А) Сокращения, часто встречающиеся в текстах любой тематики (в порядке алфавита) 8 страница

2) It’s time we left for the station.

3) I’ll phone John tonight if you like / you’d like me to.

4) She took some aspirin so that she wouldn’t get a cold.

5) Joan hasn’t had her house painted yet.

6) Martha needn’t / doesn’t need to be told about our row, or needn’t / doesn’t need to know.

7) I haven’t seen Angie for a year/ since a year ago.

8) Old Mrs Martin could never have climbed these stairs.

9) It wasn’t till / until he got to the front door that he discovered (that) he had lost his keys.

10) Instead of going to France we went to Denmark.

Exercise 2

1) though

2) before

3) down

4) feeling

5) already

6) familiar

7) what

8) itself

9) on

10) in

11) with / giving

12) whose

13) it

14) which/ that

15) there

16) myself

17) same

18) so

19) away

20) up

Exercise 3

1) in

2) tells / is

3) while / when

4) on

5) beat

6) whole / entire

7) never

8) tears

9) cheeks

10) At

11) somehow

12) of

13) down

14) would

15) various

16) fell

17) he

18) when

19) into

20) was

Exercise 4

1) I’ve just been given an invitation to a party.

2) Ann is cleverer than Mark.

3) She’s hopeless at adding up figures.

4) If I hadn’t been reading (such) a fascinating book, I would have heard what he said.

5) By the time I got to the station, the train had left.

6) I didn’t really feel like going to the cinema.

7) It’s about time you had your eyes tested.

8) What I’m looking for is something to wear to a party.

9) She told me that she had to write to her parents soon.

10) We might be having the house repainted next year.

Exercise 5

1) I go to work BY train.

2) Terry doesn’t belong TO our group any more.

3) I met Joe AT the dance.

4) We haven’t seen him FOR a week.

5) They must do it, and the sooner THE better.

6) Joe’s standing AT the end of Victoria Road.

7) What ON earth is the matter?

8) Why are jealous OF Joe?

9) You must tell – your mother about it.

10) Is this the book - / THAT you need?

11) I did everything ON my own.

12) Don’t treat me LIKE a child.

13) The film - / THAT we saw was boring.

14) Everybody laughed AT Susan, because she looked so stupid.

15) I married – my wife in 1992.

Exercise 6

1) I haven’t found the answer yet.

2) Yesterday Jill wanted to meet Joe, but he had gone to England.

3) I had to do my homework last Saturday in the morning, because I had decided to go to a party in the evening.

4) You won’t be able to (or can’t) meet Frank tomorrow, because he is flying (or he’s going to fly) to America later today.

5) I wish I had done my homework yesterday.

6) All morning I was playing football while my sister was washing up.

7) When Jill arrived yesterday, Tom was sleeping.

8) I didn’t go to his party last night because he hadn’t invited me.

9) Jane couldn’t (or wasn’t able to) find her keys in the morning because she forgot (or had forgotten) where she had left them.

10) Are you going to the concert tomorrow?

Exercise 7

1) shown / proved

2) people’s / the / our

3) suffer

4) where

5) so

6) heard

7) of

8) much

9) flying

10) along

11) to

12) it

13) been

14) too

15) miss

16) though / although

17) can / may / does

18) less

19) left

20) up

Exercise 8

1) She apologized for not finishing / having finished her homework.

2) It is four years since he left college.

3) Mary asked John if he could lend her 5 pounds. or

… if she could borrow 5 pounds from him. or

… to lend her 5 pounds.

4) There was no room left in the hotel / were no vacancies in the hotel.

5) There’s no point (in) waiting any longer for the bus.

6) You needn’t / don’t have to / shouldn’t go to all that rouble.

7) Isn’t there any coffee left?

8) I gave up smoking two years ago.

9) I’m fond of / keen on swimming.

Exercise 9

1) You can’t (or: couldn’t) have seen Jack yesterday. He is out of town.

2) If you had been there, we would have had a good time.

3) By the time you finish work I will have been at the cinema for hours.

4) He will be having lunch tomorrow from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m.

5) I thought you had forgotten to come. I have been waiting for you for two hours.

6) Why hasn’t this letter been written yet? It should have been written yesterday.

7) He said he had been waiting since 4.

8) Have you ever visited Madame Tussaud’s?

9) While I was watching TV, my brother was playing the piano.

10) I bought this house two months ago.

11) Tom should have opened the door when he saw me.

12) I wish I had more money; now I can’t buy this dress.

13) If you had listened to him, you would have learnt a lot.

