Ex. 4. Find in the dictionary derivatives, synonyms and antonyms of the words from Vocabulary Notes.
UNIT THREE
INTRODUCING LONDON
DISCUSSION
Ex. 1. Read the texts Introducing London and Some More Glimpses of London and choose the right answer:
1. The Serpentine is…
a. A shady avenue in Hyde Park
b. A circular road round London
c. A canal in Hyde Park
d. London Zoo.
2. The Serpentine is called so, because it resembles …
a. An elephant
b. A very big snake
c. A branch of the fir-tree
d. Christmas tree.
3. The name of Trafalgar originally belongs to …
a. A big Spanish town
b. A Portuguese village
c. A French island
d. A cape of Iberian Peninsula.
4. On top of the column in Piccadilly Circus there is a statue of …
a. Eros
b. L’Amour
c. Apollo
d. AIDS
5. Rotten Row is …
a. A famous market place
b. An ancient street in London
c. A wasteground outside London
d. A spot for horse-riding in Hyde Park.
6. The name of Threadneedle Street is usually associated with …
a. East End seamstresses
b. West End department stores
c. Westminster fashion styles
d. Financial centre of the City.
7. ‘Whitehall’ often stands for …
a. The Royal Family
b. British Parliament
c. The Government of the UK
d. British public opinion.
8. … is considered to be Britain’smost respectable newspaper.
a. The Times
b. Time
c. The daily express
d. The National Geographic.
9. St. Paul’s Cathedral was built by …
a. Edward the Confessor
b. Sir Christopher Wren
c. William the Conqueror
d. Michelangelo Buonarrotti.
10. Due to its geographical position London is always in danger of …
a. Floods
b. Conflagrations
c. Great Fire
d. Simooms.
11. For most Londoners a double-decker is …
a. An old man-of-war
b. A bus
c. A bed in a jail cell
d. A bed for two persons.
12. The Beefeaters are …
a. Muslims who don’t eat pork
b. Carnivorous animals
c. Guards of the Tower
d. Frequenters of restaurants.
13. The name of Fleet Street used to be associated with …
a. The Royal Navy
b. The Merchant Fleet
c. The Church of England
d. British Press.
14. Hyde Park was originally …
a. A royal hunting ground
b. The famous woods of Robin Hood
c. The largest park in London
d. The place to hide the Crown Jewels.
15. Little Venice bears its name because …
a. It is little
b. Only poor people live there
c. It resembles Venice
d. Only rich people live there.
Ex. 2. Read supplementary texts on p. 99-100. Try and find some more information about London and Great Britain in order to answer the following questions:
A. 1. How old is London?
2. Did Julius Caesar conquer it?
3. How long were the Roman legions stationed in Britain?
4. Why did the country change its name for England?
5. What Anglo-Saxon kingdom did London belong to in the early Middle Ages?
6. Who built Westminster Palace and Abbey? When was it?
7. How did Duke William of Normandy get his name of the Conqueror?
8. What do you know about the Battle of Hastings?
9. Whose idea was it to build the Tower of London? What was the reason for that project?
10. What was the official language in England after the Norman Conquest? In what ways did it influence further development of English?
B. 1. When did Parliament emerge in England?
2. How did the Church of England come into being?
3. What do you know about Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth of England?
4. Who were the Jacobites?
5. What main historic events are usually associated with the name of Queen Victoria?
6. When did they start the Underground in London?
7. Where are the main burial places for the leading British generals and intellectuals? Can you name some of those outstanding personalities?
8. What London museums are known best all over the world?
9. Could you describe the part played by Londoners in the Battle of Britain?
10. What is, in your opinion, the best way to see London quickly and efficiently?
Ex. 3. Choose the best answer:
1. What is the meeting place for Parliament?
a. Westminster Palace
b. Westminster Abbey
c. The Tower of London
d. The Capitol.
2. What are the functions of Lord Chancellor?
a. He heads the Government
b. He presides over the House of Lords
c. He leads Her Majesty’s Opposition
d. He is responsible for Her Majesty’s household.
3. Who bears the title of Prince Consort?
a. The Queen’s eldest son
b. Prince of Wales’s next brother
c. The former King after abdication
d. The husband of the reigning Queen.
4. When was the present-day building for Parliament designed?
a. By Sir Christopher Wren in 1720
b. By Sir Charles Barry in 1840
c. By James M. Barrie in 1880
d. By Peter Pan in 1940.
