The educational system of the united kingdom

The four lands that make up the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales) have different histories and distinctive culture. The UK educational systems are similar in general structure, but cultural differences have influenced their organization, as well as attitudes, standards, and values.

Education is divided into three stages - primary education, secondary education, and further and higher education. Full-time education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16. A very high proportion of young people continue in full-time education, or part-time education and training, until the age of 18. Education during the primary and secondary stages is general rather than vocational.

Primary education takes place in infant schools (pupils aged from 5 to 7 years) and junior schools (from 8 to 11 years). Secondary schools are usually much larger than primary schools and most children - over 80 per cent - go to a comprehensive school at the age of 11. These schools are not selective - you don't have to pass an exam to go there.

At the age of 14 or 15, in the third or fourth form of secondary school, pupils begin to choose their exam subjects. At sixteen pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). It replaced two previous examinations: the Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE), which indicated satisfactory completion of secondary education, and the General Certificate of Education (GCE) which was for higher academic achievers.

Further Education

Many people decide to leave school at the age of sixteen and go to a Further Education (FE) College. Here most of the courses are linked to some kind of practical vocational training, for example in engineering, typing, cooking or hairdressing. Full-time courses are provided in universities, polytechnics, Scottish central institutions, colleges of higher (HE) and further (FE) education, and technical, art and agricultural colleges.

Today there are over fifty universities in Britain, compared with only seventeen in 1945. They fall into four broad categories: the ancient English foundations, the ancient Scottish ones, the 'redbrick' universities, and the 'plate-glass' ones. They are all private institutions, receiving direct grants from central government.

Oxford and Cambridge, founded in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries respectively, are easily the most famous of Britain's universities. Today 'Oxbridge', as the two together are known, educate less than one tenth of Britain's total university student population. But they continue to attract many of the best brains.

There is also a highly successful Open University, which provides every person in Britain with the opportunity to study for a degree, without leaving their home. It is particularly designed for adults who regret missed opportunities earlier. It conducts learning through correspondence, radio and television, and also through local study centers.

Ex I. Remember synonyms to these words:

1) to teach - to instruct - to coach - to train - to educate;

2) teacher - instructor - tutor - coach - trainer;

3) to enjoy - to take pleasure in - to take delight in - to derive pleasure from - to like-to fancy;

4) make up - to collect - to get together - to constitute - to form - to compose;

5) to create - to originate - to bring into being - to call into existence - to make.

Ex II. Match the word with the corresponding definition:

1) compulsory a) training that teaches you the skills you need to do a

particular job;

2) vocational b) a system of education in which pupils of different abilities

go to the same school or are taught in the same class;

3) comprehensive c) something that is compulsory must be done because it is the

law or because someone in authority orders you to;

4) curriculum d) an official organization or a local government department

which controls public affairs, provides public services;

5) background e) an official plan that is intended to help people in some way;

6) scheme f) the events in the past that explain why something has

happened in the way that it has;

7) to site g) to persuade someone to do something;

8) to convince h) to make a judgment about a person or situation after

thinking carefully about it;

9) to assess i) be placed or built in a particular place;

10) authority j) the subjects that are taught by a school, college etc. or the

things that are studied in a particular subject.

Ex III. Find in the text the English for:

початкова освіта; широкий вибір предметів; обов'язкова освіта; підвищувати освітній рівень; підтримувати стару систему граматичних шкіл; реагувати на потреби та інтереси своїх учнів; вища освіта; підготовка до тестів; забезпечувати школу грошима, книжками і т. п.; оцінювати класну та домашню роботу учнів; професійне навчання; обдаровані діти; най здібніші діти; трирічний курс навчання; проводити навчання поштою (через листування).

THE US EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Americans believe that all citizens should be given the opportunity to study and learn in order to develop their talents and abilities. The aim of education is also to teach young citizens how to contribute to society through good citizenship.

Most Americans spend many years earning an education. There are several levels in the US system of education. Schools range from nursery schools for young children to universities for adult higher education. Many children attend nursery school, or preschool. Nursery school usually The educational system of the united kingdom - student2.ru accepts children three and four years old. Many public school systems start with kindergarten classes for five- and six-year-old children. Many children enter the first grade of elementary school at the age of six. In elementary school students learn the building blocs of education - reading, writing, and arithmetic. The curriculum also includes subjects such as history, science, health, art, music and physical education. Children attend elementary school for five to nine years, depending on how the school system is arranged.

Grades 7, 8, 9 usually make up junior high school. Many school systems have replaced junior high schools with middle or intermediate schools. Middle schools usually include grades 5 or 6 through 8. Some middle schools include only grades 7 and 8.