14) Mary said they would go (or: were going) to Italy next summer.

15) I am not used to working hard.

16) If they arrive on time, they’ll call us.

Exercise 10

1) We wouldn’t have missed the train if you had got dressed in time.

2) Jill would have come to the party if we had invited her.

3) If I hadn’t called Tom, I would not have known the results.

4) If you had gone to the concert, you would have enjoyed yourself.

5) What would you have done if I had failed you at the exam?

6) Where would Jane have gone if she had won the first prize?

7) Would you have been angry with me if I had forgotten about your birthday?

8) I wouldn’t have told you the truth if I had not had to.

9) They would have given me back my watch if they had found it.

Exercise 11

1 – B

2 – B

3 – C

4 – C

5 – D

6 – A

7 – A

8 – C

9 – D

10 – A

Exercise 12

1) Studying with the radio on isn’t easy.

2) It was so cold that they didn’t have the windows open.

3) You needn’t have paid so much for that dress.

4) Is it really necessary for him to make such a noise?

5) No one else played better than him in the competition.

6) She was too angry to speak.

7) It was such a long journey that we felt tired when we arrived.

8) It is unkind to laugh at other people’s misfortunes.

9) If he’d had enough money, he would have bought a house.

10) We’d have waited for you if we had known you were coming.

Exercise 13

1) Peter wasn’t early enough to see his cousin win the match.

2) She’d rather you bought a new car.

3) It’s the first time (that) I’ve seen that girl here.

4) She can eat any food/ everything apart from/ but/ except/ with the exception fo pickled onions.

5) Janet would like to apologize/ says that she’s sorry for being late this morning.

6) Mr Warden was buried/ cremated last week.

7) They needn’t have paid so much for their meal as they did.

8) Margaret advised Alan not to carry so much money in his hip pocket. Or: Margaret advised Alan against carrying…

9) It was such heavy traffic (that) we went by Underground.

10) Unless you queue you won’t get a seat. Or: you won’t have / haven’t (got) a chance of getting a seat.

Exercise 14

1) opposite

2) just

3) hour

4) any

5) behind

6) later

7) off

8) where

9) running/ going

10) round

11) speed

12) the

13) on

14) lying

15) who

16) before

17) later / parked

18) still

19) away

20) far

Exercise 15

1) I must remember _to leave_ some money to pay for the repairs.

2) She just went on _complaining_ about everything.

3) We mustn’t forget _to visit_ Monique when we’re in Paris.

4) Please remember _to close_ the door when you go out.

5) I tried _working_ in a department store, but it wasn’t a very good job.

6) I remember _closing_ the door, but I’m not sure that I locked it.

7) Oh dear! I think I forgot _to pay_ the rent this month.

8) She complained about everything else, and then she went on _t0 complain_ about the price.

9) I must remember _to go_ to the dentist on Wednesday.

10) I’ll never forget _visiting_ Paris for the first time.

11) I really regret _telling_ everyone what happened. I should have keep it a secret.

12) I remember _going_ to the dentist as a child.

13) You really must try _to work_ harder.

14) I remember _leaving_ the money in the drawer, but it’s not there now.

15) I regret _to tell_ you that there has been a serious accident.

16) I paid the electricity bill, but I don’t remember _paying_ the rent.

Exercise 16

1) long

2) –

3) –

4) for

5) –

6) at

7) –

8) on

9) do

10) –

11) –

12) on

13) used

14) in

15) –

16) to

Exercise 17

1) If you give me your cake, I’ll do your homework for tomorrow.

2) They were playing tennis while their mother was cooking dinner.

3) Did you have to go to work when you were a little boy?

4) Mary is traveling (or ‘is going to travel’) to England tomorrow.

5) They will be very happy when their parents arrive later today.

6) Look at those clouds in the sky – it’s going to rain soon!

7) She won’t like it if you open the window. Or

She wouldn’t like it if you opened the window.

8) Do you think that Mary will come to the disco tonight?

9) Jane went to the cinema yesterday, but she didn’t like the film.

10) They won’t have to wash the dishes tonight if you do it for them. Or

They wouldn’t have to wash the dishes tonight if you did it for them.

11) Did they buy this car when they were in England?

12) Jane never learns the new words; she is going to get a bad mark for her vocabulary test tomorrow.