5. Which are the leading parties in modern Britain’s political life?
a. The Tories and the Wigs
b. Liberal and Democratic
c. Labour and Conservative
d. Republican and Democratic.
6. What is the highest legislative authority in the UK?
a. The House of Lords
b. The House of Commons
c. Queen in the Parliament
d. Cabinet of Ministers.
7. The United Kingdom is usually referred to as a constitutional monarchy. When was the Constitution adopted?
a. Magna Carta in 1215
b. Declaration of Independence in 1776
c. The Bill of Rights in 1689
d. The UK does not have any written Constitution yet.
8. The Prime Minister is appointed by …
a. The party that wins general election
b. The Queen
c. The House of Commons
d. By both Chambers of Parliament.
9. Members of the House of Lords fall into four categories. Which of them have the right to vote?
a. Princes of Royal Blood
b. Hereditary Lords
c. Life Peers
d. Spiritual Lords.
10. What does the title ‘Chamberlain’ mean?
a. A rank at the Royal Court
b. Queen’s valet
c. Deputy Head of the Cabinet
d. The Speaker of the House of Commons.
11. Which definition actually refers to London’s Cenotaph?
a. A war memorial
b. An artifact from Egypt, brought to England by archaeologists
c. Half-man, half-horse of old Greek myths
d. Any tomb with no body inside.
LEXICAL STUDIES
Ex. 4. Find in the dictionary derivatives, synonyms and antonyms of the words from Vocabulary Notes.
Ex. 5. Translate the following into Ukrainian commenting on the usage of the words in bold type:
A.
1. Dr. Sandford was doing his morning exercises. He bent forward making intensive circular movements with his arms. 2. The other day we received a circular letter from the Ministry of Education allowing us to raise tuition fee. 3. The National Geographic, a popular US monthly on geography and nature, has the biggest circulation in the country. 4. The bird approached him, moving around in wide circles, which bit by bit grew narrower. 5. Norilsk is the biggest town in the world situated north of the Arctic Circle. 6. Jack was puzzled. Solving this problem semed as hopeless as squaring a circle. 7. Euro is now the only currency legally in circulation in most EC countries except the UK where pound holds firmly its position. 8. From times immemorial sailors have found their way at sea by the Sun and stars paying special attention to the White Circle, or Milky Way, clearly seen against the dark sky. 9. The big clock of the City Hall struck midnight. Some ghostly shadows lurked in the streets of the town. 10. It struck me as odd that she should meet me so late at such a queer place. 11. Lanny struck a match and lit a cigarette. 12. Miners in Donbass went on strike a fortnight ago. They demand that their salaries should be increased according to the rising cost of living. 13. The snake gazed at Bernard with those shiny fascinating eyes of his. With great effort Bernard tried to step back but he was never able even to finish the movement. The poisonous creature struck. 14. The front-page headlines were in the boldest type: “Stiletto strikes again! Big Dutch found dead in his office!” 15. “Don’t touch her,” Arnold cried out. “I know the girl. She won’t let you intimidate her. She can strike back and I bet she will”. 16. Marilyn stepped forward, her eyes dark and glaring. She struck Billy on the cheek, then on the other. “Get out of here, you scum”, yelled she, “and don’t ever dream of coming back!” 17. Alongside with “The Yellow Submarine”, “Yesterday” is widely acknowledged as the greatest hit of The Beatles. 18. Edward suddenly turned back and hit Detective Baxter on the chin as hard as he could. He fell heavily onto the ground. 19. Billy the Kid was a real marksman. The first bullet hit the centre of the target, and then three more in a rapid succession.
B.
