only Processing Disk | Disk Drive Memory Memory Unit |
f) Find synonyms:
| character speed device keep image software storage operate part computer | picture machine work rate component store letter program hardware memory |
g) Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
| measure, CPU, graphics,movies, run, processes, RAM |
1) Most computers ___ the Microsoft Windows OS.
2) We ___ the size of the hard disk in gigabytes.
3) Watching ___ on the Internet needs a faster ___.
4) The CPU controls how fast the computer ___data.
5) Programs with a lot of ___ need a large ___to run well
h) Guess what it is:
1) a device that can read and write to writable disks
2) a tool or a piece of equipment made for a particular purpose
3) the part of the computer that reads and stores information on disks
4) a machine that is connected to a computer and that prints on paper
5) the set of buttons (keys) that you press to operate a computer
6) a separate part of a PC with a large screen that shows information from the computer
7) a small device that you move across a surface with your hand to control the movement of the cursor
8) the general term used for a computer, which usually consists of a monitor, a tower, a keyboard and a mouse
9) any piece of hardware (= machinery, etc. that forms part of or is connected to a computer) apart from the CPU and the working memory (RAM)
10) a metal box that contains the CPU, hard disk drive and power supply for a PC
Reading
a) Read the text quickly. Match the headings (a-d) with the paragraphs (1-4):
a Memory b Speed c PCs and Notebooks d Hardware/ Software
1. The parts of a computer you can touch, such as the monitor or the Central Processing Unit (CPU) are hardware. All hardware except the CPU and the working memory are called peripherals. Computer programs are software. The operating system (OS) is software that controls the hardware. Most computers run the Microsoft Windows OS. MacOS and Linux are other operating systems.
2. The CPU controls how fast the computer processesdata, or information. We measure its speed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz). The higher the speed of the CPU, the faster the computer will run. You can type letters and play computer games with a 500 MHz CPU. Watching movies on the Internet needs a faster CPU and a modem.
3. We measure the Random Access Memory (RAM) of the computer in megabytes (MB). RAM controls the performance of the computer when it is working and moves data to and from the CPU. Programs with a lot of graphics need a large RAM to run well. The hard disk stores data and software programs. We measure the size of the hard disk in gigabytes (GB).
4. Computer technology changes fast, but a desktop PC (Personal Computer) usually has a tower, a separate monitor, a keyboard and a mouse. The CPU, modem, CD-ROM and floppy disk drives are usually inside the tower. A notebook is a portable computer with all these components inside one small unit. Notebooks have a screen, not a monitor, and are usually more expensive than desktops with similar specifications.
(W)
b) Look at these words. Write H (hardware), P (peripheral), S (software) or M (measurement) next to each one:
1 CPU 2MacOS 3 megabyte (MB) 4 printer 5 RAM 6 megahertz (MHz) 7 mouse 8 modem 9 Linux 10 scanner 11 gigabytes (GB) 12 floppy disk
c) Match the highlighted words and phrases in the text with the definitions (1-7):
| 1. parts 2. pictures and images 3. reads and uses data | 4. measurements 5. use a computer program 6. keeps data in the memory 7. how well a computer does something |
Приставки для образования десятичных кратных и дольных единиц
Наименования десятичных кратных и дольных единиц образуются присоединением нижеуказанных приставок к наименованиям исходных единиц.
| da – deca (дека – да) = 101 h - hecto (гекто – г) = 102 k – kilo (кило – к) = 103 M – mega (мега – М) = 106 G – giga (гига – Г) = 109 T – tera (тера – Т) = 1012 P – peta (пета – П) = 1015 E – exa (экса – Э) = 1018 | d – deci (деци – д) = 1-0-1 c – centi (санти – с) = 10-2 m – milli (милли – м) = 10-3 - micro (микро – мк) = 10-6 n – nano (нано - н) = 10-9 p – pico (пико – п) = 10-12 f – femto (фемто – ф) = 10-15 a – atto (атто – а) = 10-18 |
Unit B What is a Computer?