Exercise 18

1) regularity

2) embarrassing

3) possibilities

4) encouraged

5) disapproval

6) talkative

7) injection

8) conversation

9) unforgettable

10) strengthen

Exercise 19

1) foolish

2) believable

3) atomic

4) productive

5) terrible

6) musical

7) hopeful, hopeless

8) progressive

9) forgettable, forgetful

10) restless, restful

11) reliable

12) successful

13) horrific

14) senseless, sensitive

15) talkative

16) selfish

17) reasonable

18) political

Exercise 20

1) instructor

2) unreliable

3) mislaid

4) deafening

5) simplify

6) knowledge

7) unexpectedly

8) enforce

9) comparably

10) poverty

Exercise 21

1) agreeable

2) critical

3) scientific

4) useful, useless

5) cultural

6) specific

7) noticeable

8) educational

9) athletic

10) speechless

11) remarkable

12) romantic

13) tropical

14) mathematical

15) philosophical

16) breakable

17) sociable

18) Spanish

Make or do?

Exercise 22

1) May I _make_ a suggestion, please?

2) Her husband never _does_ any housework.

3) How can you _do_ such a boring job?

4) The president _made_ his speech and sat down.

5) I have to _make_ a phonecall uregently.

6) My children hate _doing_ the washing up.

7) You mustn’t _make_ any noise.

8) Can you _do_ the shopping for me, please?

9) I’ve _made_ my decision, and it is final.

10) Who _made_ this stupid mistake?

11) I just wanted to _do_ you a favour, you know.

12) Oh, you’re always _making_ such a fuss about small things.

Exercise 23

1) Have you _made_ all the necessary arrangements?

2) My son doesn’t want to _ do_ military service.

3) Do you like _doing_ crossword puzzles?

4) Why don’t we _do_ something interesting?

5) John _made_ a final attempt, but he wasn’t successful.

6) You should really _make_ an effort and finish this job on time.

7) We didn’t _do_ French at school.

8) Last year the company _made_ a profit at last.

9) I hate Jill; she always _makes_ trouble.

10) We don’t want to _do_ business with you.

11) Fred _made_ an excuse and left the party.

12) Try to_do_ your best this time.

Exercise 24

1) proof

2) unsuitable

3) laughter

4) throughout

5) width

6) comparatively

7) variety

8) breakages

9) signature

10) lengthening

11) speechless

12) enjoyable

13) qualifications

14) disability

15) privacy

16) automatically

17) encouragement

Exercise 25

1) extremely

2) unpleasant

3) inefficient

4) carelessly

5) unkind

6) unattractive

7) happily

8) unreliable

9) faultless

10) dangerously

Exercise 26

1) unlocked

2) disagree

3) unfriendly

4) dishonest

5) unbreakable

6) unkind

7) dislike

8) misunderstood

9) disorder

10) dissatisfied

11) uncooked

12) unhelpful

13) disorganized

14) disqualified

15) dissimilarities

16) unpack

17) unnatural

Exercise 27

1) anti-nuclear

2) non-driver

3) redo

4) pre-1900

5) mislaid

6) over-enthusiastic

7) ex-king

8) post-1980

9) pro-war

Exercise 28

A – 4

B – 1

C – 6

D – 2

E – 5

F – 3

Exercise 29

Found

Said

Took

Exercise 30

1) B

2) D

3) A

4) D

5) B

6) A

7) D

8) A

9) D

10) B

11) C

12) A

13) D

14) A

15) C

16) D

17) A

18) D

Exercise 31

The correct order: C, B, E, A, D

Exercise 32

The correct order: 9, 1, 4, 5, 8, 3, 10, 7, 6, 11, 2

Exercise 33

The missing words are in CAPITAL letters.

The Second World War had begun, AND John wanted to join the army, BUT he was only 16 years old, AND boys were allowed to join only if they were over 18. SO when the army doctor examined him, he said that he was 18.

BUT John’s brother had joined the army a few days before, AND the same doctor had examined him too. This doctor remembered the older boy’s family name, SO when he was John’s papers, he was surprised.

‘How old are you?’ he said.

‘Eighteen, sir,’ said John.

‘BUT your brother was eighteen, too,’ said the doctor. ‘Are you twins?’

‘Oh, no, sir,’ said John, AND his face went red. ‘My brother is five months older than I am.’

