Examples: Corporation Tax calculations

Example 1. Standard rate of tax Company A has accounts year ending 31 December 2015. It has taxable profits for the year GBP 2,000,000.

Company A's Corporation Tax for 2015 is GBP 2,000,000х33% = GBP 660,000.

Example 2. Small companies rate of tax Company В has accounts year ending 31 December 2015. It has taxable profits for the year of GBP 150,000. It has no associated companies.

Company B's Corporation Tax for 2015 is GBP 150,000х25% = GBP 37,500.

2. Underline the answers true to the text:

• After what lecture did the group visit a lawyers' firm?	On taxation. On lawyers. On lawyers' firms.
• By what means of transport did they go?	By taxis. By tube. By bus.
• Who is Mr. Brown?	Secretary. Head of a department. Head of the firm.
• How many lawyers were present at the talk?	Only Mr. Brown. Mr. Brown and a colleague of his. Mr Brown and a few colleagues of his.
• On what matters did they speak?	Only on commercial taxes. Only on international taxes. Only on Project Finance taxes. On a few taxation matters.
• Did the participants ask any questions?	Yes, and quite a lot. Yes, just a few. No, they didn't.
• What guides were they offered?	Latest tax guides. Latest project finance guides. Latest corporation tax guides.

3. Match English and Russian equivalents:

containing current tax rates	общая прибыль
containing tax saving hints	отчетный год
standard rate	налогооблагаемая выручка
small companies rate	налогооблагаемая прибыль
the tax rate is applicable to...	пороговая сумма уменьшается
total profits	иметь другие (ассоциированные) компании
chargeable gains	содержать действующие ставки налогов
taxable profit	содержать информацию о легальных путях сокращения выплаты налогов
the threshold is reduced	обычная ставка
to have associated companies	ставка для малого бизнеса
accounts year	эта ставка применяется к...

4. Insert articles and prepositions:

• On ____ certain day after ____ lecture on ____ UK taxation system. ____ group was to visit ____ Tax Department of ____ lawyers' firm in ____ center of London. Mr. Hill and ____ participants went there by tube which is ____ fastest means of transport.

•After they got ____ the building ____ the firm they went ____ the secretary's office. And Mr. Hill spoke ____ the secretary for some time. Then they moved ____ the conference room. ____ conference room a few Englishmen were waiting ____ the Group.

5. Complete the sentences:

Mr. Brown, ____, welcomed the Group and introduced ____. They were solicitors ____ of different offices. Each of them spoke ____. Thus the participants had some information on ____ and other taxation matters. A lot of ____ answered then. The discussions were ____. Before the participants left they were offered ____ hints.

UNIT 26

VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT)

1. Read and translate the text:

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a Government tax. At present the standard VAT rate is 17,5%. Everyone in Britain must pay VAT on almost everything they buy. VAT is usually incorporated in the price.

Visitors to Britain can reclaim the tax when they leave Britain and present the appropriate documents issued by the shop. Usually when they buy rather expensive things like furs, gold, hi-fi goods etc., they should wonder if the shop operates the VAT scheme.

One day during their stay in London one of the participants went shopping and came into a small jeweler's shop to buy a gold chain for his wife.

Here is his talk with the shop assistant:

Participant: Excuse me, may I have a look at one of the chains displayed in the window?

Shop assistant: Certainly, sir. What number is it?

Participant: It's nine three five, over there.

Shop assistant: Just a minute.... Yes, here you are.

Participant: And how long is it?

Shop assistant: 25 inches, sir.

Participant: And how much is it in centimeters?

Shop assistant: Let me see... oh, here is the calculator... I should multiply it by two point five two. Oh, yes, sixty three.

Participant: Very good. Just the length I wanted to have. And how much is it?

Shop assistant: One hundred and ninety nine pounds.

Participant: Good. I'm buying it.

Shop assistant: ... Here is your box and the receipt please.

Participant: Excuse me, may I reclaim the VAT tax?

Shop assistant: And where are you from?

Participant: From Russia.

Shop assistant: Just a minute, I'll consult the book. Yes, you are eligible to the reclaim. May I have your passport to fill in the form?

Participant: Here you are.

Shop assistant: Here is your passport and the form. Please fill in this sheet before you give it to the customs. How are you leaving? By plane?

Participant: Yes, by plane. And what should I do about this form?

Shop assistant: Fill in this sheet before you leave for the airport and have it stamped at the customs, at the airport. Then post it. In a month or so you will receive a cheque by post. Have it cashed at the bank stated, in Russia.

Participant: I see. Thank you very much.

Shop assistant: You are more than welcome.

2. Match English and Russian equivalents:

the standard rate	дорогие вещи
to pay VAT	платить НДС
The tax is incorporated in the price.	обычная ставка
to reclaim the tax	Налог включен в цену.
appropriate documents	Если на данный магазин распространяется этот порядок...
The shop issues the documents.	соответствующие документы
If the shop operates the scheme ...	Магазин выписывает эти документы.
expensive things	попросить вернуть этот налог

3. Insert articles and prepositions:

• Excuse me, may I have ____ look at one of... chains displayed in... window?

Just ____ minute.

Here is ____ calculator.

Just ____ length I wanted to have.

Here is your box and ____ receipt, please.

May I reclaim ____ VAT tax?

I'll consult ____ book.

•Where are you ____?

Yes, you are eligible ____ the reclaim.

Please fill in this form. You'll give it ____ the customs.

Are you leaving ____ plane?

What should I do ____ this form?

Fill it in before you leave ____ the airport.

Have it stamped ____ the customs, ____ the airport.

In a month or so you'll receive a cheque ____ post.

Have it cashed ____ the bank stated.

