UNIT 3. Constrictive noise consonants

Sounds [f]-[v]

[f]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, labio-dental, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised. The lower lip is very close to the edge of the upper teeth, thus forming an incomplete obstruction. When the air goes through the narrowing it causes slight friction.

Task 1Listen and then say the sound (B8).

[f]is usually spelled:

f feel first cafe after leaf

ff off coffee

ph phone autograph

gh laugh

Task 2Listen and say these phrases and sentences:

1 forty-five

2 a family photo

3 I'm feeling fine.

4 the fourteenth of February

5 When I asked for her autograph she just laughed.

[v]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, labio-dental, voiced, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are brought together and vibrate. The soft palate is raised. The lower lip is very close to the edge of the upper teeth, thus forming an incomplete obstruction. When the air goes through the narrowing it causes slight friction.

Task 3Listen and then say the sound (B8).

· Listen and say the sounds [f] and [v].

[v]is usually spelled:

v very travel every have leave

Note: In the name Stephen, ph is pronounced [v].

Task 4Listen and say these phrases and sentences:

1 We're leaving at five past seven.

2 a visa for a seven-day visit

3 Stephen lives in a village.

Tongue twister

[f]

A fly and flea flew into a flue,

Said the fly to the flea 'what shall we do?'

'Let us fly' said the flea

Said the fly 'shall we flee'

So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

[v]

Velvet Revolver

Velvet Revolver

Velvet Revolver...

LESSON 9 Sounds [s]-[z]

[s]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, forelingual, alveolar, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The teeth are closely together. The tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge. The air escapes through the mouth cavity with a friction.

Task 1Listen and say the sound (B20):

[s]is usually spelled:

s sit sister bus

ss class glasses

c city circle pencil place police pronounce

sc science scissors

Task 2Listen and say these phrases and sentences:

1 summer in the city

2 Have you seen my glasses?

3 So, I’ll see you in the same place next Saturday.

4 I saw your sister on the bus yesterday.

5 My science lessons were the most interesting.

[z]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, forelingual, alveolar, voiced, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are brought together and vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The teeth are closely together. The tip of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge. The air escapes through the mouth cavity with a friction.

Task 3Listen and say the sound (B21).

· Listen and say the sounds [s] and [z].

[z] is usually spelled:

s gives sisters easy husband roses

z zoo zero size

ss scissors

zz jazz

Task 4Listen and say these sentences:

1 What time does the zoo close?

2 A: My favourite music is jazz.

B: Really? Well, it’s always interesting, but it isn’t always easy to listen to.

3 Roses are my favourite flowers.

Tongue twisters

[s]

She sells sea shells on the sea shore;

The shells that she sells are sea shells I’m sure.

So if she sells sea shells on the sea shore,

I’m sure that the shells are sea shore shells.

[z]

Moses supposes his toes are roses,

But Moses supposes erroneously.

For Moses, he knows his toes aren’t roses,

As Moses supposes his toes to be.

Sounds [θ]-[ð]

[θ]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, forelingual, interdental, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The tip of the tongue is projected between the teeth. The air escapes through the mouth cavity with a friction.

Task 1Listen and say the sound(B14).

[θ]is usually spelled:

th thin thanks thirty theatre thumb Thursday thirsty three both month mouth north south birthday

Task 2Listen and say these sentences:

1 I thought April the twelfth was a Tuesday, but it’s a Thursday.

2 A:I’ve got three birthdays this month.

B: Three birthdays? What do you mean?

A:My wife’s, my son’s and my daughter’s!

3 It’s thirteen degrees in the north, and thirty in the south.

4 A:One third is thirty-three per cent, isn’t it?

B: Thirty-three and a third per cent, to be exact.

[ð]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, forelingual, interdental, voiced, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are brought together and vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The tip of the tongue is projected between the teeth. The air escapes through the mouth cavity with a friction.

Task 3Listen and say the sound (B15).

· Listen and say the sounds [θ] and [ð].

[ð]is usually spelled:

th this that these those then they father mother brother other together weather without breathe with

Task 4Listen and say these sentences:

1 A:Can I have one of those, please?

B: These?

A:No, the others, over there.

2 A:Two coffees, please.

B: With milk?

A:One with, and one without.

Tongue twisters

[θ] – [ð]

· Three thick thistle sticks.

· The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.

There those thousand thinkers were thinking how the other three thieves went through.

· Elizabeth’s birthday is on the third Thursday of this month.

LESSON 10 Sounds [∫]-[ʒ]

[∫]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, forelingual, palato-alveolar, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The tip of the tongue is close to the back part of the teeth ridge. The front part of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. The lips are neutral or slightly rounded. The air escapes through the mouth cavity with a friction.

Task 1Listen and say the sound (B28):

[∫]is usually spelled:

sh shop fashion cash fresh wash mushroom

c ocean

ch machine

ci delicious special

s sugar sure

ss Russia

ti international

Task 2Listen and say these sentences:

1 This is a very special pronunciation machine.

2 All our food is fresh, and we serve delicious international specialties.

3 A: You didn't put sugar in my tea, did you?

B: No.

A: Are you sure?

[ʒ]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, forelingual, palato-alveolar, voiced, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are brought together and vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The tip of the tongue is close to the back part of the teeth ridge. The front part of the tongue is raised towards the hard palate. The lips are neutral or slightly rounded. The air escapes through the mouth cavity with a friction.

Task 3Listen and say the sound (B29).

Listen and say the sounds [∫] and [ʒ].

[ʒ]is usually spelled:

si or su television Asia usually

Task 4Listen and say these sentences:

A: Do you like sport?

B: Yes ... but only on television, usually!

Tongue twisters

[∫]

I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop.

Where she sits she shines, and where she shines she sits.

[ʒ]

An illusory vision is a visionary illusion. Is it?

They took usual measures.

The vision was a real pleasure.

Sound [h]

[h]is a consonant, constrictive, fricative, glottal, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The consonant [h] is articulated with the strong air-stream pass­ing through the open glottis.

Task 1Listen and say the sound(B50).

[h]is usually spelled:

h hat here help hot how behind

wh who whose whole

Note:A few words begin with a silent letter h: hour honest

Task 2Listen and say these sentences:

1 Hi, hello, how are you?

2 Whose hat is this?

3 It's hot in here.

4 We had a whole month's holiday.

5 Can you help me for half an hour?

6 Who's who?

Note:Sometimes you don't hear an [h] sound at the beginning of he, him, her, hers, his, had, have, has.

Task 3Listen and say these sentences:

1 Is he there?

2 Have you seen him?

3 Has he got time?

4 Do you know her?

5 He went to visit his family.

Tongue twisters

[h]

Hulk Hawk is hulking the hawk,

Hawk Hulk is hawking Hulk...

Hawk hugs the hedgehog