UNIT 2. Occlusive noise consonants

LESSON 7 Sounds [p]-[b]

[p]is a consonant, occlusive, plosive, bilabial, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The lips are firmly kept together and the air coming into the mouth stops for some time and then breaks the obstruction with a slight explosion.

Task 1Listen and then say the sound (A69).

[p]is usually spelled:

p pen push stop

pp happy stopping

Note: p is silent at the beginning of a few words: psychology

The word cupboard is pronounced without the p.

ph is usually pronounced [f]: phone, photo, autograph.

[pi:] is the name of the letter P in the alphabet. People often say [pi:] for pence: 'It costs 75p.'

Task 2Listen and say these phrases:

1. a piece of paper

2. Push or pull?

3. a deep sleep

4. a cheap trip round Europe

[b]is a consonant, occlusive, plosive, bilabial, voiced, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are brought together and vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The lips are firmly kept together and the air coming into the mouth stops for some time and then breaks the obstruction with a slight explosion.

Task 3Listen and then say the sound(A70).

· Listen and say the sounds [p] and [b].

[b]is usually spelled:

b or bb big best rob robber verb

Note: b is silent at the end of a few words: climb comb thumb bomb

Task 4Listen and say these phrases and sentences:

1 big business

2 When was the baby born?

3 It's better to bake your own bread than to buy it.

4 What's that big building between the bank and the library?

Task 5Now listen and say these sentences with [p] and [b].

1 Pamela's got a new job. 3 Can you remember Pete's phone number?

2 Paul's got big problems with his neighbours. 4 Pack your bags and bring your passport.

Note:Sometimes you don't hear [p]or [b] clearly at the end of a word. Listen:

1 Stop! Sto(p)! 3 Hey, Bob! Hey, Bo(b)!

2 Don't drop that! Don't dro(p) that! 4 the worldwide web the worldwide we(b)

Tongue twisters

[p]

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

[b]

Betty Botter bought some butter but, said she, the butter's bitter.

If I put it in my batter, it will make my batter bitter.

But a bit of better butter will make my bitter butter better.

So she bought some better butter, better than the bitter butter,

Put it in her bitter butter, made her bitter butter better.

So it was better Betty Botter bought some better butter.

Sounds [t]-[d]

[t]is a consonant, occlusive, plosive, forelingual, alveolar, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The complete obstruction is made by the tip of the tongue firmly pressed against the middle of the alveolar ridge. The air coming into the mouth is trapped for a short time and then breaks the obstruction with a slight explosion.

Task 1Listen and then say the sound (A75)

[t]is usually spelled:

t tea till ten top two twenty water bit complete eat eight light suit

tt better bottle

ed (in past tenses) stopped washed

th (in a few names) Thailand Thames Thomas

Note: The letter t is silent in a few words: listen castle

[d]is a consonant, occlusive, plosive, forelingual, alveolar, voiced, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are brought together and vibrate. The soft palate is raised and the air comes to the mouth cavity. The complete obstruction is made by the tip of the tongue firmly pressed against the middle of the alveolar ridge. The air coming into the mouth is trapped for a short time and then breaks the obstruction with a slight explosion.

Task 2Listen and then say the sound(A76).

· Listen and say the sounds [t] and [d].

[d ]is usually spelled:

d day deep do door did food good head ready

dd add address ladder middle

Note:Sometimes you don't hear the [t] or [d] clearly at the end of a word.

Listen to the difference.

1 something to eat something to ea(t) 3 the end of the road the end of the roa(d)

2 turn on the light turn on the ligh(t) 4 writing on the board writing on the boar(d)

Tongue twisters

[t]

· Don't trouble trouble, until trouble troubles you!

If you trouble trouble, triple trouble troubles you!

· A Tudor who tooted the flute

Tried to tutor two tooters to toot.

Said the two to the tutor,

"Is it harder to toot or

To tutor two tooters to toot?"