4. Translate into English:

Могу я получить НДС обратно? –

Что мне делать с этой формой? –

заполнить форму –

предъявить форму на таможне –

поставить штамп на этой форме –

опустить форму (конверт) в почтовый ящик –

получить деньги по чеку в банке –

5. Answer the following questions:

• Had you heard anything about the VAT scheme in Great Britain before you read this text?

• On what goods can foreign visitors have VAT reclaimed when then leave Great Britain?

• What should they practically do to have VAT reclaimed?

• Do you find this procedure very complicated?

• Is a similar scheme practiced in Russia, as far as you know?

UNIT 27

THE BRITISH PUB

1. Read and translate the text:

One day David Hill invited a few participants to a pub. The participants were happy to satisfy their curiosity and they accepted the invitation willingly. In the evening they went to the nearest pub.

Pubs are "typically English". Most pubs are friendly and relaxed places where visitors can have some beer and, usually, a simple meal. These days one can also get wine in most pubs. Many also serve coffee, but not tea. You go to the bar to order and pay for your drink. A typical lunch in a pub is a "ploughmans" – bread, cheese and pickle, and sometimes a little salad.

Pubs are not open all day. The owners themselves can decide when to open. Most open for 3 or 4 hours at lunchtime and again from about 6 p. m. to about 11 p. m. In busy areas, pubs may stay open from 11 a. m. to 11 p. m.

Here is the talk between David and Sergei:

Sergei: This looks nice.

David: I like it too. I sometimes come here with my friends.... Let me buy you a few drinks. What would you like to have?

Sergei: Thank you. Just a minute... Well, two halves of bitter and one half of lager, if you please.

David (to Two halves of bitter and two halves of lager, please.

Barman): And four packs of crisp.

Barman: Seven pounds ninety.

David: Here you are... Thank you... Let's go to that table over there... Cheers!

Sergei: Cheers! Ah, very good beer, indeed.

David: I'm not a beer addict but I like it.... Would you like the game of darts? It's very popular in our pubs.

Sergei: Yes, but I don't know how to play. Can you show me?

David: Certainly, come on.... You take three darts...

2. Underline the answers true to the text:

• Are pubs very popular places in Britain?	Yes, they are. No, they are not. It's not quite clear from the text.
• What is the most popular drink in pubs?	Beer. Wine. Tea.
• Can visitors also have a meal in a pub?	Yes, they can. No, they cannot. It's not clear from the text.
• What is a ploughman?	Bread and cheese. Cheese and salad. Bread, cheese and pickle.
• When are pubs usually open?	At night only. In the afternoon only. At lunchtime and in the evening.
• Who regulates the working hours of pubs?	The government. Nobody The owners.
• When are pubs usually open in busy areas?	Till midnight. All night long. Till eleven in the evening.

3. Complete the dialogues:

• – This looks____.

– I like____. I sometimes come here____. Let me buy____. What would you__?

– Thank you. Just___. Well, two halves _____ and lager, if you____.

– Two halves____. And four packs____.

– Seven____.

– Here____. Thank____.

•– Let's go to____. Cheers!

– Ah, ____ beer, indeed.

– I'm not a beer ____ but ____. Would you like the game____? It's very____.

– Yes, but____. Can you____.

– Certainly, come____. You____.

4. Translate into Russian:

Let's translate it into Russian. –

Make sentences. –

Complete the dialogue. –

Act out similar dialogues. –

Open the brackets. –

Let's do this exercise. –

Don't let's read this text. –

Let's read it again. –

Look up this word! –

Let's see this film! –

Let's visit one of the pubs. –

5. Agree or disagree:

• There are a few English pubs in Moscow.

• Beer is a very popular drink in many European countries.

• Beer originated in North America.

UNIT 28

BUSINESS CONTACTS

1. Read and translate the text:

On a certain day Ivan, one of the participants of the group decided to telephone the English businessman with whom he had been doing business for some time. Before he left Moscow he had contacted the Englishman and told him he would be in London soon. And they decided to meet in the London office of the Englishman. Thus he telephoned the Englishman to make an appointment for the next day.

Ivan: My name is Smirnov. I'd like to speak toMr. Frieser, please.

Voice: There is no one by name of Freiser. I'm afraid you have the wrong number. What number were you calling?

Ivan: I was dialling 7–2992.

Voice: Oh, but this is 7–2993.

Ivan: I'm sorry to have bothered you.

Voice: That's quite all right.

Secretary: Mr. Freiser's office here.

Ivan: May I speak to Mr. Freiser, please?

Secretary: Who is that calling, please?

Ivan: My name is Smirnov. I came from Moscow a few days ago and 1 wanted to meet Mr. Freiser. We spoke about our meeting while I was still in Moscow.

Secretary: I'm sorry Mr. Freiser is busy now. He is in conference. How could he contact you later?

Ivan: I'm staying at the Sherlock Holmes Hotel. My room number is 346. I'll be in at about six in the evening.

Secretary: Very good. He will contact you then.

Mr. Freiser: Ivan, is that you? Good evening.

Smirnov: Good evening, Frank. I'm very glad to hear you.

Mr. Freiser: So am I. When shall we meet?

Smirnov: I have some free time tomorrow morning.

Mr. Freiser: Splendid. Let's make an appointment for ten. Smirnov: It suits me all right.

Mr. Freiser: Then our driver will pick you up at the hotel at a quarter to ten. Our office is not far away.

Smirnov: I'll be happy to see you and discuss our enquiry then.

Mr. Freiser: Likewise. I'll be grateful if you could join me for lunch.

Smirnov: Thank you. I'll be glad to. See you tomorrow.

2. Match English and Russian equivalents:

On a certain day	До того как уехать из Москвы, он связался с этим англичанином
Не telephoned an Englishman with whom he had been doing business for some time.	Он сказал англичанину, что скоро будет в Лондоне.
Before he left Moscow he had contacted the Englishman.	Он позвонил англичанину, чтобы договориться с ним о встрече на следующий день
He told the Englishman he would be in London soon.	В один определенный день.
He telephoned the Englishman to make an appointment for the next day.	Он позвонил англичанину, с которым он уже работал некоторое время

3. Insert articles and prepositions:

• I came from Moscow ____ few days ago.