Students who have completed the first eight or nine grades enter high school. There are generally three kinds of high schools. Academic high schools prepare students for college. Technical and vocational high schools enable students to learn a trade or occupation. Comprehensive high schools offer college preparatory work as well as technical or vocational courses.

TheUS higher education

The need for higher education in the United States has grown with advances in knowledge and technology. Many jobs now require college and university training. Therefore, high school students are encouraged to earn as much education as they can.

2. Граматичний матеріал: Теперішній неозначений час.The Present Indefinite Tense.

Ex.1.Make these sentences interrogative and negative.

1. I often meet my friend here. 2. You go to the factory every day. 3. I read newspapers every morning. 4. His sisters always give me books. 5. He reads newspapers at home. 6. She goes to the disco every Sunday. 7. It helps. 8. They often come here. 9. We write questions at home. 10. He often sends me English books.

Ex.2.Insert the words: often, usually, seldom, never, always, sometimes, every morning (evening, afternoon).

1. She goes to the cinema with her friends. 2. We write exercises in class. 3. We meet at the university. 4. I drink tea in the morning. 5. I have an early breakfast. 6. We take this book from the reading-room.

Ex. 3.Read quickly inserting DO or DOES.

1. … you like English? 2. …your friend like it? 3. … he often come here? 4. … your friend drink coffee in the morning? 5. … you smoke during the breaks? 6. … you like picture in my dining-room? 7. …they come in time? 8. … you know him? 9. … he live in a house or in a flat? 10. … she like tennis?

Ex. 4.Tell what usually happens or ask using the verbs in Present Simple.

1. Я навчаюсь у школі. 2. Ми працюємо. 3. Вони не ходять у театр. 4. Ви працюєте? — Так. 5. Вона працює? — Ні. Вона вчиться. 6. Мій брат не вчиться. Він працює. 7. Моя сестра не читає книги. 8. Наша бабуся любить спати на дивані. 9. Ви любите відпочивати в кріслі? 10. Мій брат не любить читати газети. 11. Ми спимо в спальні. 12. Мій брат спить на дивані. 14. Моя сестра одягається перед дзеркалом. 15. Мій дядя пише книги. 16. Мы пишемо вправи в школі.

Ex. 5.Translate into English using the verbs in Present Simple.

1. Коли ви встаєте? — Я встаю о сьомій. 2. Коли встає твій брат? — Він встає о пів на восьму. — А твоя сестра теж встає о пів на восьму? — Ні. Мій брат ходить до школи, а моя сестра не ходить до школи. Вона ще не учениця. Вона встає о дев’ятій. 3. Мій брат працює в лікарні. Він лікар. Він встає о шостій. Він працює вранці та вдень. Увечері він не працює. Увечері він відпочіває (rest). 4. Твоя сестра розмовляє французською? — Ні. Вона розмовляє німецькою, а її чоловік розмовляє англійською.

3. Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування: Botany. Plant

Plants are highly important sources of food for man. They supply us with clothing and many other things as well. Plants are grown and used for many purposes. The principal parts of a plant are: 1) the root system, 2) the stems and leaves, 3) the reproductive part made up of flowers or seeds.

The roots have two main functions — to absorb plant nutrients and water from the soil. As to stems and leaves, the food used in growth is manufactured in the leaves. This process is known as photosynthesis. To support the leaves and to connect those with the roots are the main functions of the stem. The shape and the position of the leaves vary to a considerable extent with the species.

A flower is the part of the plant where seeds are produced.

All parts of a plant must be developed well and proportion-ally enough to function properly. If conditions for plant growth are bad, the plant will be too weak to develop its parts well.

1) reproductive part — органы размножения

2) vary to a considerable extent with the species — различаются в значительной мере в зависимости от вида.

Ex. 1 Answer the questions:

1) What are the principal parts of a plant?

2) What are the main functions of the roots?

3) What is photosynthesis?

4) What are the main functions of the stem?

5) Where are the seeds produced?

6) How must all parts of a plant be developed?

Ex. 2 Translate into English:

важный источник пищи, кореневая система, в значительной мере, различаются в зависимости от вида, условия для роста растения, слабое растение, фотосинтез.

Література:

1. О. Письменная. Английский язык: экология и охрана окружающей среды: - К.: ООО «ИП Логос-М», М.: ООО «Айрис-прес, 2007. – 368с

2. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

4. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

5. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.

Практичне заняття № 3

Тема: Дослідження американського континенту. Політична система країни та економічний розвиток США.

1.Читання та обговорення тексту.

The United States of America

History. America is a young, but powerful and rich country. More than 300 years old is not much for the country. First settlers came to America seeking religious freedom. They were called the Pilgrim Fathers. They arrived from England and established Plymouth colony, the first settlement in New England (the first name of the USA was New England). Declaration of Independence started the American Revolution. Leaders of the 13 original colonies proclaimed the historic Declaration of Independence from British rule in 1776, but young American republic had to fight for its independence. At the head of this struggle was George Washington who later became the first president of the USA.

