Chapter 7. The system of law classifications

AND BRANCHES OF LAW...................................................... 222

UNIT 1. Branches of law................................................... 222

UNIT 2. The System and classifications of law...................... 231

UNIT 3. The System of law in Russia................................... 238

UNIT 4. Branches of Russian law....................................... 243

UNIT 5. Law in practice.................................................... 249

UNIT 6. The System of law in the UK.................................. 256

UNIT 7. Branches of law in the UK..................................... 262

UNIT 8. Writing annotations.............................................. 273

GLOSSARY............................................................................. 275

PART V

CHAPTER 8. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT CHIEF LAW

ENFORCERS — THE POLICE................................................. 278

UNIT 1. Crime................................................................. 278

UNIT 2. Categories of crimes in the UK................................ 280

UNIT 3. Criminal procedure............................................... 283

UNIT 4. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation............ 288

UNIT 5. History of punishment.......................................... 292

UNIT 6. Types of punishment................................................. 295

UNIT 7. The British police — some historical facts......................... 301

UNIT 8. Police of the Russian Federation..................................... 307

UNIT 9. Case study............................................................. 311

GLOSSARY............................................................................... 314

CHAPTER 9. CIVIL PROCEDURE........................................... 317

UNIT 1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation............................... 317

UNIT 2. Civil procedure in the UK............................................ 322

UNIT 3. Civil procedure in the USA........................................... 331

UNIT 4. Civil offences/torts.................................................... 333

UNIT 5. Remedies in the Civil Court of Law................................. 342

GLOSSARY............................................................................... 348

PART VI

CHAPTER 10. INTERNATIONAL LAW.................................... 351

UNIT 1. Introduction to International law.................................... 351

UNIT 2. Sources of International law......................................... 356

UNIT 3. Subjects of international community................................ 364

UNIT 4. The Law of treaties.................................................... 368

UNIT 5. International legal protection of the environment.................. 374

GLOSSARY............................................................................... 378

Заключение............................................................................ 380

PART I

CHAPTER 1. LAW AND LEGAL PROFESSION

UNIT 1. INTRODUCTION TO LAW

1. Как вы думаете, какие сферы взаимоотношений в обществе и между людьми регулируются правом?

Прочитайте и переведите данные ниже определения слова law.

1. A rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority.

2. A set of rules or principles dealing with a specific area of a legal system.

3. A way of life.

4. A statement describing a relationship observed to be invariable between or among phenomena for all cases in which the specified conditions are met.

5. A principle of organization, procedure, or technique.

6. A generalization based on consistent experience or results.

Ответьте на вопросы, начиная ответ с одного из следующих вы-ражений.

In my opinion — по моему мнению

I can’t make up my mind, but — не могу принять решение, но …

I am keeping an open mind for the moment — пока у меня нет ника-кого мнения на этот счет

I’m (not) sure that — я (не) уверен, что Firstly, (secondly) — во-первых, (во-вторых) Finally – наконец

1. Can we live without laws?

2. Why do we need law?

3. What spheres of life are regulated by law?

4. Must people obey laws?

5. What rules of behaviour are accepted in the society?

6. Do you share the idea that people should look only after themselves and take no care about others?

7. What rules do you obey willingly?

8. What rules would you abolish if you could?

9. Do laws limit your personal freedom?

10. Must all people study law at school?

11. Do you feel that laws protect you?

12. What law would you propose if you were a Member of Parliament?

Прочитайте и выучите идиоматические выражения со словом law. Составьте предложения с каждым из них. (Идиомы — это устойчи-вые по составу и структуре лексически неделимые и целостные по значе-нию словосочетания или предложения, выполняющие функцию словар-ной единицы.)

1) law and order — правопорядок

2) the law of the jungle — закон джунглей

3) to lay down the law — a) устанавливать правовые нормы, форму-лировать закон; б) говорить безапелляционным тоном, не допускать возражений

4) necessity knows no law — нужда не знает закона

Составьте предложение со следующими словосочетаниями.

1) to make laws — издавать, принимать законы

2) to repeal laws — отменять законы

3) to break laws — нарушать законы

4) to obey laws — соблюдать законы

5) to enforce laws — обеспечить (принудительно) исполнение закона

6) to apply laws — применять законы

7) to be against the law — быть противозаконным