Extractive policies, fiscal policy, industrial policy, monetary policy, political economy

Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the list above.

1)______the degree to which a government or state is able to implement its policies

2)______all those organizations outside of government and commercial arenas which provide avenues of public participation in society

3)______in a parliamentary system, the concept that all cabinet members agree on policy decisions and that all will be responsible for the results

4)_______a government's decisions and actions, which define goals and methods for the manufacturing sectors of an economy

5)______domestic government policies affecting interest rates and the supply of money available within an economy

6)______the interaction of political and economic systems and policy making of a state

7)government efforts to gather valuable resources for public use (i.e. taxes)

8)government decisions about total public spending and revenue that result in budgetary deficits or surpluses

9)______a political culture in which citizens widely share a belief in the legitimacy of their regime and a trust in the government; therefore the citizens demonstrate restraint in their demands on the government

10) comparison between the value of exports and the value of imports for a nation-state; usually figured by subtracting the value of imports from the value of exports (positive means that exports were worth more than imports; negative means that the value of imports exceeded the value of exports)

11) the result of government spending in any one fiscal year exceeding the government revenue in that year (national debt is the total of yearly deficits)

2. Search for the key wordsthe priority directions in development of a republic from the internet. Then translate them into Kazakh/Russian languages.

Translate the following text according to the theme into Kazakh/Russian.

These priorities served as a basis for building country’s development plans for medium-term and long-term periods. The Strategic plan for development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until the year 2010, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan in December, 2001 became the first long-term stage of implementation of the "Kazakhstan-2030" Strategy. The next stage of implementation of the "Kazakhstan-2030" Strategy is the Strategic plan for development of the Republic of Kazakhstan until the year 2020.

GRAMMAR ZONE

Read the text about GEOGRAPHIES OF GLOBALIZATION.

Globalization, its meaning and conceptual value, has long been contested within human geography. As probably the most fashionable concept of the 1990s and now the new millennium, the rhetoric surrounding academic and media uses of the term ‘globalization’, make it easy to lose sight of its multifarious meanings. As Dicken (2004) argues, globalization is inherently geographical. Understanding globalization as a process requires us to consider the way space, place and time are configured and reconfigured as a result of contemporary changes in technological, economic and political practices. For Taylor et al. (2002), this is why ‘geography and globalization’ are so intimately related: all processes of globalization have geographical dimensions. They expand on this idea in three further ways: • The ‘geography in globalization’. • The ‘geography of globalization’. Processes of globalization create new geographical patterns of flows and activity. For example, the New International Division of Labour reconfigures both the geography of manufacturing activities, but also, as a side-effect, geographies of uneven development, poverty and wealth. • ‘Geography for and against globalization’. Needless to say the concept of globalization has caused great debate within human geography and many other social sciences. But why do geographers have so much to say about globalization, good, bad or indifferent?

GLOBALIZATION: INTERCONNECTED WORLDS of globally interconnected, shrinking world many associate with globalization (Allen and Hamnett, 1995). Together, these different actors mean the interconnection between places has increased in recent times as a ‘space of flows’ has emerged that many suggest was unparalleled in previous eras (Castells, 2000; Thrift, 2002). In the following sections we examine two case studies of different forms and impacts of globalization: in economic globalization, the phenomenon of offshoring and call centres; and in cultural globalization, the transnationality of commodity cultures. Throughout these we draw attention to the geography in and of globalization, and the changing processes that have produced new forms of interconnected worlds. In the conclusions, we then reflect critically upon these discussions and consider why such examples have led to debates between those for and against suggestions that we live in a newly globalized world.

2. Find out where are an independent words are shaded or not. Prove your answer.

Make your own sentences according to independent clause.

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