From 1861-1865 America was torn in the civil war between northern and southern states. People from northern states wanted to abolish slavery, while people from the southern states wanted to keep it. President Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves, defeated the Southern Confederacy and kept the Union.

Great drama surrounded the taming of the West when white Americans fought against the Indians – Native Americans. The first transcontinental railroad was made in the 19^th century. Thomas Edison produced the first electric light bulb in 1880, and the growth of science and technology began.

After the WW II American scientists used the ideas of Albert Einstein and discovered the power of the atom. In 1961, 43-year-old John Kennedy became the president of the USA. He introduced the program known for equal rights for blacks and whites. John Kennedy started Project Apollo which promised to land an American on the moon before 1970. Astronaut Neil Armstrong made the first step on the moon in July 20, 1969. As you can see, the USA has a glorious history.

Geography. Language. Nationalities. Symbols.The geographical position of the country is also very remarkable. It is a country of contrasts in landscape and climate. There are elevated and lowland regions. It has every kind of climate – from that of the tropic to that of Arctic regions and Alaska. There are also very long rivers (the Colorado, the Alabama, the Mississippi) and very large lakes in the country.

American English is different from British English. Americans say “last name”, British say “surname”; Americans say “fall”, British say “autumn”, etc. To say the truth, 30 mln Americans speak a language other than English at home. They speak Spanish, German, Chinese, Japanese, etc. It happens because America is a nation of immigrants. It was founded by immigrants and nowadays it continues to take in more immigrants than any other country in the world. In the second half of the 20^th century it took in more people from Asian countries, but before it took in mainly people from Europe. There are many nationalities nowadays, that’s why it is very important in America to be “politically correct”. For example, you should say “black person”, “native American”.

The USA is an urban nation. 2/3 (two thirds) of the population live in urban areas. There are many big cities such as New York (NY), Los Angeles (LA), Philadelphia (PA), Detroit, San Francisco and others.

The flag of the USA is called “the Stars and Stripes”. The 50 stars in the US flag stand for the 50 states; the 13 stripes (7 red and 8 white) stand for the 13 original states. The red in the flag means courage, the blue justice, the white innocence.

The government of the United States represents, serves, and protects the American people at home and in foreign countries. From the nation's capital in Washington, D.C, the U.S. government's activities and influence reach every part of the world.

The three branches of the United States government - executive, legislative, and judicial - are usually represented by the President, Congress, and the Supreme Court. Generally speaking, the President enforces the laws that Congress passes and the Supreme Court interprets these laws if any question arises.

Answer the questions:

1. When and why did the first settlers come to America? 2. What are the American well-known discoveries? 3. What is the geographical position of the USA? 4. What is the difference between American English and British English? 5. Why do they usually call America a “melting pot”? 6. What are the biggest cities of the USA? 7. Why is the name of the American flag “the Stars and Stripes”?

2. Граматичний матеріал: Теперішній подовжений час. Present Continuous Tense.

Ex. 1. Make up the negative sentences. Model: She is reading now (to write a letter). – She is not reading. She is writing a letter.

1. Helen is skating now.(to ski) 2. They are playing chess (football). 3. The students are going home (to the library). 4. Mother is making dinner (to wash dishes in the kitchen). 5. Father is working in the garden (to take a rest). 6. Ann and John are swimming there (to lie in the sun). 7. I am asking you questions (to answer your questions).

Ex. 2.Use the Present Continuous or the Present Simple Tense.

1. I (to read) a very interesting book now. 2.My friend usually (to read) a lot. 3. He (to swim) very fast. 4. Look! Somebody (to swim) over there. 5. What (to do) in the evening? Let's go to the cinema. 6. What they usually (to do) at the week-end? 7. Where is Alec? He is in the garden. I think he (to do) his morning exercises. 8. He always (to do) his morning exercises with the window open. 9. Mrs.Grey seldom (to cook meals) at home. 10. Is mother in the kitchen? Yes, she is. She (to cook) something.

Ex. 3.Make up the questions to the words underlined.

1. Lucy is taking her examination now. 2. Tom is playing chess with his friendin the dining-room. 3. Many students are going to the cafefor lunch. 4. She is 1ooking at the picture. 5. He is answering the teacher’s questions. 6. They are speaking about their work.

Ex. 4.Translate into English using the verbs in Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1. Мері зараз виконує вправи. Вона завжди виконує вправи після двох годин. 2. Зараз студенти грають у баскетбол в спортзалі. Вони грають у баскетбол 3 рази на тиждень. 3. Мы читаємо цікавий текст про Великобританію. Мы читаємо такі тексти понеділками. 4. Мама ходить за покупками по суботах. Зараз вона виходить з дому. 5. Мері пише контрольну роботу? – Так, вона виконує контрольні вправи.

3. Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування:текст “SOLUTION”

Any chemically and physically homogeneous mixture of two more substances is said to be a solution. It is possible to have solution of solids in liquids, liquids in liquids, gases in liquids, solids in solids, etc. Depending upon the size of the dispersed particles we recognize true solutions, colloidal solutions and suspensions.

If sugar is dissolved in water and the ultimate sugar particle is of molecular dimensions, then a true solution is formed. On the other hand, if very fine sand is mixed with water, consisting of many molecules, then a colloidal solution is formed.

From the pharmaceutical point of view solutions of solids in liquids are of the greatest importance. The extent of solubility of different substances varies, but it has a constant value at constant temperature.

1) solution — раствор

2) solid — твердое тело

3) liquid — жидкость

4) dimension — размер, величина

5) extent — степень

6) dispersed — рассеянные, распространенные

7) ultimate — элементарный

Ex 1 Translate into English:

рассеянные частицы (взвешенные частицы), растворяться в воде, элементарная частица, молекулярного размера, истинный раствор, коллоидный раствор, взвесь, с другой стороны, с фармацевтической точки зрения, степень растворимости, постоянная температура.

Ex 2 Answer the questions:

1) What is said to be a solution?

2) What solutions is it possible to have?

3) What solutions do we recognize?

4) How is a true solution formed?

5) How is a colloidal solution formed?

6) What can you say about the extent of solubility of different substances?

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.

Практичне заняття № 4

Тема: Традиції та свята англомовних країн.

План роботи

1.Читання та обговорення тексту. Виконання після текстових вправ

Holidays

Each of the 50 states establishes its own legal holidays. The federal government, through the President and Congress, can legally set holidays only for federal employees and for the District of Columbia. Most states, however, accept the federal legal holidays. Holidays for all federal offices, most state and local government offices, and many (but not all!) businesses are:

New Year's Day (January 1)

Martin Luther King's Birthday (third Monday in January)

Washington's Birthday, sometimes called "Presidents’ Day" (third Monday in February)

Memorial Day (last Monday in May)

Independence Day (July 4)

Labor Day (first Monday in September)

Columbus Day (second Monday in October)

Veterans' Day (November 11)

Thanksgiving Day (fourth Thursday in November)

Christmas Day (December 25)

The many religious holidays such as Good Friday, Hanukkah, or Ramadan are observed, of course, by the religious, but they have no national or official legal status. Rather, each state sets its own laws, and whether or not an employee is given time off also depends on labor agreements.

There are many traditional holidays, observed by a large number of Americans, which are also neither legal nor official. Among these are Groundhog Day, Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day (not just people with Irish ancestry will "wear the green" on March 17), Mother's Day, and Halloween (the last day of October).

The three holidays which were first observed in the U.S. but have now spread elsewhere are Labor Day (usually observed on May 1 elsewhere), Thanksgiving (in Canada), and Mother's Day (wherever there are florists, greeting-card companies, candy manufacturers, and mothers).

Perhaps the two "most American" of the holidays are the Fourth of July - Independence Day -and Thanksgiving. The Fourth of July is like a big, nationwide birthday party. Yet, it's a party that takes place in neighborhoods, on beaches or in parks, or on suburban lawns throughout the country. Some towns and cities have parades with bands and flags, and most politicians will try to give a patriotic speech or two, should anyone be willing to listen. But what makes the Fourth of July is the atmosphere and enjoyment of, for instance, the family beach party, with hot dogs and hamburgers, volleyball and softball, the fireworks and rockets at night (and, often, a sunburn and a headache the next morning). The nation's birthday is also the nation's greatest annual summer party.

Like Christmas, Thanksgiving is a day for families to come together. Traditional foods are prepared for the feast - turkey or ham, cranberry sauce and corn dishes, breads and rolls, and pumpkin pie. At the same time, Thanksgiving is a solemn occasion, a day to remember the many who are less well off, in America and throughout the world.

2. What English holidays or traditions can you name? Prepare the interesting information.

3. Граматичний матеріал: Минулий неозначений час. The Past Indefinite Tense.

Ex. 1.Change the following sentences into Past Simple. Model: My working day lasts eight hours. - My working day lasted eight hours yesterday.

1. I often get letters from my friends. 2. Do you repeat this rule every day? 3. They don’t often stay at the factory after 6 o'clock. 4. I return home in the evening every day. 5. I translate a lot of articles every day.

Ex. 2.Make up questions. Model: She left her native land. - Did she leave her native land?

