Insurance, to drop, labour, productivity, counterproductive, charity, paternalistic, self-interested, bureaucracy, to administer

1. That precedent will be both dangerous and … in the long run.

2. Instead, the state is licensed to use a … tyranny over people who need public income support if they are deemed employable.

3. The majority of migrant workers earn their living in the city by doing manual … .

4. Many new borrowers take out … against unemployment or sickness.

5. For example, rising population pressure and falling agricultural … may lead to land disputes.

6. Who will … the department's business?

7. The … provides practical help for homeless people.

8. Many things in India are complex because of massive … , protocol and procedure.

9. The fire had started when she fell asleep and … her cigarette.

10. Many groups pursue … aims.

Skim the text to answer the questions.

1. How did early conservatives feel about social insurance?

2. Why did Karl Marx oppose social welfare?

3. Welfare state is a step towards socialism, isn’t it?

4. What is the purpose of the modern welfare state?

Summarize the main idea of the text in 8-10 sentences.

TEST

I. Choose the correct alternative to fill in the gap. Only one answer is correct.

1. Florence always … notes in a red pencil.

a) makes

b) make

c) have made

d) are making

2. The teacher … English now.

a) have spoken

b) speak

c) is speaking

d) speaks

3. The postman will come to the village if the weather … fine.

a) are

b) have been

c) is

d) will be

4. Oh,dear! I … his name.

a) has forget

b) forgets

c) have forgotten

d) was forgotten

5. The floor … last year.

a) will be painted

b) was painted

c) have been painted

d) has been painted

6. George told me he … ill for a month.

a) is

b) was

c) has been

d) had been

7. I am afraid I … help you.

a) can’t

b) be able to

c) is able to

d) won’t be able

8. Mother … dinner when I came.

a) has cooked

b) will cook

c) had cooked

d) cooks

9. I don’t have any stamps. I … go to the post office.

a) can

b) could

c) must

d) had to

10. There … a lot of snow in the country.

a) is

b) were

c) shall be

d) are

11. Can … answer my question?

a) anyone

b) anything

c) somebody

d) everything

12. The video is larger than … .

a) yours

b) her

c) their

d) him

13. February is the … month in the year.

a) shorter

b) more shorter

c) shortest

d) short

14. The radio is so … that I can’t hear you.

a) loudly

b) loud

c) more loud

d) silently

15. I’ll be back … half an hour.

a) at

b) for

c) in

d) till

16. Before… the room, Kate turned off the radio.

a) leave

b) leaving

c) was leaving

d) left

17. They knew Alec would be late … the train.

a) to

b) at

c) for

d) with

18. You are not going to leave me, … you?

a) are

b) aren’t

c) will

d) won’t

19. The special question to the sentence “Our sportsmen won a lot of gold medals at the Olympic Games” is

a) What did our sportsmen win at the Olympic Games?

b) What did our sportsmen won at the Olympic Games?

c) What medals did our sportsmen won at the Olympic Games?

d) What our sportsmen won at the Olympic Games?

20. The general question to the sentence “Ann agreed to go with us” is

a) Does Ann agree to go with us?

b) Did Ann agree to go with us?

c) Ann agreed to go with us?

d) Agreed Ann to go with us?

II. Choose the correct alternatives to fill in the gaps. Two answers are correct for each sentence.

1. Welfare state is synonymous with

a) paternalistic policy

b) socialism

c) social insurance

d) egalitarism

2. Malthus believed that what the poor had to learn was

a) chastity

b) honesty

c) politeness

d) self-control

3. The most industrially developed areas of th USA are

a) the Southeast

b) the Northeast

c) the Southwest

d) the Northwest

4. Agriculture

a) is underdeveloped in the US

b) produces high-technology goods

c) supplies raw materials to many industries

d) feeds the nation

5. Power can be synonymous with

a) supply

b) authority

c) state

d) demand

III. a) Make a report on the Nordic welfare state model.

B) Find and study the statistics on the present-day American economics. Speak about the main economic trends in the US.

C) Make up a dialogue discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the welfare state.

