The University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University or Cambridge) is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world (after the University of Oxford), and the seventh-oldest globally. In post-nominals the university's name is abbreviated as Cantab, a shortened form of Cantabrigiensis (an adjective derived from Cantabrigia, the Latinised form of Cambridge).The university grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge that was formed in 1209, early records suggest, by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk. The two "ancient universities" have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a historic part of British society, they have a long history of rivalry with each other.

Cambridge is a collegiate university, meaning that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its own property and income. Most colleges bring together academics and students from a broad range of disciplines, and within each faculty, school or department within the university, academics from many different colleges will be found.

Teaching involves a mixture of lectures, organised by the university departments, and supervisions, organised by the colleges. (Science subjects also involve laboratory sessions, organised by the departments.) The relative importance of these methods of teaching varies according to the needs of the subject. Supervisions are typically weekly hour-long sessions in which small groups of students (usually between one and three) meet with a member of the teaching staff or with a doctoral student. Students are normally required to complete an assignment in advance of the supervision, which they will discuss with the supervisor during the session, along with any concerns or difficulties they have had with the material presented in that week's lectures. The assignment is often an essay on a subject set by the supervisor, or a problem sheet set by the lecturer. Depending on the subject and college, students might receive between one and four supervisions per week. This pedagogical system is often cited as being unique to Cambridge and Oxford (where "supervisions" are known as "tutorials").

Cambridge ranks first in the world in both the 2010 and 2011. Graduates of the University have won a total of 65 Nobel Prizes, the most of any university in the world. In 2009, the marketing consultancy World Brand Lab rated Cambridge University as the 50th most influential brand in the world, and the 4th most influential university brand, behind only Harvard, MIT and Stanford University.

Grammar: TYPES OF QUESTIONS (типи запитань)

За типом питання і необхідною відповіддю на нього в англійській мові виділяють такі типи питальних речень:

	General/ Yes/no questions (загальні)	Special questions (спеціальні)	Alternative questions (альтернат.)	Disjunctive questions (розділові)
Present Simple	1) DO ── ===? DOES ── ==X? Do you work? Does she work/have it? 2) Am/Is/Are/ Can/Must/ May ── ===? Is he a friend? Can you go there? 3) Have/Has ──? Has she a dog?	1) До підмета/його означення: Who/What ===S? Whose/Which ── ===(S)? Who swimS? Who can swim? Which boy plays tennis? 2) До всіх інших членів речення: What, Which, Whose (+ додаток) Who(m), How, When, Where, Why + DO/DOES ── ===X? What do you read?	1) Do/Does ── === ХOR …? Does she speak orsing? 2) What … + Do/Does ── === …OR…? Where do you study: in Lviv or in Kharkiv?	1) ── ===(-s/ -es) …, do/does/ can/is/have/ has + NOT──? He swims, doesn't he? 2) ── do/does NOT ===X (NOT) …, do/ does/can/am/is /are/has/have──? You can't do it, can you?
Present Continuous	1) Am/Is/Are ── ===-ing? Is he sitting? Are you talking about it?	1) До підмета/його означення: Who/What IS ===-ing? Whose/Which ── Is/Are ===-ing? Who (they're) is sitting? 2) До всіх інших членів речення: What/Whose/Which (+ додаток)/Who(m)/How/When/Where/Why + AM/IS/ARE ── ===-ing? Where is he sitting?	1) Am/Is/ Are ── ===-ing OR …? Is he sitting orflying? 2) What … + Am/Is/Are ─ ===-ing OR …? Where is he sitting: here orthere?	1) ── Am/Is/Are ===-ing …, Am/Is/Are + NOT──? He is sitting, isn't he? 2) ── Am/Is/Are NOT ===-ing …, Am/Is/Are──? He isn't sitting, is he?

Спеціальні питання

Питання до окремих членів речення називаються спеціальними. Вони починаються словами who, what, where, why, how тощо. Питання можуть ставитися до різних членів речення.

1. Питання до різних членів речення, окрім підмета;

Питальне слово	Допоміжне дієслово	Підмет	Смислове дієслово	Доповнення
Where	do	you	live?
How	does	he	study	English?
What	is	he	doing	now?
Where	are	they	running?

Питання до підмета.

У спеціальних питаннях, які відносяться до підмета, порядок слів такий же, як і в розповідному пропозиції. Якщо питальне слово є підметом, то після нього, як і в розповідному реченні, ставиться присудок:

Питальне слово	Присудок	Підмет	Додаток
Who	works	-	here?
Who	likes	-	oranges?
What	is happening?	-
Who	is teaching	-	this class?

Якщо питальне слово є визначенням підмета, то після нього одразу ставиться підмет, а потім присудок.

3. Спеціальні питання зі словом what. Вживаються наступні поєднання зі словом what:

What color is your car?
What colors are his eyes?
What time is it?
What size is your shirt?
What kind of job / What sort of job / What type of job is it?
What make is your TV set?
What day is it today?

What може вживатися без іменника:

What is your name?
What is his address?
What is her favorite color?

4. Спеціальні питання зі словом how.