1. Maria began her studies in Paris. 2. She lived in a poor street in Paris. 3. She ate cherries and fruit. 4. Marie met Pierre a few years later. 5. The university gave the students a laboratory. 6. They loved each other. 7. They became the closest friends.

Ex. 3. Make up questions. Model: He became a teacher. - What did he become?

1. I began to learn English two years ago. 2. We ate some fruit five minutes ago. 3. My friend chose this book for his report. 4. He spoke about this book two hours ago. 5. We spoke about our trip last week. 8. I heard the voice of my friend.

Ex. 4. Translate into English using was/ were.

1. Я був в Лондоні 2 роки тому. 2. Ми були в Київі минулого тижня. 3. Мері була рада бачити мене. 4. Мої друзі були вчора в кіно. 5. Студенти були зайняті минулого тижня. 6. Текст був легкий? 7. Вправи були складні? 8. Вони не були в університеті вчора. 9. Мері та Джейн не були в Москві. 10. Він не був вдома. 11. Джон не був у магазині.

Ex.5. Translate into English using the Past Simple Tense.

1. Вчора вони дивились дуже гарний фільм. 2. Вчора він почав роботу пізно. 3. Минулого тижня він розмовляв з Майклом. 4. Він загубив паспорт. 5. Він взяв книги? 6. Він ходив у кіно вчора? 7. Ви залишалися в офісі після роботи? 8. Де ви подорожували? 9. Що ви написали? 10. Яку книгу ви читали минулого тижня? 11. Він не їздив туди. 12. Він не бачив цієї телеграми.

4. Проведення словникового диктанту.

5. Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування:текст “LOUIS PASTEUR”

Louis Pasteur was born in 1822. He was a prominent French chemist, one of the founders of modern microbiology. His research work helped much to establish the field of bacteriology. In his early Pasteur devoted his energies to the discovery of microorganisms in wine and beer production. He introduced the idea of heat sterilization (pasteurization) for these products and milk.

Later he became interested in hydrophobia. He showed that viral pathogenic properties could be attenuated by pass-ing the virus through the body of a proper animal. On the basis of these observations he developed a vaccine for hydro-phobia.

Continuing his investigation L. Pasteur discovered the method to prevent some infections diseases by introducing attenuated causative agents. This method is known as vaccination. It has helped to fight against many infections diseases.

1) prominent — выдающийся, известный

2) to establish - основывать, создавать

3) to devote one's energy — посвятить свою энергию, силу

4) discovery - открытие, обнаружение

5) to be attenuated - быть ослабленным, смягченным

6) observation- наблюдение

7) to introduce - представлять, вводить в употребление.

Ex 1 Translate into English:

выдающийся французский химик, основатель современной микробиологии, посвятил свою энергию, открытие микроорганизмов, стерилизация жаром, заинтересоваться, патогенные свойства, могут быть ослаблены, на основе этих наблюдений, разработал метод предотвра-щения инфекционных заболеваний.

Ex 2 Answer the questions:

1) When was Louis Pasteur born?

2) Was he one of the founders of modern microbiology?

3) What did Pasteur devote his energies in his early years for?

4) What idea did he introduce?

5) Did Pasteur become interested in hydrophobia later?

6) What did Pasteur develop on the basis of his observations?

7) Who discovered the method of vaccination?

Література:

Модуль самостійної роботи:

Прийменник.

Дайте визначення прийменника.
На які групи поділяються прийменники за значенням?
Назвіть якомога більше прийменників та їх значення. Наведіть приклади.
Дайте характеристику багатозначності прийменників в англійській мові.

5. Назвіть прийменники, які у поєднанні з дієсловами утворюють сталі вирази. Запишіть 5 речень з прийменниками в сталих словосполученнях та перекладіть їх.

Вправа 1. Вставте прийменники on, in або into.

There are many people … the park today.
There is a girl standing … the bridge. Why is she crying? – She has dropped her doll … the water.
There is no tea ... my cup.
Pour some tea … my cup.
Put these flowers … the windowsill.
I saw many people … the platform waiting for the train.
We went … the garden and sat down … a bench.
The teacher hung a picture … the black-board.
He put his hand … his pocket, took out a letter and dropped it … the mailbox which hung … the wall of the house. Then he got … his car and drove off.
Where is the book? – It is … the table.

Вправа 2. Вставте прийменники to або of.

The young scientist was trying to prove … the professor the necessity … the experiment.
London is the capital … Great Britain.
It is clear … me that you don’t know your lesson.
He was devoted … his friend.
I explained … the teacher that by the end … the lesson I had not finished the translation … the text and that’s why I had not handed it … him. The surprise … the teacher was great. My explanation seemed strange … the teacher.
He bought a book … English poems and gave it … his sister.
I wrote … him asking to send me a box … chocolates.
There is a monument … Pushkin in the Square … Arts.