1. Susan Stewart was quite surprised to see Harry Bennett at her door with a bonsai tree in his hands. 2. The victory was won mainly because the enemy had been taken by surprise. 3. “Stop talking”, the teacher said. “I am surprised by you”. 4. “I have a surprise for you,” Mother said. “This summer we’re going to Switzerland”. 5. The scene was most unusual. To put it mildly, we were astonished to see Dr. Sandford dancing some wild jig in the middle of the street while a crowd of passers-by was gazing at him with evident awe. 6. Poirot did not conceal his satisfaction. The last piece of information fitted and the jigsaw puzzle was complete at last. 7. For more than a hundred years crossword puzzles have been popular among numerous readers of newspapers and magazines. 8. The result obtained by careful calculation was so unexpected that I was puzzled: nothing seemed to be likely enough to have produced it. 9. To err is human. 10. W. Somerset Maugham, who was a brilliant expert in psychology, called one of his best novels ‘Of Human Bondage’. 11. A woman of 26 was granted a divorce yesterday at Old bailey on grounds of inhuman treatment. She said her husband had driven her into belief that he was a US Marine Corps officer. Later she discovered he was English, and a civilian. The judge ruled that the shock she had received on learning he was not American amounted to cruelty. 12. After World War I the League of Nations worked out a number of international conventions providing for humane treatment of POWs and civilians during a war and preventing the employment of particularly inhuman methods of warfare. 13. Since classical times all branches of human knowledge have been traditionally divided into the Humanities and the Sciences. 14. The Nuremberg Trial led to conviction of leading Nazi politicians and generals for having committed serious crimes against humanity. 15. The humanist philosophers of the Renaissance period were the first to raise the problem of ensuring well-being for the whole of mankind. 16. The hypothetical possibility of contacts between humans and aliens has been discussed since mankind started exploring the outer space. 17. The international conflicts of recent years left many people jobless, homeless and often completely helpless, requiring substantial humanitarian aid in order simply to survive.
C.
1. “My husband is taking a course in carpentry,” said Mary to her friend Jane. “He’s always taking bits of furniture to pieces nowadays and trying to put them together again”. 2. Coming home, Ryan saw, with astonishment growing into annoyance, a monster of a new dining-room suite bought by Barbara. It consisted of about twenty pieces: a huge dining-table, twelve armchairs with carved legs and upright backs, a buffet, a cupboard, some odd-looking cabinets, a pair of trolleys and what not. 3. Among other thins, Donald was presented with a special gift, a solid mahogany chessboard with a check pattern in ebony and ivory. The pieces were obviously of the same materials but encrusted with gold and silver. 4. One piece of news on television that night was of particular interest: a prisoner succeeded in escaping from Princeville Prison and hundreds of policemen had to be sent to find him and put him back behind the bars. 5. London museums and art galleries are full of masterpiecescreated by Gainsborough, Reynolds, Constable, Turner as well as by many outstanding foreign artists. 6. Some pieces of poetry written by Shevchenko have been unsurpassed in the whole of the world literature due to the depth of feeling and intensity of emotions. 7. She preferred tea to coffee, and the tea was to be fresh, strong and with two lumps of sugar per cup. Finely sliced lemon added a delicate flavour, making her enjoy every cup she was drinking. 8. Joe desperately searched in his pockets. A silver piece and a few small coins, that was all. Now he was almost literally penniless. 9. Any living language is in constant process of development. Every year new words are coined to denote new things, phenomena and ideas. 10. In the Middle Ages only sovereigns and a few half-independent dukes and counts had the right to strike the coins of their own. 11. Ben Vickers was frustrated and disappointed. He did know a lot of things, but under the circumstances they all proved to be of little worth. 12. The old house, the rose-beds long neglected, the toys, the childish dreams – all those trifles, completely unimportant for the rest of the world, suddenly seemed to be of great worth for Margaret. 13. “Under such conditions, dear sir”, said the Count, irritation growing beneath his good manners, “I am afraid, the game is not going to be worth even the candles burnt”. 14. With his usual hypocrisy, Lord Burghley signed the letter: “Thus I remain forever humble and unworthy servant of Your Royal Majesty”. Then he carefully folded the paper and sealed the envelope with his private seal. 15. “Father Brown”, he went onto say, “is an exceptionally worthy gentleman in the full meaning of the word. If I were you, I would undoubtedly find it worthwhilelistening to his advice”. 16. As Pushkin put it, Nikolai Karamzin was the last Russian chronicler and the first historian. His famous work The History of the State of Russia in twelve volumes was highly appreciated by his contemporaries. 17. Evaluation of historic documents requires experience, analytical frame of mind and a good deal of reasonable skepticism based on minute studies of the epoch concerned. 18. “I would like to tell you the story of a woman, one of my former patients,” said the doctor, “who is no longer among the living. Her story is as unique as it is tragic”. 19. Historical approach usually implies judging historic personalities by the laws of their own times, not ours.