He is in ____ conference.

I'm staying at ____ Sherlock Holmes Hotel. My room number is ____ 346.

I'll be in at about six in ____ evening.

Let's make ____ appointment then.

The driver will pick you up at ____ hotel at ____ quarter to ten.

I'll be grateful if you could join me for ____ lunch.

•I'd like to speak ____ Mr. Freiser, please.

There is no one ____ name of Freiser.

I came ____ Moscow.

We spoke ____ our meeting while I was still ____ Moscow.

I'm staying ____ the Sherlock Holmes Hotel.

I'll be in ____ about six ____ the evening.

Let's make an appointment ____ ten.

Our driver will pick you up ____ the hotel ____ a quarter ____ ten.

I'll be grateful if you could join me ____ lunch.

4. Find the English equivalents in the text:

Вы набрали неправильный номер. –

Когда мы встретимся? –

Давайте встретимся в десять. –

Какой номер вы набирали? –

Извините за беспокойство. –

Меня это устраивает. –

Кто звонит? –

Наш шофер заедет за вами. –

Г-н Фрейзер занят. Он на заседании. –

Наш офис совсем недалеко. –

Буду рад встретиться с вами и обсудить наш вопрос. –

Как с вами связаться позже? –

Я буду в гостинице около шести. –

И я тоже. –

Буду благодарен, если вы согласитесь на ланч. –

5. Complete the dialogues:

• – My name is Smirnov. I'd like____.

– There is no one____. I'm afraid you have____. What ____ calling?

– I ____ 7-2992.

– Oh ____ 7-2993.

– I ____ to have bothered you.

– That's____.

• – Mr. Freiser's office____.

– May I____.

– Who____ calling____.

– My name is Smirnov. I came ____ ago and I wanted____. We spoke about our meeting____.

– I'm sorry ____ busy ____ conference. How____ contact you____.

– I'm staying____. My____ 346. I'll be in____.

– Very____.He will____.

• – Ivan, is____ evening.

– Good evening, Frank. I'm very____.

– So am____. When____ meet?

– I have____ tomorrow morning.

– Splendid. Let's____ for ten.

– It suits____.

– Then our driver____. Our office____ away.

– I'll be happy____.

– Likewise. I'll____ lunch.

– Thank you. I'll be glad to. See____.

UNIT 29

AT THE OFFICE

1. Read and translate the text:

At the appointed time Ivan arrived at Mr. Freiser's office by car. Mr. Freiser greeted Ivan with warm smiles and kind words.

Frank: Oh, Ivan I haven't seen you for ages. How are you getting on these days?

Ivan: Not bad. I hope you are doing well too.

Frank: I would say so. How are your classes, young man?

Ivan: I understand you are kidding but I like the sessions we are having here. There are a few important things I have learned here. And I've met some businessmen whose business looks very promising for us.

Frank: Good for you. And would you like some tea or coffee before we get down to business.

Ivan: Some coffee, please.

Frank: The secretary will bring coffee for us in a minute.

Ivan: I believe we could speak about our business now, if you don't mind.

Frank: I agree with you here. We studied your enquiry for our security devices and we could offer you some very modern ones.

Ivan: Could I see them while I'm here? Then it will be much easier for me and the General Director of my company to make a decision about the range of devices to buy.

Frank: No problem. Our Production Director will take you to our production shop and you will see all the devices we are offering to our customers at present. We have sold quite a lot of each type and we have not got a single complaint. They have never failed our customers.

Ivan: It sounds very convincing. And will the Production Director be coming soon?

Frank: The Secretary will invite him after we have coffee.

Ivan: I see.

Frank: By the way, here is the latest organigram of our company. You may have a copy if you wish.

Ivan: Thank you. It will help me to speak with the Production Director.

Here is the organigram of Mr. Freiser's company:

2. Underline the answers true to the text:

• With what did the businessmen start the talk after greetings?	With Ivan's sessions. With speaking about devices Mr. Freiser's company produced. With discussing the company's organigram.
• Did Mr. Freiser offer anything to drink?	Yes, he did, he offered tea only. Yes, he did, he offered coffee only. Yes, he did, he asked what Ivan wanted to have, tea or coffee.
• Had Ivan sent any enquiry to Mr. Freiser?	Yes, he had. No, he hadn't. It is not quite clear.
• What devices did Mr. Freiser offer?	Some security devices. Some modern transport devices. Some safety devices.
• Did Ivan want to see these devices on the production floor?	Yes, he did. No, he didn't It is not quite clear.
• Who was to show Ivan round the factory and offices?	The Managing Director. The secretary. The Production Director.

3. Insert prepositions and articles:

• ____ the appointed time Ivan arrived____ Mr. Freiser's office____ car. Mr. Freiser greeted Ivan____ warm smiles and kind worlds.

Oh, Ivan, I haven't seen you____ ages.

Would you like tea or coffee____ we get down____ business?

The secretary will bring some coffee____ us____ a minute.

I believe we could speak____ our business now.

I agree____ you.

•It will be much easier for me and ____ General Director of my company to make ____ decision about____ range of devices to buy.

Our Production Director will take you to our production shop and you will see all____ devices we are offering to our customers at____ present.

We have sold quite____ lot of each type and we have not got____ single complaint.

4. Match English and Russian equivalents:

I haven't seen you for ages. How are you getting on?	Я с вами согласен.
I hope you are doing well too. Would you like some coffee before we get down to business?	Надеюсь, что у вас тоже все хорошо. Мы не виделись целую вечность. Как у вас идут дела?
We could speak about our business, if you don't mind.	Вы хотите кофе, пока мы не приступили к делам.
I agree with you here.	Мы могли бы поговорить о делах, если вы не возражаете.