Вправа 3. Вставте прийменники with або by.

He was taken to hospital … an ambulance.
He was treated … very effective drugs.
The boy cut his finger … a knife.
The boat was carried … the waves into the open sea.
He wrote his latter … a pencil.
America was discovered … Columbus.
We eat soup … a spoon.
He was killed … a knife.
He was killed … the robbers.
He was knocked down … a big stick.
He was knocked down … a car.

Вправа 4. Вставте прийменник, якщо це необхідно.

We tried to speak … him, but he did not want to listen … us. He did not even look … us and did not answer … our questions.
Your brother complains … you. He says you always laugh … him, never speak … him and never answer … his questions.
When I entered … the room, everybody looked … me with surprise: they had not waited … me.
At the end … the street she turned … the corner, walked … the bus stop and began waiting … the bus.
My mother is afraid … rats.
“What do you complain …?” asked the doctor.
Turn … the corner … the house and look … the flowers grown … my mother: aren’t they beautiful?
He was an excellent pupil, and the teacher never complained … him.
She complained … the feeling bad and could not answer … the question … the teacher.

Література:

1. Верба Л.Г., Верба Г.В Граматика сучасної англійської мови. Посібник. – Логос, 1997.- 341 с.

2. Каушанская В. Л. Грамматика английского языка. – М., 2000. – 320с.

3. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – 3-е изд. - СПб.: Каро, 2001. – 512 с.

4. Гордон Е.М., Крылова И.П. Грамматика современного английского языка: Учебник для институтов и факультетов иностранных языков. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Высшая школа, 1980. – 335 с.

Індивідуальне читання за фахомтекст “The Disappearing Rain Forest”

At the end of this lesson another hectare of the world's forests will be destroyed forever. Why is this happening? There are two reasons - land and wood. In many countries the trees have been cut down because the land was needed for animals or crops. In other parts of the world the trees are cut down because their wood is wanted. This wood is used by the local people for firewood. Or it is exported to Japan, Europe and North America. 'There it is used for buildings or it is made into furniture.

Unfortunately, in most places the trees won't be replaced. The soil in
the forests is very thin, but it is protected by the trees. When the trees are cut down, the soil is washed away by the rain or blown away by the wind. Soon nothing can be grown on it. The forest becomes a desert. Then more land will be needed and more trees will be cut down.

When the forest is destroyed, it isn't only the trees that are lost, the homes
of millions of animals and plants are destroyed, too. At the moment there
are between five and ten million species of animals and plants on the Earth. By the year 2000, one million of these will be extinct - that's one species every hour. All kinds of species are in danger - fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, insects and shellfish - as well as thousands of plants.

Who is to blame for this disaster? The answer is simple: all of us. There are just too many people in the world. The world's population is now over one billion people. Of course, it's very easy to blame the local people. We don't chop down trees. They do. But the products are bought by people like you and me – the hi-fi with its teak loudspeakers, or the nice mahogany chairs. Why are the forests being destroyed? Just look around. You're probably sitting on it or listening to it.

Answer the questions:

1. Why are the forests being destroyed? 2. Who is to blame? 3. What other problem does the destruction of the forest cause? 4. Why won’t new forests be planted? 5. What is this text about and what do you know about the problem?

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. інозем. філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

Підсумкова тека:

Ex. 1. Insert the verb to be or to have in the Present Simple Tense.

1. Не ... а good student. 2. They ... old friends. 3. I ... a teacher. 4. She ... one sister and two brothers. 5. We ... a large library at school. 6. They ... a new flat.

Ex. 2.Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. They are in Europe now. 2. Sheis a clever girl. 3. It is cold today. 4. Both sisters are tall. 4. We have many friends in Moscow. 5. Harry's dog has a long tail. 6. He has breakfast at 9 in the morning. 7. They sometimes have a rest in the park.

Ex. 3.Use there is / are in the following sentences. Translate them into Ukrainian.

1. ... a new moon tonight. 2. ... someone at the door. 3. ... a lot of students absent today. 4. ... three lamps in the room. 5. ... two large windows in the room

Ex. 4.Open the brackets in Present Simple.

1. We (read) the newspaper in class every day. 2. He always (prepare) his homework carefully. 3. We always (play) tennis on Saturdays. 4. She (speak) several foreign languages.

Ex. 5.Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. Не knows French perfectly. 2. I understand everything he says. 3. She makes mistakes in spelling. 4. They enjoy their English lessons. 5. They live in Lviv.

Ex. 6.Make these sentences imperative and translate them into Ukrainian.

l. (Give) this to John. 2. (Open) the door. 3. (Close) the door. 4. (Let) him talk with her. 5. (Leave) your hat on the chair. 6. (Lend) me a pencil.

