The communicative theory of political system of K.Dojch

Transition of the developed countries to the information technology, led to mass introduction of computer technics in various spheres of ability to live of a society, promoted use in the analysis of social systems of mechanistic models. The cybernetics marked similarity between behaviour of the person and "behaviour" of the car. Similarity of their models poveдения it is caused by that самоорганизующиеся systems possess ability independently to react to the information, changing the behaviour or an arrangement. If changes are effective also system achieves the object, a part of its energy, or internal pressure, usually decreases. Efficiency of action of system depends on two variables: information transfer and feeders of the commands directing and supervising actions.

To the first the American political scientist K.Dojch (1912) has assimilated political system to the cybernetic car. It considered political system in a context of "the communication approach» at which the policy was understood as managerial process and coordination of efforts of people on achievement of objects in view. The formulation of the purposes and their correction are carried out by political system on the basis of the information on position of a society and its relation to the given purposes; about distance which remains to the purpose; about results of the previous actions.

Hence, functioning of political system depends on quality of a constant stream of the information arriving from environment, and the information on its own movement. On the basis of two streams of the information the political decisions assuming the subsequent actions on a way to the required purpose are made. Therefore K.Dojch's management assimilated to process of piloting ("driving"): course definition (for example, the ship) on the basis of the information on its movement in the past and a site now in relation to the planned purpose.

Political system as the mechanism of the organisation and power functioning in a society

The mechanism of functioning of political system

The exchange of resources and interaction of political system with Wednesday are carried out by a principle «an input - an exit».

D.Iston distinguished two types of "input": requirements and support. The requirement can be defined as the opinion turned to imperious bodies concerning desirable or undesirable distribution of values in a society. D.Iston allocated following kinds of requirements: distributive (about a salary and working hours, about conditions of reception of formation, medical and other services); adjusting (about maintenance of public safety, control over the manufacturer and the market etc.); communicative (about granting on литической information, on use of political force etc.). Requirements tend to weaken political system.

Fig. 8.1. The mechanism of functioning of political system

Support means strengthening of political system. It covers all positions and the variants of behaviour favorable for system. Forms of display of support are rather various: serviceable payment of taxes, soldier's duty performance, respect of the imperious

Structure of political system

The political system as it was already marked, consists of subsystems which are interconnected with each other and provide functioning of the public power. Various researchers name different quantity of such subsystems, however they can be grouped in a functional sign.

Institutional subsystem

The institutional subsystemincludes the state, political parties, social and economic both public organisations and relations between them which in aggregate form the political organisation of a society. The central place in this subsystem belongs to the state. Concentrating in the

Hands the majority of resources, possessing monopoly for lawful violence, the state has the greatest possibilities of influence on the various parties of public life. Compulsion of decisions of the state for citizens allow it to give to social changes expediency, a rationality, orientation to expression of valid interests. However it is not necessary to belittle and a role of political parties, groups of the interests, which influence on the government it is very great. The church and the mass media possessing ability have special value it is essential to influence process of formation of public opinion. With its help they can put pressure upon the government, leaders.

Fig. 8.2. Structure of political system

Standard subsystem

The standard subsystemincludes legal, political, moral standards and values, traditions, customs. Through them the political system renders регулятивное influence on activity of institutes, behaviour of citizens.

Functional subsystem

Functional subsystemare methods of political activity, ways of realisation of the power. It makes a basis of the political mode which activity is directed on obes -

Baking of functioning, transformation and protection of the mechanism of realisation of the power in a society.

Communicative subsystem

The communicative subsystemincludes all forms of political interaction as in system (for example, between institutes of the state and political parties), and with political systems of other states.