5. Find equivalents in the text:

Мы рассмотрели ваш запрос на наши охранные устройства, и можем предложить вам очень современные устройства. –

Можно, их посмотреть, раз уж я здесь? –

Мне и генеральному директору будет намного легче решить, какие именно устройства нужно купить. –

Наш начальник производства покажет вам производственный цех. –

Вы увидите все устройства, которые мы предлагаем сейчас нашим покупателям. –

Мы уже продали достаточно большое количество. Мы не получили ни одной жалобы. –

Они ни разу не подвели наших покупателей. –

Это звучит очень убедительно. –

UNIT 30

THE GOODS TO BE BOUGHT

1. Read and translate the text:

The Production Director showed Mr. Smirnov round the factory and answered a lot of questions of his. There were especially many questions asked on the production floor. The Production Director told Mr. Smirnov about the products of the company. Mr. Smirnov was greatly impressed by the number of the new products and by their sophistication. Then the Production Director showed Mr. Smirnov the different departments of the company and introduced him to the management team. When all was seen and spoken of the Production Director took Mr. Smirnov to Mr. Freiser's office.

Frank: And what do you think of all that you've seen?

Ivan: Oh, it's very interesting and impressive. It's a very good set-up: modern factory, good labour force.

Frank: That's true. We have been in this business for over ten years. Besides we are planning to expand. Our annual turnover is about twenty million pounds.

Ivan: Then our business will be too small for you, I'm afraid.

Frank: You are wrong here, I'm sure. We try to satisfy all our customers. And we treat them all with high esteem.

Ivan: By the way, could I have some material on your products? I should study the assortment you offer before we discuss other matters relating to the enquiry, or to our future contract.

Frank: Naturally you will have all the publicity brochures and leaflets. They contain all the technical details. We have prepared a pack for you.

Ivan: Thank you very much. That's very considerate of you.

Frank: And when will you be able to tell us what devices exactly interest you?

Ivan: Most probably I'll look through all the materials tonight, then contact our General Director and tomorrow I'll give you our reply.

Frank: Hard work, isn't it? But certainly it's better to discuss all the details while you are here in London. Now let's make a break and enjoy lunch at the restaurant just across the street.

2. Underline the answers true to the text:

• Where did Ivan ask espe­cially many questions?	At Mr. Freiser's office. On the production floor. In one of the departments of the company.
• Did the Production Director speak about the products?	Yes, he did. No, he didn't. It is not quite clear
• What was Ivan's impression of the devices?	He wasn't impressed at all. The text said nothing about it. He was positively impressed.
• Did the Pioduction Director show Ivan only the production shop?	Yes, he did No, he didn't. He also took Ivan to one of the departments. No, he didn't. He also took Ivan to a few departments of the company.
• Did Ivan meet any other directors of the company?	Yes, he did. No, he didn't. It was not quite.

3. Insert prepositions and articles:

• What do you think ____ all that you have seen?

We have been this business ____ ten years.

We treat out customers ____ high esteem.

Could I have some material ____ your products?

I should study the assortment before we discuss other matters relating the enquiry, or ____ our future contract.

We have prepared a pack of materials ____ you.

That's very considerate ____ you.

I'll look ____ all the materials tonight.

•It's ____ very good set-up: modern factory, good labour force.

I should study ____ assortment you offer.

Then we shall discuss other matters relating to ____ enquiry.

You will have all ____ publicity brochures and leaflets.

They contain all ____ technical details.

I'll look through all ____ materials tonight.

It's better to discuss all ____ details.

We have prepared ____ pack for you.

Now let's make ____ break.

4. Choose the correct variant, use the verbs in the right forms:

• What do you think of all that you (have, has) seen?

We (have, has) been in this business for over ten years.

I should study the assortment before we (discuss, discusses) other matters

We (have, has) prepared a pack for you.

When will you be able to tell us what devices exactly (interests, interest) you?

•Most probably I (to look) _____ through all the materials tonight, then (to contact) ____ our General Director and tomorrow I (to give) ____ you our reply.

It's better to discuss all the details while you (to be) ____ here in London.

Now let's make a break and (to enjoy) ____ lunch at the restaurant.

5. Complete the dialogues:

• – And what do.. you've seen?

– Oh, it's set-up: modern ____.

– That's true. We have been in. ten years. Besides____ to expand. Our annual turnover____.

–Then our____ too small for you..

– You are wrong ____. We try to satisfy ____. And we treat them all ____.

• – By the way, could I have____. I should study____ before... or to our future____.

– Naturally, you ____ publicity____ and leaflets. They contain____. We____ a pack .

– Thank you____. That____. Considerate____.

•– And when ____ to tell us what devices____?

– Most probably I'll look through____ then contact____ and tomorrow____ reply.

– Hard work, isn't it?But certainly it is better____ while you____. Now let's____ and enjoy____ across the street.

UNIT 31

ORDERING THE DEVICES

1. Read and translate the text:

After Ivan Smirnov had a fact-finding visit to Newall Ltd. hestudied the materials he got and reported the results of his visit and survey to the General Director. In the morning he telephoned Mr. Freiser and made an appointment for 11 a. m. the same day. Thus they met at Mr. Freiser's premises at 11 and after some preliminaries they got down to business.

Frank: Judging by your early call this morning you have brought us good news, haven’t you?

Ivan : That's true. Last night I spoke with my General Director and he gave me the go-ahead to the purchase. And here is the list of the devices we are interested in.

Frank: And how many devices of each type are you ordering?

Ivan : 5 of each the five types, or 25 all in all.

Frank: It is rather disappointing, I should say.