Ex. 7.Use the verbs in brackets in Past Simple.

1. We (work) in our garden all day yesterday. 2. I (listen) to the radio until twelve o'clock last night. 3. He always (want) to learn English. 4. Ann and I (talk) over the telephone yesterday. 5. The weather yesterday (to be) very warm. 6. We (to be) good friends for many years.

Ex. 8.Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. We were pleased to receive your letter. 2. The door of the office was open. 3. They stayed in Moscow all summer. 4. She planned her work well. 5. The crowd waited for a long time to see the famous actor. 6. He entered this class in April.

Ex. 10.Choose the word (a, b, c, d) that best completes the sentence. Write the number of the sentence and the letter of the answer, e.g. 1 dc, 2 ab, 3 ab.

1. I … to the cinema last week a) go b) went c) will go. 2. The boy usually … good marks when he was a first-year student a) get b) got c) will get. 3. Mary and her sister … chess every evening but today they are going to the theatre a) play b) played c) will play. 4. She … very early two days ago a) wake up b) woke up c) will wake up. 5. He … a new TV film tomorrow a) see b) saw c) will see. 6. Some years ago the trains … at this station a) stop b) stopped c) will stop.

ІV. Змістовий модуль „Україна. Херсон. Подорож містом”

Практичне заняття № 1

Тема: Географічне розташування та політична система України. Київ.

1. Вивчити нову лексику з теми. Підготуватись до диктанту

sovereign - суверенна

a state- держава

а representative - представник

а majority – більшість

powerful – сильний, могутній

to become (became, become) – ставати

to capture – захопити, взяти в полон, закарбувати, відбити, зафіксувати

since – відтоді, з (зі), з тих пір, з того часу

fighting – боротьба

to divide – ділити, розділяти

a region – регіон, область

a coat of arms – герб

a seal – печатка, клеймо

power – влада, сила, енергетичний

one-chamber – однопалатний

main – основний

law – закон

certain - певний, деякий, визначений

right – право, правий

freedom – свобода, воля , вільність

to determine – визначати, вирішити, установлювати

civil - цивілізований, громадський, громадянський

duty – мито, обов’язок, режим

a coast – берег, узбережжя

to bathe – купатись, митись, омиватись

navigable – льотний, морехідний, судноплавний

mild – лагідний, помірний, тихий

warm – теплий, сердешний, пристрасний, свіжий

fertile – насичений, плодовитий, родючий

soil – грунт, земля

development – розвиток, ріст, розбудова

a branch – відділення, галузь, філіал

coal –вугілля

ore – метал, руда

great – великий, величезний, видатний, чудовий

to crisscross – перехрещуватися, розсікати, перетинати

a railroad – залізнична колія

a highway – шосе, траса

a pipeline – трубопровід

close – тісний, короткий, густий, рясний

a tie – краватка, зв'язок

2. Відповісти на запитання. Прочитати , перекласти та вивчити напам’ять текст.

Answer the questions:

1) What is the territory of Ukraine?

2) What place does Ukraine occupy in the world as to its territory?

3) What countries does Ukraine border with?

4) What is the climate of Ukraine?

5) What Ukrainian rivers do you know?

6) What have the Black Sea and navigable rivers promoted in Ukraine?

7) What can you say about the landscape of Ukraine?

8) Why is the geographical position favorable for the development of Ukraine’s industry?

Learn by heart: the national emblems of Ukraine are the coat of arms, the flag, and the seal. The President is the highest official of the Ukrainian state. The only legislative body of Ukraine is the Parliament – The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Legislative power is exercised by a single-chamber Parliament which comprises 450 deputies. The main function of the Verkhovna Rada is making laws. The cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is the supreme executive authority. The highest judicial body is the Constitutional Court. Ukraine has a multy-party system.

1) What are drawn on the walls of Saint Michael’s Cathedral?

2) Who gave money to restore the statue of Saint Michael?

3) Who are the patron saints of Kyiv?

4) What do you know about Desyatinnaya Church? Why was it called so?

5) Where is Andreyevskiy Slope situated and why is it called so?

6) What are the museums of Kyiv?

7) Why do a lot of people gather at Maidan Nezalezhnosti?

2.Граматичний матеріал: Минулий подовжений час. The Past Continuous Tense.

+	I (he, she, it) was listening to music at 5 o’clock yesterday. We (you) they were working when my friend came.
-	Was I (he, she, it) listening to music at 5 o’clock yesterday? Were we (you) they working when my friend came?
?	I (he, she, it) was not listening to music at 5 o’clock yesterday. (wasn’t) We (you) they were not working when my friend came. (weren’t)

Ex. 1. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. We were working at 4 o’clock yesterday. 2. She was leaving the house at that time. 3. My friends were walking in the street at 10 yesterday. 4. When I came back my mother was cooking dinner. 5. I was having a bath when the phone rang.

