Suggested topics for self-testing and class discussion

1. The monosemantic/referential meaning of the source lan­guage units and principles of their faithful translation.

2. Give examples of hierarchically higher language units which are translated in the target language with the help of language units of lower language level.

3. Enumerate all possible ways of expressing the meaning of the source language compounds in the target language.

4. Point out the possible difference between the ways of trans­lating sense units at language level (out of context) and their transla­tion at speech level (when used in a contextual environment).

5. Identify the role of the source language context in the se­mantic discrimination and faithful translation of sense units missing or having no corresponding lexical equivalents in the English, Ukrai­nian or bilingual dictionaries.

6. Enumerate all known to you and possible ways of conveying the evaluative and expressive meanings of the source language words/ sense units in the target language.

7. Name the obligatory steps, which have to be observed before starting a written or oral translation/interpretation of a source language passage/work.

8. Prove the necessity of linguistic/semantic, historical, cul­tural, etc. inquiries/investigations of the passage/work prior to or in the process of its rendering into the target language.

9. Argue for or against the need for making a list of synony­mous contextual equivalents/substitutions or difficult/interesting syn­tactic constructions of the target language in the process of translat­ing the source language passage/work.

10. List and explain the requirements, which are necessary for a faithful expression/translation of stylistically marked elements of the source language passage/work to achieve a high quality translation.

11. Identify the most common features of the belles-lettres or publicistic/newspaper style texts and name the ways of their faithful expression/rendering in the target language.

" "1 1 Ill.. Willi

EXERCISES FOR CLASS AND HOMEWORK

Exercise I. Each block of sentences below contains a polysemantic noun, verb or adjective in bold type. Offer a cor­responding Ukrainian equivalent - word, word-group or sen­tence to substitute them semantically and then translate each block of sentences into Ukrainian.

1. I'm going to put upthe notice on Saturday. (S.Maugham) Praed comes in from the inner room putting uphis handkerchief which he has been using. (B.Shaw) I mustn't be upset. It will put upmy temperature. (D.Defoe) What did it cost to put upthose columns. (J.Galsworthy) 2. Lawrence Hadley ranthe photographic department. (A. Cronin) In her mind were runningscenes of the play. (T. Dreiser) After a few minutes he settled himself at his desk to run throughthe rest of his mail. (A.Cronin) Although she kept her head down she felt the blood run intoher face. (Ibid.) «I happened to run intotheir Mr. Smith the other day.» (Ibid.) «I thought I'd run downfor an hour. Am I a nuisance?» (Ibid.) I decided to give up runningfor governor. (Mark Twain) The Board is no more run as before (K.Post) 3. Listen, chil­dren, I'm going out. If you finish your work, carry onwith exercises I gave you. (P.Abrahams) Only fancy if he has a dear little boy to carrythe family on.(J.Galsworthy) Well, all through the circus they did the most astonishing things, and all the time that clown carried onso. (Mark Twain) 4. She realized that hers (life) was not to be a roundpleasure. (T. Dreiser) The fact that work of any kind was offered after so rude a roundof experience was gratifying. Her imagination trod a very narrow round.It would be an exceedingly gloomy round,living with these people. (Ibid.) 5. «Is that all you're worrying about? About what's on my mind?»(M.Wilson) Here he was with only a casual acquaintance to keep his mindfrom himself. «No, I've changed my mind,I'm the paragon of husbandry again. She clearly had no idea how outstanding a mindshe really had.» (M.Wilson) The thoughtful serious state of mindin which Mary found herself had been unclouded in her by a conversation she had with her father the evening before. (S. Anderson) 6. He forgot the presence of the farmer and his mindracked back over his life as a married man. (Ibid.) 7. «Who's speak­ing?» he asked mildly conscious of error on his part.(T.Dreiser) Some noise was heard, but no one entered the library for the best partof an

hour. (W.Scott) She was part and parcelof his soul. This to him (Drouet) represented in part high life- a fair sample of what the whole life must be. (T.Dreiser) 8. Too much of a thingis good for nothing. (Proverb) «You know there's one thingI thoroughly believe in,» she said, «but I never eat more than one thingfor luncheon». Then a terrible thinghappened. (S. Maugham) «Well, John, how are things?»(A.Bennett) He was satisfied with the most things,and above all other things,with himself. (C. Dickens) «.. .what a wonder­ful thingthat I am here.» (Ibid.) It is one thingto show a man that he is in an error and another to put him in possession of truth. (J.Locke) All thingscome round to him who will but wait. (H.Longfellow) 9. Keeping his backturned, he left the doorway and straddled a chair in a corner of the kitchen. If Uncle Dave will live here, we could build another room on the back.They shook hands, with Jim Nelson's backturned to the room. (J.Galsworthy) 10. Keepthese two books as long as you wish. (S.Leacock) I shall always keepthis dollar. «Well,» said the doctor, «I want you to keep very quiet.»(Ibid.) In the winter it should be keptin a warm place, where it can hatch out its young. (Mark Twain) This didn't keepthe neighbours from talking plainly among themselves. (K.Porter) «You needn't keep onsaying it round,» said Mr. Whipple. (Ibid.) June keeps after meall the time to tell her about what Uncle Dave is like. He kept his eyes fixedon his father's face. There was no medal for the Nelsons to keep,only a reddish-brown photograph taken in London. (J.Galsworthy) 11. Alice, having fully consideredthe matter, thought it most prudent to write to Lady M. You ought not to considerpoverty a crime.(Ch. Bronte) Con­siderour hands! They are strong hands. (P.Jones) You consideryour own affairs, and don't know so much about other people's. (D. La­wrence) 12. Fox introduced Erik to French and Larkin, two other as­sistants who had withdrawn toa corner to talk shop. The March night madehim withdrawhis overcoat. She wanted to withdrawfrom the people around her. Erik took advantage of this opportunity to withdraw fromthe project for the while. At last one third of those who had once been willing to sign the petition to the Board of Trust­ees now asked that their names be withdrawn.(M. Wilson) 13. Davon had said that he was recaptured and as he lay on the ground Adair hit him with a club.(F. News) The game is played with a ball the size of a tennis ball and a clubthat's a little shorter than for ice-hockey and a slightly bent at the end. (Sports News) The chess

clubalso meets once a week after school and is run by a teacher who is very keen on chess (Ibid.) They clubbedat Kain's who re­sided at the Statler Hilton Hotel, to talk on politics, to settle their affairs. (F. News) 14. Erik couldn't remove his eyes from Haveland's fair head.Erik turned: a fair slight girlin black suit stood next to him. He realized that he was greatly unfair.«It wasn't fairof you,» said Haveland. «But no one could say he hadn't been fair,»he in­sisted angrily. (M.Wilson) Fair playmust be observed not only at the All-European level. (K.Post) 15. So long asMary lived beside that monstrous man, and in that monstrous house he realised that he would never be at rest. She could endure anything so long ashe took her to him in the end. A long silenceensued, then the sound re­turned swelling in from the distant hills more loudly. No matter what happened she must live for Denis in the long run. Long agoshe had realized with a crushing finality that she was chained to a man of domineering injustice. (A. Cronin)