Oversee (v) - oversaw ; - overseen

to ~ all the company's advertising; to be overseen by environmental experts

assist (v)

to ~ at her first operation; to ~ with the editing of a manuscript; to be ~ ed at dinner

assistance (n)

to render (give, offer, provide) ~ ; considerable/great ~ ; economic/financial ~ ; legal ~ ; public ~ ; to be of considerable ~ to us; any ~ will be gratefully received

assistant (n)

teaching ~

probation (n)

to be on ~

interfere (v)

to ~ in smth; to ~ with our plans; their interests were very little ~ed.

interference (n)

unwarranted ~

justify (v)

to ~ science in the eyes of the nation; to ~ (as) bail; to ~ an assertion

require (v)

to be ~-ed to go there; to ~ that everyone attend/should attend the meeting; it ~s careful consideration; hard work will be ~ed of students; the house ~s painting

requirement (n)

flexible (adj)

a ~ schedule

flexibility (n)

to demonstrate, show ~ ; to have enough ~

complain (v)

to ~ of a headache; to ~ about that boy; to ~ to the boy's mother

complaint (n)

top (n)

to come/rise to the ~ ; •• to be/sit on ~ of the worldto be at the ~ of the ladder/tree

top (adj)

the ~ floor; ~ value; ~ form; one of the world's ~ journalists •• top secret

top (v)

bottom (n)

at the ~ of the page; to go to the ~ ; to stand on one's own ~ ; to get (down) to/at the ~ of

bottom (adj)

the ~ step; ~ price

treat (v)

to ~ with reverence; to ~ upon the subject •• treat as; treat for

treat (n)

the usual ~ ; to promise a ~

believe (v)

we soon ~ what we desire; ~ it or not; to ~ firmly, sincerely, strongly; mistakenly ~ ; to ~ in early rising, I ~ so

belief (n)

to express a ~ ; to hold to a ~; to shake one's ~ ; to give up one's ~ ; erroneous/false/mistaken ~ ; firm/strong/unshakable ~ ; popular/prevalent ~ ; to the best of my ~

obscure (adj)

misty and ~ day; an ~ poet; an ~ country village

obscure (v)

entrepreneur (n)

an independent ~ ; a private ~

affect (v)

shouting ~s the voice; to ~ smb. deeply, profoundly, strongly, to be ~ed by influenza

affect (n)

Vocabulary Exercises

Ex. 1. Which words can you derive from the following:

1) appoint 2) identify 3) supervise   4) initiate 5) assist 6) interfere 7) just 8) complain 9) believe

10) obscure 11) treat 12) ignore   13) flexible 14) require 15) lead 16) affect 17) effect 18) top

Ex.2. Complete the following sentences using a word derivationally related to the word given in brackets:

1) Any organisation is a system of roles in which rights and obligations of each employee are clearly … . (identification)

2) Political executives are political … in most cases. (appointment)

3) This is the political executive who … , shapes, promotes, and oversees policy changes. (initiative)

4) The work of professionals … considerable autonomy and … . (requirement, flexible)

5) Nonprofessionals are evaluated by their immediate … , while the work of professionals is evaluated by peer review of their colleagues. (supervision)

6) People often … that public bureaucrats … them like a number and … unique problems and circumstances. (complaint, treatment, ignorance)

7) Street-level bureaucrats … can affect their work with clients. (believe)

8) The role of policy entrepreneurs … strategic planning, political activism, and conceptual … . (requirement, lead)

Ex.3. Match the words to their definitions:

1) appoint 2) complain 3) treat 4) supervise 5) initiate 6) assist 7) interfere 8) ignore 9) bottom, n 10) flexible 11) top, n 12) demand, v

a) to help b) to deal with c) to give someone job as… d) to grumble because something is wrong e) to start something going f) to watch over work, to see that it is well done g) not to notice (on purpose) h) to meddle, to get involved i) to ask insistently for something j) highest point k) lowest point l) adaptable

Ex. 4. What's the English for:

1) требовать (что-либо от кого-либо 2) назначать на должность 3) приступать (к чему-либо), вводить в курс дела 4) помогать, содействовать кому-либо 5) вмешиваться, быть помехой

6) гибкий, легко приспосабливаемый 7) жаловаться на что-либо 8) главный, ведущий 9) нижний, последний 10) вести себя по отношению к кому-либо/чему-либо 11) перенапряжение 12) ведущая роль

Ex. 5. Translate into English:

1) Права и обязанности сотрудников организации всегда четко определены.

2) Эффективность работы организации, в первую очередь, зависит от персонала, его профессионализма и гибкости.

3) Как правило, каждый сотрудник выполняет не одну, а несколько ролей в организации.

4) Организация представляет собой иерархию, на которой располагаются определенные должностные лица и сотрудники.

5) Часто люди жалуются, что бюрократы в государственных организациях не принимают во внимание их проблемы и обстоятельства.

6) Юрист может отказаться в такой ситуации, когда ему придется отменить назначенную встречу с клиентом из-за болезни ребенка.

Ex.6. Make up situations using the following words and word combinations:

A 1) to perform a role 2) source of stress and overload 3) to demand 4) appointment 5) to neglect 6) to identify (rights and obligations) 7) top 8) bottom

В 1) to require (individual attention) 2) to complain 3) to treat 4) to ignore (problems) 5) supervision 6) flexible 7) public 8) private

B. Pre-reading Exercises

Ex. 1. Look at the heading of the text and predict the contents of it.