Ivan : I agree with you here. It's a rather small order. But it's a trial order. If our customers are satisfied with the devices they will order some more. Meanwhile we'll contact our customers in a few other cities in Russia. They might be interested too.

Frank: And speaking about your trial order, when do you need the devices?

Ivan: Can you deliver them next month?

Frank: At the earliest we can deliver them during the second half of the month. And how do you want us to ship the goods?

Ivan: By air, this time. They are not very heavy and besides our customers are impatient to test them as soon as possible.

Frank: If I understand you properly you would like us to ship them on cif terms by plane. The cif¹ prices will be much higher than the basic prices stated in our bro­chures.

Ivan: Then let's discuss the price now.

Frank: Shall we have some coffee or tea first?

Ivan: I don't mind a break at all.

¹cif (CIF, c.i.f., C.I.F.) = cost, insurance, freight ['si 'ai 'ef] – сиф (стоимость, страхование, фрахт); условия поставки сиф, при которых продавец отвечает за транспортировку и страхование товара.

2. Underline the answers true to the text:

• Did Ivan Smirnov contact his chief before he telephoned Mr. Freiser?	Yes, he did. No, he didn't. It's not quite clear.
• For what time did he make an appointment with Mr. Freiser?	For 10 o'clock. For 11 o'clock. For 11.30.
• Where did they meet?	At the hotel. At Mr. Freiser's office. The text did not mention it.
• Who gave OK to the purchase?	Mr. Freiser did. Mr. Smirnov did. Mr. Smirnov's chief.
• How many devices did the Russian company want to buy?	20. 5. 25.
• Was it a trial order?	Yes, it was. No, it wasn't. It was the only order the Russian company wanted to make. Mr. Smirnov said nothing about it.
• When did the Russian company want to have the devices?	The same month. The next year. The next month.
• On what terms did they want to have the goods delivered?	On cif terms. Mr. Smirnov said nothing about it. Mr. Freiser proposed cif terms.
• How did Mr. Smirnov want the goods to be shipped?	By ship. By plane. He said nothing about it.

3. Match English and Russian equivalents:

fact-finding visit	Тем временем мы свяжемся с нашими другими клиентами.
He reported the results of his survey to the Director.	Возможно, они тоже проявят интерес.
After some preliminaries hey got down to business.	Он доложил директору о результатах ознакомления.
Judging by your early call. .	визит с целью выяснения отдельных вопросов
He gave me the go-ahead to the purchase.	Он дал согласие на эту закупку.
It's rather disappointing.	Судя по вашему раннему звонку...
Meanwhile we'll contact some other customers	После обмена некоторыми предварительными фразами они перешли к делу
They might be interested too.	Я очень разочарован!

4. Insert prepositions and articles:

• Не reported the results of his visit ____ the General Director

The businessmen made an appointment ____ 11 o'clock the same day

They met ____ Mr. Freiser's premises.

After some preliminaries the got down ____ business.

Judging ____ your early call the news is good.

The Director gave me the go-ahead ____ the purchase

Here is the list ____ the devices we are interested.

If our customers are satisfied ____ the devices they will order some more

•It's ____ rather small order.

It's ____ trial order Meanwhile we'll contact our customers in ____ few other cities in Russia.

When do you need ____ devices?

At ____ earliest we can deliver them during ____ second half of ____ month.

How do you want us to ship ____ goods?

____ cif prices will be much higher than ____ basic prices stated in our brochures.

Let's discuss ____ prices now.

I don't mind ____ break now.

5. Complete the dialogues:

• – Judging by ____ good news, haven't you?

– ____ true. Last night ____ go-ahead to____. And here is ____ interested in.

– And how many____.

– ____ all in all ____.

– ____ disappointing...

– I agree____. It's____. But____ trial____. If our customers____. Meanwhile we'll contact____. They might____.

• – And speaking about your trial____ when ____ need____.

– Can ____ next ____.

– At the earliest ____ half ____. And how do you want us?

– By air, this____. They____ not heavy and besides____ impatient____ as possible.

•– If I understand you properly you ____ cif terms by____. The ____ much higher than ____.

– Then let's ____.

– Shall we have ____.

– I don't mind ____.

UNIT 32

PRICES

1. Read and translate the text:

After a coffee break the businessmen resumed their talk:

Ivan: And now comes the price problem.

Frank: As far as I understand you want us to pay airfreight and insure the devices during their shipment.

Ivan: For our trial order these terms are preferable for us. Could you give me your idea of the cif price for each of the devices then?

Frank: Before the break I made some calculations and asked the secretary to type the price list on this basis.

Ivan: Very good.

Frank: Oh, here it is ... Thank you, Nancy.... Now, Mr. Smirnov, you may have a look at the prices. The total sum is three thousand pounds.

Ivan: I certainly admit it's a small order. Therefore I shall not mention discounts you usually grant us. But don't take it as a precedent. When we make contracts in future we hope we shall have a certain discount off prices.

Frank: We shall certainly discuss this matter in every particular case. If you mention future contracts there is a question I would like to ask you. Will you always prefer cif prices and shipment by plane?

Ivan: Oh, no. Far from it. Only in this particular case we have chosen shipment by plane and cif terms. But in future, if nothing extraordinary happens, we shall practice fob¹ Tilbury terms, as usual.

Frank: Fine. No objections on our part. Shall we have a standard contract for your trial order? Ivan: I suppose so. If you can have it prepared now it would be splendid. I'll sign it. I have the power of attorney.

Frank: And what would you say if I propose to sign it in the evening before our dinner. We could have dinner at the restaurant of your choice.

Ivan: OK. There is a good cosy restaurant near the hotel. It's called White and Red Roses.

Frank: Fine. I'll be waiting for you in the lobby at seven p. m.

Ivan: See you at seven then. Good-bye.

¹fob (FOB, f.o.b. F.O.B.) = free on board ['ef'ou'bi] – фоб, свободно на борт – условия поставки, при которых продавец несет ответственность за товар до момента его поставки на борт судна/самолета.