Vocabulary
to accept
step
to involve
to feed (fed)
set
to set
set-up
to put
to input
to output
to make
to make up
make-up
to call
to consist
main
main memory
influence
to influence
influential
to execute
executive
to hold (held)
to hold down
current
currently
to attach
attachment
to provide
permanent
to equip
equipment
socket
to connect
connection
handle
to handle
able
to enable
common
to extract
means
by means of
to plug
range
general
generally
a) chose the correct translation:
1) consist
| а) прикреплять | b) состоять | c) извлекать | d) составлять |
2) extract
| а) прикреплять | b) состоять | c) извлекать | d) составлять |
3) step
| а) шаг | b) набор | c) влияние | d) средство |
4) involve
| а) предоставлять | b) вовлекать | c) устанавливать | d) делать |
5) set
| а) шаг | b) набор | c) влияние | d) средство |
6) influence
| а) шаг | b) набор | c) влияние | d) средство |
7) attach
| а) прикреплять | b) состоять | c) извлекать | d) составлять |
8) provide
| а) предоставлять | b) вовлекать | c) устанавливать | d) делать |
9) means
| а) шаг | b) набор | c) влияние | d) средство |
10) make up
| а) прикреплять | b) состоять | c) извлекать | d) составлять |
b) Match the words with their meanings:
| a) main b) execute c) enable d) hold e) equipment f) connect g) common h) call i) range j) currently | 1) оборудование 2) называть 3) главный 4) в настоящее время 5) давать возможность 6) диапазон 7) держать 8) распространенный 9) соединять 10) выполнять |
c) Match the words with their definitions:
| a) able b) execute c) influence d) general e) current f) hold g) permanent h) step i) by means of j) plug | 1) clever, having or showing knowledge or skill 2) now passing, of the present time 3) have or keep in one’s possession 4) one action in a series of actions 5) carry out 6) make a connection 7) not special or particular 8) through, with the help of 9) not expected to change, going for a long time 10) power to affect, action of some force |
d) Make up two-word expressions:
| to accept main storage optical input physical computer to process finished permanent | data devices units product drive system storage memory data devices |
e) Find synonyms:
| a) set up b) hold c) step d) feed e) execute f) via g) currently h) attach i) provide j)main | 1) connect 2) input 3) chief 4) contain 5) by means of 6) give 7) now 8) install 9) perform 10) operation |
Reading
a) Read the text:
What is a Computer?
Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the data and give the results of processing in a specified format as information.
Three basic steps are involved in the process: First, data is fed into the computer’s memory. Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.
Information in the form of data and program is known as software, and the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware. A standard computer system consists of three main sections: the Central Processing Unit (CPU), the main memory and the peripherals.
Perhaps the most influential component is theCentral Processing Unit. It is to execute program functions and to coordinate the activities of all the other units. In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer. The main memory holds the instructions and data which are currently being processed by the CPU. The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/ output devices.
Storage devices(floppyor hard disks) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs. Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory. The most common input devices are themouse and thekeyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer.
On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – modems, fax machines, optical drives and scanners.
These are the main physical units of a computer system, generally known as the configuration.
b) Use the information in the text to help you match the terms hi the box with the appropriate explanation or definition below:
| a) software; b) floppy disk; c) output; | d) peripheral devices; e) hardware; f) Central Processing Unit | g) monitor; h) input; i) port. |
1. The brain of the computer.
2. Physical parts that make up a computer system.
3. Programs which can be used on particular computer system.
4. The information which is presented to the computer.
5. Results produced by a computer.
6. Hardware equipment attached to the CPU.
7. Visual display unit.
8. Small device used to store information. Same as ‘diskette’.
9. Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may be connected.
c) Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
| software process type hardware output operate |
1) Computers are electronic machines that … information.
2) Computers … quickly and accurately in solving problems.
3) After processing the information, they … the results.
4) You can … and print any kind of document – letters, memos, or legal documents.
5) … is a set of devices and … is a set of programs.
Summing-up
1. What do we mean when we say “a computer”?
2. What parts make up a computer system?
3. What are the main units of measurement in computer science?
4. What is hardware?
5. What is software?
6. Why is the central processor called “a brain of a computer”?
7. What do we use to input data?
Unit A Desktop
Vocabulary
desktop
to appear
icon
background picture
colour\color
number
a number of
to include
recycle bin
control panel
to turn on\off
to boot up
to click
to double-click
folder
file
to contain
to add
to delete
box
to save
screen saver
person
to personalize
to restore
to allow
to locate
location
a) chose the correct translation:
1) to include
| a) включать | b) выключать | c) появляться | d) включать (в себя) |
2) a number of
| a) номер | b) несколько | c) пиктограмма | d) заставка |
3) to turn off
| a) включать | b) выключать | c) появляться | d) включать (в себя) |
4) folder
| a) рабочий стол | b) заставка | c) обои | d) папка |
5) background picture
| a) рабочий стол | b) заставка | c) обои | d) папка |
6) to turn on
| a) включать | b) выключать | c) появляться | d) включать (в себя) |
7) to add
| a) включать | b) удалять | c) добавлять | d) выключать |
8) desktop
| a) рабочий стол | b) заставка | c) обои | d) папка |
9) to appear
| a) включать | b) выключать | c) появляться | d) включать (в себя) |
10) screen saver
| a) рабочий стол | b) заставка | c) обои | d) папка |
b) Match the words with their meanings:
| 1) control 2) number 3) person 4) boot up 5) appear 6) add 7) include 8) folder 9) contain 10) desktop | a) рабочий стол b) человек c) складывать d) содержать e) управлять f) папка g) загружать h) число i) включать в себя j) появляться |
c) Match the words with their definitions:
| 1) background 2) delete 3) double-click 4) file 5) folder 6) icon 7) Recycle Bin 8) Screensaver 9) personalize 10) desktop | a) to remove smth that has been stored on a computer b) a place where a number of computer files or documents can be stored together c) a program that runs a moving image on a computer screen when the keyboard and the mouse are not being used d) to design or change smth so that it is suitable for the needs of one particular person e) the first screen that appears when you turn on your computer and which displays icons that represent files, folders, documents, etc f) picture or colour on the first screen that appears when you turn on the computer g) the folder in Microsoft Windows where files or programs that have been deleted or removed are stored h) to press one of the buttons on a mouse twice quickly in order to start an action on screen i) a small symbol on a computer screen which represents a program, or a file j) a collection of information, such as a Word document or a picture, which is stored in a computer, under a particular name |
d) Make up two-word expressions:
| 1. background 2. screen 3. control 4. recycle 5. to double-click 6. to press 7. to run 8. computer 9. to personalize 10. Word | a) the icon b) document c) screen d) picture e) the desktop f) saver g) a program h) bin i) the button j) panel |
Speaking
Reading
a) Read the text quickly and match the headings (a-d) with the paragraphs (1-4):
a The control panel b The drives c The desktop d Using icons
1. The desktop is the screen that appears after you boot up, or turn on, your computer. It shows a number of icons on a background picture or colour. When you buy a new computer and boot up for the first time, the desktop will only show a small number of icons. In the Windows operating system, these usually include My Computer and the Recycle Bin.
2. Double-clicking on an icon with the mouse opens a computer program, a folder or a file. Folders usually contain other files. You can move icons around the desktop, add new ones or remove them by deleting them. Deleted files go to the Recycle Bin. People usually put the programs they use most often on the desktop to find them quickly.
3. When you double-click on My Computer another screen appears. This screen shows the A: drive icon, for floppy disks; the C: drive icon, which usually contains all of the main programs and folders on your computer; the D: drive icon, which is usually the CD-ROM drive, and the Control Panel folder.
4. When you double-click on Control Panel, another screen appears that shows many other icons, such as the Display icon and the Date/Time icon. Double-clicking on Display opens a box that lets you personalize your desktop by changing the screen saver (the moving image that appears when no one is using the computer) or the background picture.
b) Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F):
1 The desktop appears before you boot up.
2 Files are usually inside folders.
3 People usually put their favourite programs on the desktop.
4 Use the C: drive to open floppy disks.
5 You cannot change the background picture of the desktop.
6 The Control Panel folder contains the Date/Time icon.
c) Find the words in the text that mean:
1 comes into view so you can see it (paragraph 1)
2 the picture or colour on your screen (1)
3 clicking the mouse two times quickly (2)
4 something that holds documents or files (2)
5 most important (3)
6 make something the way you want it (4)
d) Match the icons with their descriptions:
Common iconson the Microsoft Windows desktop include:
| 1) Microsoft Outlook | a) a feature that stores deleted files and allows the user to restore them to their original location i.e. the equivalent to the trashcan on an Apple Mac system |
| 2) Network Neighbourhood or My Network Places | b) a messaging program |
| 3) My Computer | c) a browser program that allows the user to view webpages on the Internet |
| 4) Internet Explorer | d) afeature that displays the names of other computers networked with yours |
| 5) Recycle Bin | e) a feature that lets you see the resources on your computer |
Speaking
Vocabulary
user interface
to represent
to point
point
pointer
cursor
to select
to hover
to cause
cause
to interact
interaction
interactive
to press
pressure
to release
compatible
to base on/upon
basic
button
item
dialog box
step
font
date
bar
task bar
title bar
scroll bar
tool bar
drop-down
list
to list
to choose (chose, chosen)
choice
to relate
related
relation
relative
to search
search
to reverse
to cut
clipboard
to paste
to insert
resident
to reside
to touch
touch screen
touch pad
available
a) chose the correct translation:
1) to allow
| a) нажимать | b) позволять | c) отпускать | d) перечислять |
2) to release
| a) нажимать | b) позволять | c) отпускать | d) перечислять |
3) relation
| a) причина | b) отношение | c) поиск | d) список |
4) to represent
| a) касаться | b) представлять | c) указывать | d) вставлять |
5) to press
| a) нажимать | b) позволять | c) отпускать | d) перечислять |
6) cause
| a) причина | b) отношение | c) поиск | d) список |
7) to list
| a) нажимать | b) позволять | c) отпускать | d) перечислять |
8) search
| a) причина | b) отношение | c) поиск | d) список |
9) to point
| a) касаться | b) представлять | c) указывать | d) вставлять |
10)list
| a) причина | b) отношение | c) поиск | d) список |
b) Match the words with their meanings:
| 1) select 2) point 3) choice 4) cut 5) step 6) basic 7) common 8) touch 9) relative 10) cause | a) вырезать b) выбирать c) вызывать d) распространенный e) шаг f) трогать g) точка h) относительный i) основной j) выбор |
с) Match the words with their definitions:
| 1) button 2) drop-down menu 3) font 4) insert 5) interact 6) locate 7) paste 8) related 9) search 10) scroll bar | a) connected with smb/smth b) a list of possible choices that appears on a computer screen when you click on a title at the top c) to put smth into sth or between two things d) to examine smth carefully because you are looking for smth e) to find the exact position of smb/smth f) a tool on a computer screen that you use to move the text up and down or left and right g) to communicate directly with each other h) a small box that a user clicks, using a mouse, to tell the computer to do smth. i) to copy or move text or graphics into a document from somewhere else j) the particular style of a set of letters that are used in printing |
d) Make up two-word expressions:
| user dialog scroll tool touch drop-down start compatible task resident | bar program button bar bar box devices interface menu screen |
f) Complete the sentences with the words from the box:
| taskbar, buttons, allows, to hover, choosing, represent, resident, user interfaces, touchscreen,Start button |
1) A mouse also has left and right ….
2) A bar, known as a …,is displayed along the bottom of the desktop showing what programs, files and folders are currently open.
3) A …allows the user to select icons and commands by touching the display screen with their finger instead of using a mouse.
4) At the far right of the taskbar is a special area called the system traywhere icons are displayed showing what … programs are continuously running in the background e.g. the system clock or a sound volume control.
5) Graphical … were first introduced with the Apple Mac OS.
6) My Briefcase is a program that … the user to exchange files with a portable computer and to synchronise the files on each computer.
7) There is a … at the far left of the taskbar.
8) The user can close down the operating system by … the Shut Downoption on the Start Menu.
9) Icons are pictures which … programs, folders, and files.
10) … is to hold the pointer over an icon.
Speaking
Listening
a) Dialog box. Study this dialog box. Tick (√) the features you can identify:
1. text box
2. tab
3. checkbox
4. title bar
5. drop-down list box
6. command button
Reading
a) Read the text and find out the definitions:
Most computers have a Graphical User Interface. The interfaceis the connection between the user and the computer. The most common type of GUI uses a WIMP system. WIMP stands for Window, Icon, Menu (or Mouse), Pointer (or Pull-down/Pop-up menu).
A Windowis an area of the computer screen where you can see the contents of a folder, a file, or a program. Some systems allow several windows on the screen at the same time and windows can overlap each other. The window on the top is the one which is 'active', the one in use.
Iconsare small pictures on the screen. They represent programs, folders, or files. For example, the Recycle Bin icon represents aprogram for deleting and restoring files. Most systems have a special area of the screen on which icons appear.
Menusgive the user a list of choices. You operate the menu by pressing and releasing one or more buttons on the mouse.
The pointeris the arrow you use to select icons or to choose options from a menu. You move the pointer across the screen with the mouse. Then you click a button on the mouse to use the object selected by the pointer.
b) Read the terms, make sure that you now their meanings:
window
scroll bar
menu bar
pull-down menu
pointer
toolbar buttons
disk icons
folders
program icons
document icons
printer icon
dock icon
c) Read the definitions to check your answers:
· Window: a viewing area less than or equal to the screen size. By using different windows you can work on several documents simultaneously.
· Scroll bar:the area, usually around two sides of a window in a graphical user interface, that allows the user to move around a document.
· Menu bar: the area at the top of the screen which allows access to various menus.
· Pull-down menu: a menu that the user ‘pulls down’ from a name in the menu bar at the top of the screen by selecting the name with the mouse.
· The pointer: an arrow, controlled by the mouse, that allows you to move around the screen.
· Toolbar buttons: found at the top of a window, they take you to the Home folder and others.
· Icons: graphic images (or intuitive symbols) used to represent an object or task.
· Folders: containers for documents and applications.
· Dock: set of icons at the bottom of the screen that give you instant access to the things you use most.
d) Read the article below and decide which of the expressions in the box best describe a graphical user interface (GUI):
| user-friendly slow attractive text-based complex graphics-based |
GUIs
The term user interface refers to the standard procedures the user follows to interact with a particular computer. A few years ago, the way in which users had access to a computer system was quite complex. They had to memorize and type a lot of commands just to see the content of a disk, to copy files or to respond to a single prompt. In fact, only experts used computers, so there was no need for a user-friendly interface. Now, however, computers are used by all kinds of people and as a result there is a growing emphasis on the user interface.
A good user interface is important because when you buy a program you want to use it easily. Moreover, a graphical user interface saves a lot of time: you don’t need to memorize commands in order to execute an application; you only have to point and click so that its content appears on the screen.
Macintosh computers – with a user interface based on graphics and intuitive tools – were designed with a single clear aim: to facilitate interaction with the computer. Their interface is called WIMP: Window,Icon,Mouse and Pointer and software products for Macintosh have been designed to take full advantage of its features using this interface. In addition, the ROM chips of a Macintosh contain libraries that provide program developers with routines for generating windows, dialog boxes, icons and pop-up menus. This ensures the creation of applications with a high level of consistency.
Today, the most innovative GUIs are the Macintosh, Microsoft Windows and OS/2’s graphical Presentation Manager. These three platforms include similar features: a desktop with icons, windows and folders, a printer selector, a file finder, a control panel and various desk accessories. Double-clicking a folder opens a window which contains programs, documents or further nested folders. At any time within a folder, you can launch the desired program or document by double-clicking the icon, or you can drag it to another location.
The three platforms differ in other areas such as device installation, network connectivity or compatibility with application program.
These interfaces have been so successful because they are extremely easy to use. It is well known that computers running under an attractive interface stimulate users to be more creative and produce high quality results, which has a major impact on the general public.
e) Find answers to these questions:
1) What does the abbreviation ‘GUI’ stand for?
2) What is the contribution of Macintosh computers to the development of graphic environment?
3) What does the acronym ‘WIMP’ mean?
4) What computing environments based on graphics are mentioned in the text?
5) How do you run a program on a computer with a graphical interface?
6) Can you give two reasons for the importance of user-friendly interfaces?
Solve Anagrams
1) involving direct communication between a computer and the person using it (adjective) ____ACEEIINRTTV
2) a place where smth happens or exists _____ACILNOOT
3) a small arrow on a computer screen that you move by moving the mouse______
EINOPRT
4) a row of symbols (icons), usually below the menu bar, that represent the different commands or tools that a user needs to use a program_____ ABLOORT
5) the section of memory that temporarily stores data while it is being copied and pasted _____ ABDILOPRС
6) able to be used, may be obtained ______ AAABEILLV
7) a common boundary (граница) between systems, devices and programs _____ ACEEFINRT
8) the act of looking for data in a computer system _____ ACEHRS
9) to choose smth that is usually on screen _____ CEELST
10) able to work together; meet certain standards _____ ABCEILMOPT
Unit A Keys and Buttons
Vocabulary
alternate
alternative
to let
sign
to sign
signature
next
next to
below
between
above
оn the left/right /top/bottom
to the left/right
to arrange
arrangement
like
ordinary
same
order
to order
in order to
to vary
variant
various
to switch on/off/from
switch
to edit
edition
editor
word processing
word processor
within
to issue
issue
to produce
production
to combine
combination
for example
to describe
description
to state
statement
to fix
case
brief
kind
arrow
blank
space
blank space
to confirm
confirmation
line
to lose (lost)
to depend on
dependent
independent
dependence
independence
to apply
application
to affect
affection
layout
entry
margin
option
optional
to highlight
shift
capital
to lock
to adjust
adjustment
table
previous
to cancel
to change
change
access
to access
accessible
to follow
following
approximate
approximately
approximation
to recognize
recognition
a) chose the correct translation:
1) ordinary
| a) независимый | b) обычный | c) краткий | d) предыдущий |
2) table
| a) таблица | b) строка | c) распознавание | d) описание |
3) independent
| a) независимый | b) обычный | c) краткий | d) предыдущий | ||
4) line
| a) таблица | b) строка | c) распознавание | d) описание | ||
5) brief
| a) независимый | b) обычный | c) краткий | d) предыдущий | ||
6) recognition
| a) таблица | b) строка | c) распознавание | d) описание | ||
7) previous
|
8) description
| a) таблица | b) строка | c) распознавание | d) описание |
9) to follow
| a) запирать | b) производить | c) следовать | d) подписывать |
10) to lock
| a) запирать | b) производить | c) следовать | d) подписывать | ||
b) Match the words with their meanings:
| 1) produce 2) combination 3) arrange 4) sign 5) arrow 6) confirmation 7) approximate 8) between 9) same 10) for example | a) организовать b) стрелка c) производить d) подтверждение e) между f) приблизительный g) знак h) например i) одинаковый j) сочетание |
с) Match the words with their definitions:
| a) access b) adjust c) application d) cancel e) edit f) escape g) highlight h) margin i) optional j) word processor | 1. to stop smth before it happens or before it is complete |
| 2. a type of computer application program used for typing and editing text documents | |
| 3. to be able to open a file, website, program, database, etc. | |
| 4. to leave an operation, command or program, etc. | |
| 5. that you can choose to do or not do | |
| 6. a computer program or set of programs designed for a particular type of real world job | |
| 7. the spaces at the side of a printed page that do not contain text | |
| 8. to change smth slightly | |
| 9. to mark part of a text with a special coloured pen, or to mark an area on a computer screen to emphasize it or make it easier to see | |
| 10. o prepare a piece of text to be published, making sure that it is correct, the right length, etc. |
d) Make up two-word expressions:
| 1) capital 2) brief 3) word 4) keyboard 5) to access 6) application 7) to cancel 8) to sign 9) alternative 10) blank | processing a document data space layout letter character program an instruction description |
Reading
About the Keyboard
The keyboard is where the data or information is input into the computer. It is usually arranged like an ordinary typewriter keyboard with a number of other keys added which carry out special functions.
