Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и словосочетаниям

1) уголовные преступления

2) более суровые наказания

3) возраст правонарушителя

4) приговор, предусматривающий пожизненное тюремное заклю-чение

5) представители органов правопорядка

6) Уголовно-исполнительный кодекс

7) отсрочка тюремного заключения

8) приговорить к пробации

9) отбывать наказание

10) условное освобождение

11) рост преступности

12) задержание, заключение под стражу

13) лишение свободы

14) потерпевший

15) незначительное правонарушение

16) соблюдать приказ

17) тюрьма открытого типа (неохраняемая)

18) прошлая судимость

19) оглашение приговора

Прочитайте и соотнесите виды наказания (1—12) с их определени-ями (a—l) и дайте их перевод.

Виды наказаний

1.	fine	7.	corporal punishment
2.	capital punishment	8.	house arrest
3.	jail	9.	suspended sentence
4.	parole	10.	community service
5.	imprisonment	11.	prison
6.	probation	12.	prison cell
Определения
a	Physical punishment, such as flogging or beating.
b	A place for long-term incarceration for a crime.
c	A place of confinement for time periods longer than those usual for
	a police station lock-up and shorter than those usual for a prison.
d	A special place where a convicted person serves his sentence.
e	A release from prison, before a sentence is finished, that depends
	on the person ‚keeping clean‘ and doing what he or she is sup-
	posed to do while out. If the person fails to meet the conditions,
	the rest of the sentence must be served.
f	A sum of money exacted as a penalty by a court of law or other
	authority.
g	A sentence (usually‚ jail time‘) that the judge allows the convicted
	person to avoid serving (e.g. if the person continues on good
	behaviour, completes community service, etc.).
h	Unpaid work, intended to be of social use, that an offender is re-
	quired to do instead of going to prison.
i	The state of being kept as a prisoner in one’s own house, rather
	than in a prison.
j	The most severe of all sentences: that of death. Also known as the
	death penalty.
k	The sentencing of a criminal to a period of time during which they
	will be deprived of their freedom.
l	A kind of punishment given out as part of a sentence, which means
	that instead of jailing a person convicted of a crime, a judge will
	order that the person reports to an officer regularly and according
	to a set schedule.

Прочитайте текст Purposes of Punishment и озаглавьте каждый абзац, используя слова, данные в рамке. Переведите текст.

rehabilitation retribution deterrence

TEXT 2

PURPOSES OF PUNISHMENT

1. The purpose of punishment means that the sentence should be designed to deter people from committing offences for fear of the consequences. These days, more and more sentences are designed to ensure that the offender is made aware of the harm he has done. Steps are also taken in appropriate cases to ensure that the offender understands the full effect of the harm he has caused, and apologizes to the victim for it.

2. The purpose means that the sentence should, wherever possible, take into account the personal circumstances of the defendant and look to his future. A large number of offenders need treatment rather than punishment. Many offenders who are mentally ill, or who are addicted to alcohol or dan-gerous drugs, are not sent to prison, but are ordered to receive treatment in hospitals or drug rehabilitation centers. Punishment may be designed to re-form and rehabilitate the wrongdoer so that they will not commit the offenсe again. This kind of punishment should not be confused with deterrence, the goal here is to change the offender’s attitude to what they have done, and make them come to accept that their behaviour was wrong.

3. The purpose means that the punishment should in some way pay the offender back for the harm he has done. Firstly, this will give satisfaction to the victim. Some would dearly like to get their own back in an act of ven-geance. They must not do this. A victim of crime must never “take the law into his own hands”. If that were acceptable there would be even more vio-lence and public disorder. Secondly, it is the way in which the public as a whole can show their feelings of disapproval for the crime and the offender who committed it.