2. Underline the answers true to the text:

• What first matter did the businessmen discuss after the break?	The time of delivery. The price problem. The terms of delivery.
• Who was to pay the air-freight?	The Russian company, the Buyers. The English company, the Sellers. The businessmen did not mention this fact.
• Who was to insure the devices?	The Buyers. The Sellers. It is not quite clear.
• Did Mr. Freiser give Mr. Smirnov the cif prices during the talk?	No, he didn't because Mr. Smirnov didn't ask for them. No, he didn't because the sec­retary didn't type them. Yes, he did, as the secretary typed them and brought them to Mr. Freiser during the talk.
• Did Mr. Smirnov ask Mr. Freiser to give them a discount for this particular order?	No, since he admitted it was a small order. Yes, though he admitted it was a small order. Mr. Smirnov never mentioned a discount during the talk.
• Did Mr. Freiser make a hint that in future they might give a discount?	Yes, he did. No, he didn't. He mentioned a discount of 10 per cent.
• What terms of delivery did the Buyers usually practice in dealing with this particular company?	FOB Tilbury. CIF Sheremetievo. It is not quite clear
• When did the businessmen plan to sign the Contract?	The next morning after Mr. Smirnov got the power of attorney. As soon as Mr. Smirnov could get the power of attorney. The same evening, since it was necessary only to prepare the Contract itself.

3. Match English and Russian equivalents:

And now comes the price problem.	Насколько я понимаю...
As far as I understand...	Для пробного заказа именно эти условия предпочтительны.
You wanted us to pay air-freight, didn't you?	Вы хотели, чтобы мы оплатили стоимость авиаперевозки, да?
You wanted us to insure the goods, didn't you?	Вы хотели, чтобы мы застраховали товар, да?
For our trial order these terms are preferable.	А теперь обсудим вопрос о цене.

4. Insert prepositions and articles:

• Could you give me your idea ____ the price ____ each ___ the devices then?

____ the break I asked the secretary to type the price list ____ this basis.

Now you may have a look ____ the prices.

When we make contracts ____ future we hope we shall have a certain discount ____ the prices.

We shall discuss this matter ____ every particular case.

•There is ____ question I would like to ask you.

Shall we have ____ standard contract for your trial order?

I have ____ power of attorney.

I propose to sign it in ____ evening.

We could have dinner at ____ restaurant of your choice.

There is ____ good restaurant near ____ hotel.

I'll be waiting for you in ____ lobby.

5. Choose the correct variant:

If you mention future contracts there (is, are) a question I (would, will) like to ask you.

Only in this particular case we (has, have) chosen shipment by plane.

Only in this particular case we (are, have) chosen cif terms.

If nothing extraordinary (happen, happens) we shall practice fob Tilbury term.

If you сan (have, has) prepared it now it (would be, is) splendid.

UNIT 33

DRIVING A CAR

1. Read and translate the text:

One of the evenings Mr. Hill and a few participants decided to go to the cinema to see the film, the latest Oscar Award winner. Before the film was to start they had an hour at their disposal. And they decided to have a ride around London by Mr. Hill's car.

David: What would you like to see during this hour in London?

Anton: And what would you recommend?

David: We might have a ride through this entertainment area around Leicester Square and then through the Strand fa­mous for its rich hotels. Then we could also drive to St Paul's Cathedral. It looks majestic in the evening lights.

Anton: We would be glad to see all that.

David: Then let's start the journey.

Anton: ... By the way, I know that when you were in Russia you hired a car and drove it a few days. Was it very difficult to drive on the right?

David: Oh, it was very difficult at first. It was necessary to concentrate... especially when I wanted to overtake. But the hardest were roundabouts. Well, you know, we Englishmen have always driven on the left and are accustomed to that.

Anton: Did you usually find the ways very easily?

David: I wouldn't say so. Once it was terrible. I was in a traffic jam for an hour and then I got lost. But finally everything was all right. I should let bygones be bygones¹.

Anton: I always wonder how fast your cars and buses go along these narrow streets. It is fantastic. You must be all very good drivers!

There are speed limits – 30 or 40 miles per hour in or near towns in England and 70mph on motorways. The driver must wear a seat belt and so must the front seat passenger. Two yellow lines on the load mean no parking. One yellow line means parking is restricted. In some big towns the car may be clamped and towed away if it is parked illegally. It is very expensive to get the car back. All the rules and regulations on driving are fully described in The Highway Code.

Petrol stations or garages are often self-service. The driver can select 4 star (super), unleaded petrol or diesel from the automatic pump and pay the cashier. If the pump is not automatic there is an attendant to help.

¹Let bygones be bygones – Кто старое помянет, тому глаз долой.

2. Use the verbs in the right forms:

There (is, are)____ different speed limits in towns and on motorways in England.

Two yellow lines on the load (to mean) ____ no parking.

One yellow line (to mean)____ parking (to restrict)____.

I know that when you (to be) _____ in Russia you (to hire)____ a car and (to drive)_____ it a few days (to be) it very difficult to drive on the right?

Oh, it (to be)____ very difficult at first.

It was especially difficult when I (to want)_____ to overtake

But the hardest (to be)_____ roundabouts.

We, Englishmen always (to drive)_____ on the left.

3. Insert prepositions articles:

• One ____ the evenings they decided to go ____ the cinema.

____ the film was to start they had an hour ____ their disposal.

They decided to have a ride ____ London ____ Mr. Hill's car.

We might have a ride ____ this entertainment area ____ Leicester Square.

The Strand is famous _____ its rich hotels.

We could also drive _____ St Paul's Cathedral.

• The Cathedral looks majestic in ____ evenings lights.

Let's start ____ journey.

When you drove in Russia, did you always find ____ ways very easily?