Ex. 6. Paraphrase the following sentences using active vocabulary:
1. Sir Walter Scott wrote many widely known books, which describe the events of the past. 2. What he told us about his life was emotional and instructive. 3. I’d like to tell you what happened to a friend of mine. It was rather funny. 4. Anton Chekhov is considered one of the greatest masters of narrative genre. 5. I think it wise to see this film. 6. Mr. Bloomingdale justly enjoys everybody’s respect. 7. As far as I know, Jerome is a low and cunning man, liked by nobody. 8. In the course of the History of World Literature studies students are expected to get acquainted with the very best works created by the greatest writers all over the globe. 9. Mary went to the kitchen and made some sandwiches, cutting cheese into thin pieces and spreading small bits of butter over bread. 10. A new bedroom suite bought by the young couple consisted of fourteen separate things: a double bed, two bedside tables, a chest of drawers, chairs, a dressing-table with a triple mirror, a dressing-stool, a hassock etc. 11. All the coins, especially five-cent and ten-cent ones, were brand new, shining, and tempting to spend them on something forbidden. 12. The 20th century saw the invention of a lot of devices that considerably changed the way of life of all the people. 13. UN relief divisions provide for people who lost their property as a result of wars or natural disasters. 14. Good treatment of animals is particularly characteristic of the English. 15. Surgical treatment in the Middle Ages was very painful and rather unkind to patients. 16. Being hurt by Joe’s hint, Jack dealt him a good blow on the chin. 17. The clock chimed eleven: it was no use to go on waiting. 18. This group has recently delivered a new CD with their most popular songs. 19. The question was so unexpected that I was confused and did not know what to say. 20. They shouldn’t know what we’re going to present them with. It’s got to be a secret. 21. Ann recognized the young man on the photo at a glance: family likeness was too obvious. 22. Gripped with horror, Bill found himself in the dead end. He doubted if there really was a way out. 23. We will refuse to do the work if the owners keep violating the agreement. 24. Our situation was not to be envied: the enemies were both in front of us and behind our positions; they were also to the right and to the left. 25. The room is very stuffy: the air doesn’t come in it or go out. 26. There was a round-shaped carpet in the middle of the living-room. 27. If you have a pair of compasses, you can draw a specific geometrical figure. 28. The news about his arrival has been spreading for some time in the town.
Ex. 7. Translate into English:
A.
1. Наш викладач історії розповідає нам про події минулого та про гідних людей, що створювали та розбудовували Україну. 2. Безперечно, історія варта пильного та ретельного вивчення. 3. У Харкові чимало будівель та пам’ятних місць, пов’язаних з історичними подіями XVII-XX сторіч. 4. Створення історичного фільму, якого було б варто подивитися, вимагає, як правило, чимало коштів. 5. Послухай! Вона хоче нам розповісти незвичайну історію. 6. Завтра наша група вирушає на екскурсію до Історичного музею. 7. Ти чув, що пана Мейгерна нагороджено орденом Британської Імперії? - Я не вважаю його гідним такої нагороди. 8. Сподіваюся, юначе, що ви виправдаєте виявлену вам довіру. 9. Ермітаж, як і Британський музей, - то всесвітньо відомі сховища шедеврів образотворчого мистецтва. 10. Пуаро пильно вдивлявся у невеличкий клаптик паперу, на якому ледь можна було розібрати похапцем накарябаний номер телефону. 11. Філіп Марлоу, приватний детектив, завітав до найближчої кав’ярні та замовив філіжанку кави з двома грудками цукру та скибочкою лимона. 12. Джейкоб зголоднів як вовк. Він заскочив до кухні, але там нічого не залишилося, крім кусня хліба та декількох шматочків шинки. 13. «Гадаю, ця картина варта добрих грошей,» - сказав він. – «Якщо ваша ласка, я дам вам дві поради. По-перше, придбайте її – це мусить вразити вашого майбутнього тестя. А по-друге, спробуйте повісити поряд який-небудь віршик – що менш відомий, то краще. Це змусить розгубитися та замислитися ваших гостей». 14. З багатьох новин одна привернула до себе увагу Ненсі: подорож до Вашингтона віднині коштуватиме вдвічі більше, ніж раніше.
Б.