Exercise 34

These words were replaced:

‘AAA’ – school

‘BBB’ – home

‘CCC’ – was

Exercise 35

1) published

2) spending

3) impossible

4) companies

5) achieve

6) important

7) young

8) employees

9) likely

10) executive

Exercise 36

AAA – train

BBB – of

Exercise 37

Correct order: E, B, D, A, F, C

Exercise 38

1 – E

2 – C

3 – H

4 – B

5 – G

6 – I

7 – A

8 – F

Exercise 39

1 – C

2 – C

3 – A

4 – B

5 – B

6 – B

Exercise 40

1) between

2) plane

3) length

4) although

5) quiet

6) holidays

7) most

8) spent

9) death

10) share

Exercise 41

1) football

2) electrician

3) club

4) game

5) buzz

6) hunger

7) midfielder

8) knee

9) plaster

10) operation

11) months

12) injury

13) contrast

14) doubts

Advanced

Exercise 1

Struck-off nurse gets ok to work

A nurse struck off the professional register following a suicide in Bishop’s Stortford has been allowed back on it just days after the health authority admitted liability and provisionally agreed to pay out a “substantial” sum to the dead woman’s family. Peter Hollerin (33) was one of two male nurses axed from the nursing register in 1996 after being found guilty of misconduct in allowing a suicidal patient to walk to her death. Tanya Kersey, a 37-year-old teacher who was a psychiatric patient at Harlow’s Princess Alexandra Hospital in 1992, died on a Bishop’s Stortford railway crossing in August of that year. Yesterday, Mrs Kersey’s husband, Trevor, of Piggotts Way, Bishop’s Stortford, said he was surprised and disappointed at the committee’s decision. His solicitor Helena Myska, of Stanley Tee and Co, said she was also surprised, adding that last week’s admission of negligence by North Essex Health Authority was the culmination of “a very long drawn out process that didn’t help anybody”.

The decision to restore Mr Hollerin to the register was made after a hearing at the Nurses’ Professional Conduct Committee on Friday. Chairwoman Dame Mary Uprichard stressed the decision did not negate or condone what had happened six years ago, nor did it undermine the committee’s original findings. “You should appreciate that this was a very serious matter, to be found guilty of professional misconduct,” she added. Mr Hollerin expressed deep regret on Friday and added that he recognized the mistakes he had made had been grave. Katrina Wingfield, of the UK Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, had previously told the committee that Mrs Kersey – referred to as Mrs A – was to be checked every 15 minutes.

But Mr Hollerin failed to attempt to carry out checks between 7.30 am and 8.40 pm and inaccurately completed an incident report. A spokesman for Essex and Herts Community Trust, would not say whether Mr Hollerin would be re-employed. Speaking generally, she said cases would be assessed, bearing in mind registration signified the professional committee’s belief they were safe to practice. The trust would be sensitive to the local – whether it was in everyone’s interest a nurse should return to the same area, she added. NEHA refused to comment.

Exercise 2

1) since

2) face

3) by

4) if / whether

5) at

6) spite

7) met

8) without

9) which

10) why

11) direction

12) must

13) Although/ Though

14) faster

15) would

16) way

17) seemed

18) whom

19) changed

20) in

Exercise 3

1) Luckily, there was not much damage done TO the car.

2) I don’t think we’ll ever find the solution TO this problem.

3) Lucy made out a cheque FOR $500.

4) There’s been an increase IN the price of corn recently.

5) Her attitude TOWARDS / TO her parents is unbelievable.

6) We haven’t received an invitation TO the party yet.

7) Jane always had a very good relationship WITH her parents.

8) Their reaction TO the news was predictable.

9) The reason FOR the accident is not yet known.

10) There is a great demand FOR American cigarettes in some countries.

11) Everybody agreed that there was a need FOR change.

12) The advantage OF buying big quantities is obvious.

13) The police saw no connection BETWEEN the two crimes.

14) When Jane received a reply TO her letter, she started crying.

15) The key TO the survival of our company is to increase efficiency.

16) The fall IN the sale of alcohol is a result of successful campaigning.

17) Jill could clearly see the disadvantages OF traveling alone.

Exercise 4

1) It was really very stupid OF you to ask that question.

2) We’re terribly sorry ABOUT the noise we made last night.

3) Fred was shocked AT / BY his girlfriend’s behaviour.

4) I was furious ABOUT the proposals; they were just utter nonsense.

5) What are you so nervous ABOUT?

6) Were they not sorry at all FOR / ABOUT leaving you like that?

7) He is not usually cruel TO animals.

8) Jack was simply delighted BY the presents he got.

9) I’m really impressed BY / WITH your French; where did you learn it so well?

10) Joan soon got bored WITH doing the same thing every day.

Exercise 5

Teenage mugger given life for snatching a bag

1) being

2) for

3) pass

4) though

5) accused

6) of

7) had

8) if

9) would

10) take

11) ensure

12) into

13) the

14) put

15) no

16) of

17) serve

18) until

19) so

20) By

Exercise 6

Dial ‘F’ for fish

There is something fishy _going_ on in Borneo: fishermen _are stealing_ pay phones and _using_ them as electronic bait _to lure_ fish.