Once I was in ____ traffic jam for ____ hour.

4. Underline the modal verbs and translate the sentences into Russian:

The driver must wear a seat belt. –

The front seat passenger must also wear a seat belt. –

You must be all very good drivers. –

In big cities the car may be clamped and towed away. –

Before the film was to start they had an hour at their disposal. –

What would you like to see? –

We would be glad to see all that. –

And what would you recommend? –

I wouldn't say so. –

I should let bygones be bygones. –

We might have a ride through this area. –

Then we could also drive to the Cathedral. –

5. Complete the dialogues:

•– What would you like to see during ____.

– And ____ recommend?

– We might ____ Leicester Square and ____ the Strand ____ hotels. Then ____ Cathedral. It looks ____.

– We would be glad ____.

– Then let's start ____.

•– By the ____ I know that when you were in ____ hired ____ drove ____. Was it very ____?

– Oh ____ at first. It was ____ to concentrate especially when ____ overtake. But the hardest were ____. Well, you know, we, Englishmen, have always, and are accustomed ____.

– Did you ____ the ways.

– I wouldn't ____. Once ____ terrible. I was in ____ and ____ lost. But finally ____ all right. ____ I ____ bygones.

UNIT 34

PAYMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

1. Read and translate the text:

On Monday morning the participants resumed their work and listened to the lecture on payments in international trade.

Here is a part of the lecture:

With any form of international trade it is essential to ensure that payment will be received in accordance with the terms of the underlying commercial contract. The most secure and established methods of settling international trade transactions are:

• by documentary letters of credit and

• by documentary collection bills.

Documentary letters of credit are opened by the importer's bank with a bank in the exporter's country, usually the importing bank's correspondent in the exporting country. Exporters submit to the bank in their country all the shipping, insurance and other documents specified in the letter of credit issued by the importer's bank. If the documents are in order the bank in the exporting country will credit the exporters with the proceeds. The proceeds are reimbursed by the importer's bank in due course.

Documentary collection bills are presented to the importer's bank or its correspondent by the exporters together with all the shipping, insurance and other documents, specified in the contract. If the documents are in order the importers instruct their bank to pay and they collect the shipping documents then.

There are a few ways of transferring money from bank to bank. In the recent past these ways were:

• mail transfers and

• telegraphic transfers.

Now these two types of messages are practically replaced by SWIFT¹ messages. SWIFT stands for the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. It is a network serving now more than 3,000 banks in about 100 countries. It speeds up payment messages between banks immensely. If sending and receiving banks are both 'logged-in', a message can be delivered in under 20 seconds. Over 1 million messages are sent every day via the computers of SWIFT and its member banks.

The role of correspondent banks is permanently growing. They facilitate and expedite international payments. A correspondent bank is one which carries a deposit balance for another bank located in another city or country and engages in an exchange of services with that bank.

¹SWIFT [swift] – СВИФТ – Международное общество межбанковских (финансовых) телекоммуникаций.

2. Match English and Russian equivalents:

in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract	Они дают указание банку об оплате.
the underlying commercial contract	Затем они забирают документы.
the documents specified in the contract	Существует несколько способов перевода денег из одного банка в другой.
to submit the documents. specified	Банк переведет средства на счет экспортера.
the letter of credit issued by the importer's bank	перевести средства должным образом
to reimburse the proceeds in due course	в соответствии с условиями контракта
The bank will credit the exporters with the proceeds.	данный коммерческий контракт
They instruct the bank to pay.	документы, указанные в контракте
They collect the shipping documents then.	представить указанные документы
There are a few ways of transferring money from bank to bank.	аккредитив, выданный банком экспортера

3. Find English equivalents in the text:

платеж по документарному аккредитиву —

платеж по документарному инкассо —

представить документы в банк —

открыть аккредитив в банке —

перевести средства —

отправить сообщение по СВИФТ —

банк-корреспондент —

Это ускорит платеж. —

4. Insert prepositions:

____ Monday morning the participants listened ____ the lecture ____ payments ____ international trade.

It is essential to ensure that payments will be received ____ terms and conditions ____ the contract.

The most secure methods are payments ____ documentary letters ____ credit and ____ documentary collection bills.

Documentary letters. credit are opened ____ a bank ____ the exporter's country.

Exporters submit ____ the bank all the shipping documents.

If the documents are ____ order the bank will credit the exporter ____ the proceeds.

Documentary collection bills are presented ____ the importer's bank.

____ the recent past there were two ways ____ transferring money ____ bank ____ bank.

5. Complete as in the text:

SWIFT stands for the Society ____.

It's a network serving _____ banks ____ countries.

It speeds up payment messages between ____.

If ____ banks are logged-in a message can be delivered ____.

Over one million ____ via computers of SWIFT and ____.

A correspondent bank is one which carries ____.

UNIT 35

PROBLEMS SETTLED

1. Read and translate the text:

In the evening when Anton returned to the hotel he had a telephone call from Coventry, located to the north of London. It was a call from Mr. Snow, a business associate of the Russian company for whom Anton worked.

Mr Snow: Mr. Smirnov, I'm calling to send my apologies to Mr. Nikolaev, your chief, for our default.

Anton: Don't worry we have received your payment and everything seems all right. I spoke with Mr. Nikolaev before my departure. He does not bear any grudges against you.

Mr. Snow: I'm very glad to hear that. But still I want to assure you that such things will never happen again.

Anton: Good. I'll pass it on to Mr. Nikolaev on my return to Moscow.

Here are two letters relating to the default mentioned by Mr. Snow received and sent by him some time before this talk took place:

A)

B)

2. Match English and Russian equivalents:

for our default	Я передам это начальнику.
He doesn't bear any grudges against you.	Хочу вас заверить, что впредь этого не случится.
I want to assure you that such things will never happen again.	Он не имеет уже к вам никаких претензий.
I'll pass it on to my chief.	За то, что мы не заплатили вовремя.