Ex 2.Open the brackets using the verbs in Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1. We (not to go) on a tramp last summer. 2. What you (to do) when your sister (to come) home yesterday? 3. He (not to go) to the shop yesterday. 4. Nick (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 5. Rick (to sleep) at eleven o'clock yesterday. 6. We (to play) badminton from nine till eleven yesterday. 7. Kate (not to go) for a walk yesterday. She (to write) a composition the whole day yesterday. 8. When your father (to come) home yesterday? - He (to come) home at seven o'clock. 9. When my father (to come) home yesterday, my mother (to make) supper. 10. I (to feed) my cat with fish yesterday. Ex 3Open the brackets using the verbs in Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1. The cat (to take) a piece of fish and then (to run) away. 2. I (to go) to bed at half past eleven. 3. Yesterday I (to get) up at seven o'clock. 4. At this time yesterday we (to have) dinner. 5. He (to write) a letter when I (to come) in. 6. He (to put) on his coat and cap, (to open) the door and (to go) out. 7. Yesterday he (to write) a letter to his friend. 8. When I (to look) at them, they (to smile) at me. 9. What you (to do) at six o'clock yesterday? 10. He (to come) back to St. Petersburg on the 15th of January.

3. Робота над текстом за профілем спрямування:текст “D.LMENDELEYEV (1834—1907)”

A Russian name appeared in 1964 on the honorary board of science at Bridgeport University, USA: Mendeleyev was added to the list of the greatest geniuses— Euclid, Archimedes, Copernicus, Galilei, Newton and Lavoisier. D. I. Mendeleyev, the explorer of nature, is the greatest chemist of the world. The Mendeleyev system has served for almost 150 years as a key to discovering new elements and it has retained its key capacity until now.

D. I. Mendeleyev was the fourteenth and the last child of the Director of the Gymnasium at Tobolsk. After finishing school at the age of 16 he was taken by his mother to St. Petersburg and entered the Pedagogical Institute in 1850, took a degree in chemistry in 1856 and in 1859 he was sent abroad for two years for further training. He returned to St. Petersburg in 1861 as Professor of Chemistry and gave a course of lectures on chemistry at St. Petersburg's University. His lectures were always listened to with great interest and attention. Even in class of two hundred students everyone was able to follow his discussions from the beginning to the end. Interesting experiments were made in his classes.

In 1868 Mendeleyev began to write a great text book of chemistry, known in its English translation as the "Principles of Chemistry" Hard work preceded it. Mendeleyev made thousands of experiments and calculation, wrote a lot of letters, and studied many reports. Everything in the world that was known about chemical elements Mendeleyev knew. For months, for years he searched for missing data. All those data were being brought together and groupedin a special way.. When compiling this, he tried to find some system of classifying the elements some sixty in all then known whose properties he was describing. This led him to formulate the Periodic Law: "The properties of elements and, consequently, the properties of the simple and complex bodies formed from them are periodic functions of their atomic weights". The Law earned him lasting international fame. He presented it verbally to the Russian Chemical Society in October 1868 and published it in February 1869. But Mendeleyev was recognized as the author of the Periodic Law only after gallium, scandium and germanium had been discovered in France, Sweden and Germany and after the properties of a number of elements predicted by Mendeleyev had been confirmed.

In this paper he set out clearly his discovery that if the elements are arranged in order of their atomic weights, chemically related elements appear at regular intervals. The great-ness of Mendeleyev's achievement lies in the fact that he had discovered a generalization that not only unified an enormous amount of existing information but pointed the way to further progress.

Today the Periodic Law is studied by millions of school children and by students at higher educational establishments of natural sciences and engineering. It is studied by philosophers, historians, teachers and chemists.

The law serves as a basis for thousands of researches. The Periodic Law crossed national boundaries and has become the property of all nations, just like the works of Newton, Lomonosov, Pavlov, Lobachevsky, Einstein and other. In our country the Russian Chemical Society, a number of higher and secondary schools, some industrial plants have been named after Mendeleyev. The Academy of Sciences and the Mendeleyev Society award the Mendeleyev Prize and the Mendeleyev Gold Medal for outstanding research work in chemistry.

1) honorary board — доска славы, почета

2) missing data — недостающие данные, сведения

3) when compiling this — собирая все материалы и факты

4) some sixty in all — всего около шестидесяти

5) verbally — устно.

Література:

3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. iнозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

Практичне заняття № 2

Тема: . Інтеграція України до Європейського Союзу.

План роботи

1.Читання та обговорення тексту.