In the past year, about 900 of the 3,500 Telekom Malaysia pay phones _were stolen_ in the state of Sabah on Borneo Island, _said_ a senior official of the company, Ahmad Zaini Mohammad Amin.

“Even our telephone manufacturer in Italy _is_ baffled by the thefts,” he _was reported_ as _saying_ by local newspapers.

Investigations _have revealed_ that the fishermen _cut off_ the handsets, _connect_ them to high-powered batteries and _lower_ them into the water. The electricity _passing_ through the microphones _produces_ a high-pitched sound that _attracts_ fish into the nets, Ahmad _said_.

Fisheries Department Director General Shahrom Abdul Majid _told_ a newspaper he _was_ convinced the explanation _was_ accurate.

He _was quoted_ as _saying_ that some aquariums in Japan _release_ piped music into tanks and the fish _move_ to the rhythm. “It almost _looks_ as if they _were dancing_,” he _said_.

“I also _heard_ of fishermen in the east coast [of Malaysia] _knocking_ bamboo sticks underwater _to produce_ a sound which _attracts_ a particular species of fish,” Shahrom _said_.

“Light can also _be used_ as an effective way of _luring_ fish, but most people _don’t know_ fish also _respond_ to all kinds of sound,” he _added_.

The criminal innovation _came_ to light because of the unusually high number of telephone thefts last year. Normally, only about 800 of 40,000 pay phones _installed_ throughout the country _are vandalized_ every year, Ahmad _was quoted _ as _saying_.

Exercise 7

1) series/ number

2) through

3) looking

4) with

5) to

6) what

7) this

8) very

9) without

10) sales/ pep

11) to

12) by

13) what

14) said/ answered/ etc

15) There

16) mentioned

17) told/ informed

18) for

19) on

20) let

Exercise 8

1) D

2) C

3) B

4) B

5) A

6) D

7) D

8) C

9) B

10) C

Exercise 9

1) with

2) off / out

3) by

4) After / On

5) for

6) ourselves

7) for / towards

8) had

9) all / right

10) no

11) making / heading

12) of

13) delight / joy

14) sight / spectacle

15) ends

16) them

17) search

18) somewhere

19) far

20) there

Exercise 10

1) The firm made a loss of 100,000 pounds last year owing to strikes.

2) John might be said to be a little difficult sometimes.

3) He booked in advance to avoid having to join the rush hour later on.

4) I sent that elderly woman in the wrong direction, I’m afraid.

5) The book I wanted was little / not often / seldom in demand.

6) The car needn’t / doesn’t need to be washed till tomorrow.

7) It was strong tea because he’d used too many spoonfuls.

8) Would you mind my asking / if I asked (you) a personal question?

9) It was the first time I had had to do anything so difficult. Or

It was the most difficult thing I had ever had to do.

10) The ink was too faded for me to read the words.

Exercise 11

1 – D

2 – B

3 – B

4 – C

5 – A

6 – C

7 – A

8 – C

9 – A

10 – C

Exercise 12

1 – A

2 – B

3 – C

4 – B

5 – D

6 – D

7 – D

8 – A

9 – A

10 – D

Exercise 13

1) B, C

2) A, D

3) B, E

4) D, E

5) C, D

6) B, D

7) A, B

8) B, C

9) B, E

10) C, D

11) B, C

12) D, E

Exercise 14

1) at

2) –

3) down

4) –

5) from

6) –

7) were

8) the

9) such

10) a

11) over

12) of

13) if

14) –

15) who

16) on

17) have

Exercise 15

1) B C

2) A C

3) B C

4) A D

5) B D

6) C E

7) A D

8) D E

9) B E

10) C D

11) A C

12) C D

Exercise 16

1) B

2) C

3) A

4) B

5) D

6) B

7) C

8) D

9) A

10) B

11) A

Exercise 17

1) A bird in the hand F) is worth two in the bush.

2) It’s no use J) crying over spilt milk.

3) One swallow G) doesn’t make a summer.

4) There’s no smoke A) without fire.

5) Strike while I) the iron is hot.

6) The proof of the pudding B) is in the eating.

7) Once bitten, H) twice shy.

8) Truth is stranger E) than fiction.

9) Easier said C) than done.

10) Easy come, D) easy go.

Exercise 18

1) As cool G) as a cucumber.

2) As thick E) as two short planks.

3) As light A) as a feather.

4) As regular J) as clockwork.

5) As fit B) as a fiddle.

6) As good I) as gold.