3. Find the answers in the text:

When did Anton have a call from Mr. Snow?

Who is Mr. Snow?

Why did he call Anton?

What did Anton say about the payment in question?

What promise did Mr. Snow make?

Did Anton promise to pass it on to his chief?

4. Complete the dialogue and act out a similar one:

— I'm calling to send my apologies to...

— Don't worry we have received... and everything... I... before my departure. He... grudges...

— I... glad... But still I want to assure... again.

— Good. I'll pass... on my return...

5. Translate into Russian:

as an exception –

to lose or mislay the original –

payment on an open account –

to look forward to receiving –

the outstanding invoice –

the payment –

unsettled debts –

to experience a number of –

to take legal action difficulties –

not to go so far –

to result in an unfortunate delay –

UNIT 36

MASS MEDIA

1. Read and translate the text:

The British are a nation of newspaper readers. Many of them have a daily paper delivered to their home just in time for breakfast.

British newspapers can be divided into two groups: quality and popular. Quality newspapers are more serious and cover home and foreign news thoughtfully while the popular newspapers like shocking, personal stories as well as some news. These two groups of newspapers can be distinguished easily because the quality papers are twice the size of the popular newspapers.

• Quality daily newspapers:

The Times

The Guardian

The Daily Telegraph

The Financial Times

The Independent

• Quality Sunday newspapers:

The Sunday Times

The Observer

The Sunday Telegraph

• Popular daily newspapers:

The News of the World

The People

The Mail on Sunday

The Sunday Mirror

The Sunday Express

British newspapers are often associated with Fleet Street, located in Westminster City of London. Fleet Street was the home of the nation's newspapers till the recent past. But not long ago practically all the newspapers moved their headquarters to Docklands, a newly developed business center in the eastern part of London. Only two newspapers The Daily Express and The Daily Telegraph are still in Fleet Street. However, people still say 'Fleet Street' to mean 'the press'.

Watching television is one of the great British pastimes! Broadcasting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the British Broadcasting Corporation (ВВС) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). The ВВС receives its income from the Government, but the private companies controlled by the IBA earn money from advertising. The ВВС has two TV channels. The IBA is responsible for looking after the regional independent TV companies who broadcast their own programs and those they have bought from other regions.

National radio is controlled by the ВВС, and listeners can choose between four stations. There are many local stations, some private and some run by theВВС. Their programs consist mainly of music and local news.

2. Insert articles and prepositions:

• ____ British are ____ nation of newspaper readers.

Many of them have ____ daily paper delivered to their home.

Fleet Street was ____ home of ____ nation's newspapers till ____ recent past.

Docklands is ____ newly developed business center in ____ eastern part of London.

_____ Financial Times is widely read by businessmen.

Watching television is one of ____ great British pastimes.

Broadcasting in _____ United Kingdom is controlled by ____ВВС and ____ IBA.

____ ВВС receives its income from ____ government.

____ private companies controlled by ____ IBA earn money from advertising.

• The IBA is responsible ____ looking ____ the regional independent TV companies.

They also broadcast programs they have bought ____ other regions.

National radio is controlled _____ the ВВС.

Listeners can choose ____ four stations.

Some local stations are run ____ the ВВС.

Their programs consist mainly ____ music and local news.

3. Find English equivalents in the text:

Английские газеты можно разделить на две группы –

Эти две группы можно легко отличить друг от друга –

Английские газеты часто ассоциируют с Флит стрит –

Радио Англии контролирует Би-Би-Си –

4. Translate to Russian:

a paper delivered to their home –

Fleet Street located in –

the private companies –

the talks resumed after lunch –

the point mentioned in the letter –

the goods shipped –

the letters of credit opened with –

the news broadcast –

the news televised –

5. Complete as much as you remember:

• The British are a nation ____.

Many of them have ____ delivered.

British newspapers can be divided ____

Quality newspapers ____ while popular newspapers

These two groups ____ distinguished ____ British newspapers are often associated ____.

Fleet Street was the home ____.

But not long ago ____ Docklands

Only ____ Fleet Street.

However ____ to mean 'the press'.

• Watching ____ pastimes

Broadcasting ____ the ВВС and ____ the IBA.

The ВВС receives ____ but ____ advertising.

The ВВС ____ channels.

• National radio is controlled ____ and ____ four ____.

There are many local ____ private ____ theВВС.

Their programs consist ____.

UNIT 37

FINANCIAL NEWS

1. Read and translate the text:

Here is an item on financial news published by The Financial Times which some participant read:

DOLLAR AND POUND RISE

The dollar and the pound resumed their advances of 1996 against the yen and the D-Mark yesterday.

The US currency was helped chiefly by the US stock and bond markets, which rebounded from Thursday's falls.

The dollar was also boosted by US construction spending for November, which rose where a fall had been forecast. The figures added to the evidence of recent weeks that the American economy has resumed stronger growth. "The US deceleration is probably coming to an end", said Mr. Peter von Maydell, senior currency economist at UBS¹ in London.

The dollar gained 1,5 pfennigs against the D-Mark and YO.5 against the yen to close in London at D.M. 1.557 and Y11.2. But the Tokyo market remained closed for the National Holiday.

Sterling rebounded 2.8 pfennigs against the D-Mark after losing 3 pfennigs on Thursday. With trading thin, dealers say that one sale of GBP 50m worth of D-Marks sent sterling about a pfennig higher.

The pound closed in London at DM2.635 to the German currency and USD 1.692 to the dollar. It gained on strong consumer credit data and on rising oil prices

Sterling has been the strongest major currency over the Holiday period appreciating almost 2 per cent.

¹UBS = United Bank of Switzerland – Объединенный банк Швейцарии

2. Match English and Russian equivalents: