Read the article and put the correct expressions of obligation and permission into the gaps. Discuss the text.

cannot ride / will not marry / will dress / shall sweep /

may not visit / may not travel / must be / must be at horns

/ should command / can only keep

At the beginning of the 20^th century female teachers had a very restricted life. There was a set of "golden rules" that they had to abide by or risk instant dismissal. The rules were there to make sure teachers commanded authority and respect, but for women it meant sacrificing a lot of personal freedom. Nowa­days it seems quite incredible that such strict rules should be enforced on female teaching staff.

1. You ... during the term of your contract.

2. You ... company with other women.

3. You ... authority and respect from your pupils at all times.

4. You ... between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. unless attending a school function.

5. You ... ice-cream parlours at any time.

6. You ... in a carriage or automobile with any man unless he is your father or brother.

7. You ... the schoolroom floor at least once daily.

8. You ... in plain colours of grey or black and your dress ... no more than 1 inch above the ankles.

9. You ... beyond the city limits without the permission of the chairman of the board of school governors.

Test modal verbs

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	Don’t argue with her, you ___ her age.	Need respect	Have to respect	Ought to respect	Are to respect
	You ___ it long ago.	Must do	Should have done	Needn’t have done	Are to do
	This is serious; you ___ at it.	Haven’t to laugh	Should not laugh	Don’t have to laugh	Must not have laughed
	There ___ an interesting concert last night, but I didn’t feel well and ___ home.	Had to be/ had to stay	Should be/ was to stay	Must be/ ought to stay	Was to be/ had to stay
	According to the rules a football player ___ the ball with his hands.	Must not touch	Need not touch	Don’t have to touch	Must not have touched
	The situation was dangerous. You ___ frightened.	Should have got	Must have got	Have to get	Need have got
	We ___ to write and thank them for their hospitability.	Must not forget	Must not have forgotten	Shouldn’t forget	Don’t have to forget
	Why ___ I know where he is?	should	must	need	ought
	They ___ more polite.	Need have been	Should have been	Must have been	Are to have been
	You ___ so much noise or you’ll wake up the baby!	Must not make	Must not have made	Needn’t have made	Don’t have to make
	‘They ___ an excellent vacancy last week. You ____ an opportunity of getting it,’ he reproached me.	Had/ mustn’t	Have had/ might not have missed it	Had/ shouldn’t have missed	Were having/ couldn’t miss
	He had to earn ___ living at ___ an early, ____?	_____/ such/ hadn’t he	His/ such/ didn’t he	Himself/ so/ hadn’t he	To/ so/ didn’t he
	We ___ a camera because we never ___ a chance to use it.	Might not have taken/ had	Should not have taken/ have had	Needn’t have taken/ had	Mustn’t have taken/ had had
	The line is busy; someone ____ on the phone now.	Should be speaking	Should have been speaking	Must be speaking	Can’t be speaking
	You ___ this! See how ___ she is.	Ought not to say/ distressing	Ought not to have said/ distressed	Won’t be able to say/ distressing	Cannot have said/ distressed
	He says that nothing ___, because it is too late. But I don’t believe a single word of his; they ___ us.	Should do/ mustn’t have failed	Can’t be done/ oughtn’t fail	Mustn’t be done/ shouldn’t have failed	Can be done/ can’t have failed
	I managed to come here at half past six. But I ___. They ___.	Needn’t have hurried/ had already left	Needn’t hurry/ have already left	Mustn’t have hurried/ had already left	Shouldn’t hurry/ have already left
	If she doesn’t take care of herself, she ___ have a nervous breakdown and ___ to hospital.	May/ should go	Can/ need to go	May/ may have to go	Must/ must go
	He ___ his wallet himself, it ___	Might lose/ couldn’t be stolen	May have lost/ can’t have been stolen	Could have lost/ must not have been stolen	Ought to lose/ shouldn’t be stolen
	You ___ a message at least! We ___ for two hours.	Should send/ waited	Must have sent/ were waiting	Could send/ have been waiting	Might have sent/ had been waiting
	The only trouble is that I ___ my exams in spring and ___ them now.	Couldn’t have taken/ must have	Couldn’t take/ must have	Mustn’t have taken/ must have had	Can’t take/ must have had
	The plane ___ at 5 a.m. and in this hurry-scurry she ___ the tickets on the table.	Had to take off/ can leave	Was to take off/ must have left	Was to take off/ needn’t leave	Must have taken off/ shouldn’t leave
	Why ___ he take the scandal on himself? It is not ___.	Must/ fairly	May/ fair	should/ fair	could/ fairly
	You ___ to him. His information is ___.	Shouldn’t listen/ misled	Needn’t have listened/ misleading	Can’t have listened/ misled	Mustn’t have listened/ misleading
	It is not worth ___to bed if he ___ at five.	To go/ have to get up	Going/ must have got up	To have gone/ is to get up	Going/ doesn’t have to get up
	They have made me ___ that I ___ selfish about it.	Think/ may have been	To think/ must be	Thinking/ might have been	Thought/ should have been
	It ___ late when I ___; there were no people in the street.	Must have been/ was going back	Must be/ am going	Can’t have been/ was going	Couldn’t have been/ went
	You ___ worry, you ___ always rely on me in this matter.	Must not/ need	Need not/ may	Can/ need not	Should/ must
	You ___ this device. It ___ dangerous.	Couldn’t have touched/ may be	Must not touch/ may be	Shouldn’t have touched/ ought to be	Needn’t touch/ must have been
	I ___ my job. I ___ you before.	Needn’t have put off/ should ask	Shouldn’t have put off/ need to ask	Needn’t have put off/ should have asked	Shouldn’t put off/ should ask