1. Alphanumeric keys: arranged in the same order as a typewriter.
2. Function keys: used by various programs to instruct the PC to perform specific tasks, such as Save, Copy, Paste, Help, etc.
3. Numeric keypad: set of numeric or editing keys. The NumLock key is used to switch from numbers to editing functions.
4. Editing keys: cursor and other keys usually used within word processors to page up and down in a long document or to edit text (using Insert or Delete keys).
5. Special keys: used to issue commands or to produce alternative characters in key combinations, for example, the Alt key.
a) Match these descriptions with the names of the keys in the box:
| Arrow Keys, Return/Enter, Backspace, Caps Lock, Shift, Tab, Escape, Space Bar, Delete, Alt |
1) A long key at the bottom of the keyboard. Each time it is pressed, it produces a blank space (…).
2) It moves the cursor to the beginning of a new line. It is also used to confirm commands (…).
3) It stops the program without losing the information from the main memory. Sometimes its use depends on the application (…).
4) It works in combination with other keys to produce special characters or specific actions (…).
5) It removes the character on the right of the cursor or any selected text (…).
6) It produces UPPER-CASE characters or the upper-case character of the key (…).
7) It produces the upper-case letters but it does not affect numbers and symbols (…).
8) It moves the cursor horizontally to the right for a fixed number of spaces (in tabulations and data fields) (…).
9) They are used to move the cursor as an alternative to the mouse (…).
10) It removes the character on the left of the cursor (…).
b) Match these key abbreviations with their full names:
| 1 Esc 2 Alt 3 Ctrl 4 Pgdn 5 Pgup 6 Ins 7 Del | a Alternate b Page Up c Delete d Insert e Escape f Page Down g Control |
c) Look at the notebook keyboard below. Answer the questions:
1 Which key is between G and J?
2 Which key is to the left of Y?__
3 Which key lets you type in capital letters?
4 Where are the arrow keys?_____
5 Where is the multiplication sign?
d) Work in pairs. Choose a letter or key from the keyboard and describe where it is. Do not say which key you have chosen. Use next to, above, below, between, on the right/left/top/bottom.
Listening
The Keyboard
a) Study this keyboard. The keys are in four sections. Can you name any of the sections?
b) Listen to this description of the keyboard in Task 2. Label each section of the diagram:
| a) … | b) … | c) … | d) … |
c) Study these statements about keys. The verbs in italics are in the Present simple. We use the Present simple to describe things which are always true:
This key moves the cursor down.
This key copies the screen display.
This key doesn't have a fixed function.
d) Look at the statements (1-7) and correct the ones which are wrong:
e.g.: This key moves the cursor down.
It doesn't move the cursor down. It moves the cursor up.
If you are not sure, ask another student:
e.g.:What does this key do?
       | This key moves the cursor down. This key moves the cursor to the right. This key inserts a character. This key copies the screen display. This key moves the screen up. This key doesn't have a fixed function. This key gives you all lower case letters. |
e) Using the information from the Listening on page 18, and in Task 7, describe what these keys do:
Reading
a) There is some more information about the keyboard layout:
Keyboard Symbols
The following chart displays the character symbols, name and Latin-1 number on a standard keyboard in their approximate position on the keyboard. Most characters from any Roman based language can be created on any computer using the American Standard Code for Information Interchange or ASCII. Most computers and software also recognized American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) formatting standards as well. View the entire ISO Latin -1 Character Set.
| ~ Tilde | ! Exclamation Point | @ At | # Number | $ Dollar | % Percent | ^ Caret | & Ampersand | * Asterisk | ( Open or Left Parenthesis | ) Close or Right Parenthesis | _ Underscore or Horizontal Bar | + Plus |
| ` Acute | - Dash or Hyphen | = Equals | ||||||||||
| { Open or Left Curly Brace | } Close or Right Curly Brace | |||||||||||
 | [ Open or Left Square Bracket | ] Close or Right Square Bracket | ||||||||||
| : Colon |