1. Відображення краси людського тіла було темою багатьох шедеврів живопису епохи Відродження. 2. Суть епохи Відродження – гуманізм, тобто зосередження уваги на людині, її внутрішньому світові, її творчих здібностях. 3. Однією з улюблених тем наукової фантастики є стосунки між людьми та роботами, і ця проблема поступово набуває практичного характеру. 4. Найперше завдання педагогіки – прищепити дітям і підліткам людяність у їхніх стосунках з навколишнім світом. 5. Я навчаюся у Харківському гуманітарному університеті «Народна українська академія». 6. Мене вразил цілковита невідповідність його розповіді тому, що я бачив на власні очі. 7. Лейтенант поліції Бернард Вільсон грюкнув кулаком по столу. «Коли я запитую, мені завжди відповідають,» - гаркнув він. – «Затямив?» 8. Багатьом великим містам США і сьогодні властиві вражаючи контрасти між кварталами, де мешкають білі американці та їх чорношкірі співгромадяни. 9. Кухонна шафа висіла занадто низько, і Джейн боляче вдарилася об неї головою й плечем. 10. Ваш виступ на вчорашньому засіданні Вченої Ради був для мене повною несподіванкою. 11. Мері буде дуже здивована, як побачить мене у такому екстравагантному вбранні. 12. Багато американців і людей в усьому світі були приголомшені звісткою про терористичні акти в Нью-Йорку та Вашингтоні у вересні 2001 року. На деякий час мільйони людей були охоплені страшенною панікою. 13. Англійський лікар Вільям Гарвей увійшов в історію людства тому, що він відкрив велике коло кровообігу в організмі людини. 14. Незабаром в обіг буде введено нові монети в одну і дві гривні. 15. Персонажі багатьох оповідань А. Конан-Дойла належать до найвищих верств сучасного письменникові англійського суспільства.
Ex. 8. Translate into English using Word Combinations:
1. Будинок нагадув поле бою. Все було шкереберть, меблі зламані на куски. 2. Вранці, коли мандрівники прокинулися, вони дуже здивувалися: єдине вікно в кімнаті було ціле, але велике дзеркало, що стояло в кутку, було розбите на мілкі уламки. 3. Середньовікові алхіміки мріяли знайти «філософський камінь», який дозволив би перетворювати будь-які метали на золото. 4. «Мені не подобається, як ти розмовляєш з цим гідним юнаком,» - скрикнув старий Хотабич. – «Стережися! Я перетворю тебе на жабу або на мавпу!» 5. Здавалося, вони потрапили до замкнутого кола: в них не було й найменшої можливості звернутися до поліції, але не можна було й приховувати те, що трапилося. 6. «Рушайте до Іспанії,» - порадив доктор містеру Велентайну. – «У вас буде рідка нагода познайомитися з людьми, що належать до вузького кола тамтешньої аристократії». 7. В газетах досить часто назва столичного міста або урядової резиденції використовується як синонім уряду даної країни. Так, «Кремль» означає уряд або президента Росії; «Білий Дім» - адміністрацію США, а «Даунінг-стріт 10» відповідає поняттю «прем’єр-міністр Великобританії». 8. Фільм «Титанік» виявився дуже вдалим. Він завоював одинадцять «Оскарів» та виявився гідним таких нагород. 9. «Дозвольте дати вам одну пораду: коли будете в Лондоні, обов’язково відвідайте музей природознавства. Ви здивуєтесь, як багато там цікавого та корисного», - сказала місіс Брейтвейт. 10. Музей Вікторії та Альберта має багату колекцію зображувального та прикладного мистецтва. 11. Сюзан побажала Гаррі Беннету щасливо добратися додому. 12. Друзі порадили Лінді поїхати у подорож до Австрійських Альп. Вони сказали, що велична панорама прославлених гір вразить її уяву. 13. В цей час держсекретар Сполучених Штатів їде в турне по странах Ближнього Сходу в надії досягти мирного урегулювання в регіоні. 14. Вона ніяк не очікувала зустріти нас в Південному Кенсінгтоні. Вона була дійсно вражена. 15. Для них було неочікуваним побачити куток живої природи в самому центрі Лондона. 16. Щоб розпалити вогнище, достатньо чиркнути сірником. Але скількох зусиль та часу знадобилося людству для такого простого та ефективного винаходу. 17. Рішення Вашингтона самостійно проводити антитерористичну операцію нанесло чуттєвого удару по престижу Уайтхолла.