D) Prepare a panel discussion on the topic “Welfare state: a step towards socialism?”.

E) Write a balanced essay on the topic “The paternalistic state policy – pros and cons”.

UNIT V

CHOOSING A CAREER

Job Hunting

When you are looking for a job, it is advisable not to put all your eggs in one basket: the more applications you make, the better your chances of findings the right job.

Contact as many prospective employers as possible, either by writing, telephoning, or calling them in person, depending on the type of vacancy. Whatever job you are looking for, it is important to market yourself correctly and appropriately, which depends on the type of job you are after.

When you are writing for a job, address your letter to the personnel director or manager and include your curriculum vitae (CV), and copies of all references and qualifications.

So, your method of job hunting will depend on your particular circumstances, qualifications, and experience and the sort of job you are looking for.

We advise you to do the following:

- Visit a local job centre. This is for non-professional skilled and unskilled jobs, particular in industry, retailing and catering.

- Check the Internet job service and other bulletin boards. The Internet has hundreds of sites for job seekers.

- Obtain copies of daily newspapers, most of which have “Positions Vacant” sections.

- Put an advertisement in the “Situations Wanted” section of a newspaper.

- Network, which means to get together with like-minded people to discuss business, and it is a popular way of making business and professional contacts. It can be particularly successful for executives, managers, and professionals when job hunting.

- Ask relatives, friends, or acquaintances if they know of an employer looking for someone with your experience and qualifications.

- Apply in person to different companies.

Vocabulary

job hunting	поиск работы
look for	искать
application	заявление
employer	работодатель
in person	лично
depend on	зависеть от
market yourself	продавать себя, рекламировать
appropriately	должным образом
personnel director	директор по персоналу
include	включать
curriculum vitae	резюме, краткая автобиография
reference	рекомендация
circumstances	обстоятельства
experience	опыт
advise	советовать
unskilled jobs	неквалифицированный труд
retailing	розничная торговля
catering	обслуживающий сектор
сheck	проверять
bulletin boards	информационная доска
job seekers	соискатель работы
obtain	получать
advertisement	реклама
network	завязывать связи, знакомства
like-minded	единомышленник
successful	успешный
executive	руководитель
relatives	родственники
acquaintances	знакомые
apply	подавать заявление
different	различный

Vocabulary exercises

1. Which of the following statements are true/false according to the text? Correct the false sentences:

1. The more applications you make when you are looking for a job, the better your chances of findings the right job
2. Contact as many prospective employees as possible, either by writing, telephoning, or calling them in person, depending on the type of vacancy.
3. Address your letter to the personnel director or manager and include your resume, and copies of all references and qualifications.
4. Local job centre is for non-professional skilled and unskilled jobs, particular in industry, retailing and catering.
5. Check the Internet job service and other information boards.
6. Obtain copies of weekly and daily newspapers.
7. Network is a popular way of making business and professional contacts.
8. Apply in person to various companies.
9. “Positions Vacant” and “Situations Wanted” are the names of famous newspapers.
10. Relatives, friends, or acquaintances can find you the job you are looking for.

2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:

1. Whatever job you are looking _____, it is important to market yourself correctly and _____, which depends on the type of job you are after.

2. Address your letter to the personnel director or manager and include your _____ (CV), and copies of all _____ and qualifications.

3. Your method of _____ hunting will depend on your particular _____, qualifications, and experience.

4. The Internet has hundreds of sites for job _____.

5. It can be particularly _____ for executives, managers, and professionals when job hunting.

6. Ask relatives, friends, or acquaintances if they know of an _____ looking for someone with your _____ and qualifications.

7. Put an _____ in the “Situations Wanted” _____ of a newspaper.

8. We _____ you to do the following.

9. When you are looking for a job, it is _____ not to put all your eggs in one basket.

10. Check the Internet _____ service and other bulletin boards.

3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:

реклама
рекомендация
краткая автобиография
обслуживающий сектор
непрофессиональный
квалифицированный
центр занятости
правильно
потенциальный
ежедневный