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Selecting Your CV Format

To get yourself noticed it is important to use a CV format which will represent you in the jobs market in the best way. There are a number of ways of laying out a CV, but these can be reduced to 5 basic examples: Chronological CV, Functional CV, Performance CV (an updated form of the Chronological CV), Targeted CV and Alternative CV. The three major formats of resume used by students are Chronological, Functional, and Combined. Each format has particular advantages that you must consider as you prepare it. Choose a format that the best emphasizes your skills and experiences, and relates to your job objective. Each of these formats has its advantages and disadvantages (see below).

In general the Performance CV works best for the most people, assuming that you are staying in the same field. If this format is unsuitable for you then you could try either the Functional or Targeted CV formats and see which reads/looks better for you. Even if you create a Performance CV for yourself, there are times when a Functional/Targeted CV may help you secure an interview when a Performance CV would fail.

Performance or Chronological CV

In a Performance or Chronological format your employment history is shown in reverse chronological order, with your recent job the first. Job titles and company names are strongly emphasized and duties and achievements are described under each job title. You should use a Performance CV when you are seeking a job which is directly in line with your past experiences or your last employer was a household name. The only difference between a Chronological CV and a Performance CV is that the Performance CV highlights a list of your major achievements near the start of your CV.

Advantages:

1. If you are planning to stay in the same field/work area.

2. If you want to show-off your promotions.

3. If the name of your last employer is highly prestigious.

4. Most people prefer this format to the other formats listed here because it is easy to see who you have worked for and what you did in each particular job.

Disadvantages:

1. If you are planning to change career direction.

2. If you have frequently changed employer.

3. If your work history has been patchy in recent years, either through
unemployment, redundancy, self-employment, ill health, etc.

4. If you do not have many achievements (you could just leave out the
achievements section as in a traditional Chronological CV) or your
achievements are not in line with what you want to do now — either
leave out the achievements section or consider using a Functional
or Targeted CV

Functional CV

The Functional format highlights major areas of accomplishment and strength. Actual titles and work history are in a subordinate position and sometimes left off entirely. This style gives you flexibility in emphasis and eliminates repetition of job assignments. This type of CV highlights the main functions/achievements of your whole career and it can therefore be very useful if you have had a varied career or you are seeking a change of career direction. In this format, job titles and company names are given less dominance or even omitted in some cases.

Advantages:

1. If you want to emphasize abilities and achievements that have not been used in your most recent job(s).

2. If you are changing career direction.

3. If you have had a large number of jobs and you would prefer to describe the experience you have gained in total.

4. If you want to include voluntary/unpaid experience.

5. If your work history has been patchy in recent years, either through unemployment, redundancy, self-employment, ill health, etc.

Disadvantages:

1. If you want to highlight promotions/career growth — you could include this sort of information on the second page of your CV, but it would not be as prominent as on a Performance CV.

2. If your recent employers are highly prestigious, because their names will not be prominently displayed on the first page. You can get round this by putting their names in both the profile and cover letter.

3. If your job has only a limited number of functions.

4. Unusual CV format — may not be liked by everyone.

Targeted CV

This type of CV emphasizes your abilities and achievements which are directly relevant to a specific job target. It is the best one when you are planning a change of career direction.

Advantages:

1. If you want to emphasize abilities and achievements that have not
been used in your most recent job(s).

2. If you are changing career direction.

3. If you have had a large number of jobs and you would prefer to
describe the experience you have gained in total.

4. If you want to include voluntary/unpaid experience.

5. If your work history has been patchy in recent years, either through
unemployment, redundancy, self-employment, ill health, etc.

6. If you have several completely different job targets and you need a
CV for each.

Disadvantages:

1. If you want to highlight promotions/career growth — you could
include this sort of information on the second page of your CV, but
it would not be as prominent as on a Performance CV.

2. If your most recent employer is highly prestigious, because his name
will not be prominently displayed on the first page. You can get round
this by putting their name in both the profile and cover letter.

3. Unusual CV format — may not be liked by everyone.

Alternative CV

This sort of CV is suitable for creative careers in, for example, writing, public relations and fashion designers. It is not suitable for senior managers/executives who would be better advised to use the Performance CV.

Advantages:

1. If the job requires exceptional talent in either the written or visual
mediums.

2. If you will be applying directly to the person you will be working for.

Disadvantages:

1. Not to be used if you are seeking a management position.

2. If you are planning to apply through normal channels such as
advertised vacancies/the Personnel Department.

3. This CV format may fail utterly if your ideas are not well received
by the recipient of your CV.

Combined CV

In the Combined format, you unite the most important points of the Chronological and the Functional formats by emphasizing your skills first, followed by an employment history. A Combined format is especially useful if your employment history is not directly related to the job target, yet denotes responsibility and potential.

TASK 3

Read the text ‘Types of Summaries”. Give the definition of the terms "summary" , "review" and “annotation”. What is a difference between them?