Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense forms and translate the Letter of Apology

An Apology to Metrorail Passengers: I would like to extend a formal apology to all Metrorail patrons who (to be inconvenienced) by the disruptions in Tuesday morning's service. At approximately 8:38 a.m., a tragic incident ( to occur) at the Judiciary Square Station requiring Metrorail officials to take actions that ( to cause) major gaps in service on the Red Line. In an apparent suicide attempt, a young wоmаn (to walk) into the tunnel between Union Station and Judiciary Square and, in spite of the operator's immediate response, (to strike) by the train. It (to be) imperative that power to the affected tracks be cut off Immediately in order to permit the evacuation of the injured person and the safe exit of passengers from the train. Further safety concerns and constraints inherent in track design dictated the choice of Union Station and Dupont Circle as the terminal stations (to use) on the Red Line for the time needed by emergency personnel to complete their work at Judiciary Square. Metro(to make) every effort to keep its passengers informed of the incident and its impact on service. Ноwеvеr, wе (to recognize) that information alone cannot compensate for the difficulties the situation presented to a large number of commuters. Wе genuinely regret any problems this may (to cause) you, and thank you for your understanding and continued patronage.   Sincerely Dauid L. Cunn General Manager

Translate the following MEMOs into Ukrainian.

( A memo is generally correspondence written from one person in a company to another in the same company. The format is usually a block format.)

1.

TO: Peter Fowler, MEMO FROM: Rafael Teredan SUBJECT: A Much-Deserved Promotion   December 15,1995   CONGRATULATIONS! Word of your promotion reached me yesterday. I'm pleased that your hard work has been rewarded. The efficiencies you've introduced to the line have made a difference. Production has increased and the number of defective parts has decreased. The work crew even smile now and then. Nice job!

2.

MEMORANDUM TO:GMDATE:Jan 5 FROM: Project Planning Dept SUBJECT : Aqua Warm BV I have looked through our records of the work that we did at Perfecta Ltd. The heating system was checked three times before it was turned on. I am absolutely sure that the explosion is not our responsibility. I suggest, therefore, that Perfecta writes to Aqua Warm to claim compensation. Please write to Perfects ( ADDRESS: 61 Bath Road, Worcester WR5 3AB, England) and explain our position.

SECTION 3:

COMMERCIAL PAPERS

Before you read

Discuss these questions.

1. What do you know about commercial papers?

2. What are commercial papers? What is their function?

Key vocabulary:

commercial paper, unconditional, written order, promise, to deliver, specified amount, to comply with, deposit/ depositor, to indebt/debtor, demand instrument.

1. Read and translate the text:

What is Commercial Paper?

Commercial paper is an unconditional written order or promise to pay money. The most common form of commercial paper is the personal cheque (Am. check). It was developed hundreds of years ago to serve as a safe substitute for money.

Instead of carrying their gold and silver with them, merchants left their money at the bankers. Then, when merchants wanted to pay a seller for goods they were buying, they wrote an order addressed to their bank. The order directed the bank to deliver a specified amount to the person or the place of the seller's choice. The bank compared the merchant's signature (and perhaps a seal) on the order with the signature left at the bank. The bank would comply with such written orders because, once the merchant had made a deposit, the bank was legally indebted to the depositor for that amount. Consequently, if the merchant demanded return of the deposit, the bank had to give it back.

The same is still true today. Banks still are debtors of their depositors. Also, cheques are still known as demand instruments because they allow depositors to get their money out of banks or have it paid in accordance with the depositor's order.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF COMMERCIAL PAPERS?

Today commercial papers can be grouped into two broad categories.

The first is composed of unconditional orders to pay money: the draftand the

cheque. (Acheque is a special kind of draft.)

The second category is composed of unconditional promises to pay money. This category includes the promissory noteand the certificate of deposit (COD).

The word unconditionalmeans that the legal effectiveness of the order or promise is not dependent upon any other event. It is not a commercial paper.