[d]

When a doctor doctors a doctor,

Does the doctor doing the doctoring

Doctor as the doctor being doctored wants to be doctored or

Does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor as he wants to doctor?

LESSON 8 Sounds [k]-[g]

[k]is a consonant, occlusive, plosive, backlingual, voiceless, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are kept apart and do not vibrate. The soft palate is raised. The back of the tongue makes a firm contact with the soft palate. The air coming from the lungs is trapped for a short time and then breaks the obstruction with a slight explosion.

Task 1Listen and then say the sound (B2).

[k]is usually spelled:

c car cat careful clean close colour fact

k keep key kind kitchen desk like talk walk

ck back black check pocket tick

ch school stomach chemist architect

[kw] is often spelled qu: quick quiet quarter

[ks] is often spelled x:fax six taxi

Note: The letter k is silent in a few words: know, knee, knife.

Task 2Listen and say these sentences:

1 Look in the kitchen cupboard.

3 Keep your keys in your pocket.

[g]is a consonant, occlusive, plosive, backlingual, voiced, oral.

Articulation: Look at the diagram. The vocal cords are brought together and vibrate. The soft palate is raised. The back of the tongue makes a firm contact with the soft palate. The air coming from the lungs is trapped for a short time and then breaks the obstruction with a slight explosion.

Task 3Listen and then say the sound (B3).

· Listen and say the sounds [k] and [g].

[g]is usually spelled:

g garden girl glass go gold ago hungry bag leg

gg egg bigger

[gz] is sometimes spelled x: exam exactly

Note: The letter g is silent in some words :foreigner, sign, high, bought.

There is usually no [g]sound in words like sing, sings, singing, singer.

Some words have a silent u after g: guess guest dialogue

Task 4Now listen and say these sentences:

1 Can you guess the beginning of the dialogue?

2 Are you going jogging again?

Note:You often don't hear [k] or [g]clearly in the middle or at the end of a word. Listen.

1 I li(k)ed the film - the a(c)ting was perfe(c)t.

2 Do you li(ke) fo(lk) musi(c)?

3 It was a dar(k) night.

4 What's your do(g) called?

Task 5Pronounce correctly and spell the words:

[bed], [bæd], [pa:k], [ba:k], [læb], [gæp], [kæp], [kræb], [kɒp], [nɒt], [test], [tʌsk], [tɪp], [net], [slept], [taɪm], [taɪ], [taɪp], [lɪtl], [tɔ:l], [bɒtl], [təuld], [pa:st], [ha:t], [da:k], [pedl], [∫eɪd], [`hɒlɪdɪ], [`deɪlɪ], [lend], [bæd], [glæd], [dɪg], [du:], [`stju:dənt], [`dɪfikə1t], [dɔ:(r)], [kaɪnd], [ki:],[wi:k], [kəuld], [ka:], [klɒk], [skeɪt], [skaɪ],[da;k], [klaud], [si:k], [keɪk], [gud], [greɪt], [gɪv], [bæg], [gəu], [get], [mʌg], [geɪt], [leg], [dɒg], [gə:l].

Task 6Transcribe the following sentences:

1. Six little kittens lost their mittens.

2. My tea is sweet enough.

3. East or West home is best.

4. Come back as quick as you can.

5. A watched pot never boils.

Task 7Read the dialogue and act it in pairs:

- Hello.

- Hello, Ma. It's your son, Donald. I've got news for you.

- What news?

- I've just got married.

- But why didn't you tell me? Why so sudden? Why must I find out like this?

- Well, Ma, there's a little trouble. She's —she's — she's Alba­nian.

- How terrible! You know I always wanted you to marry a nice English girl. Foreigners are so unreliable. Well, perhaps Alba­nians make fine wives and mothers.

- But, Ma, you see there's another little difficulty. She's a few years older than me. She's a widow and she's got children al­ready.

- Oh, my son! What have you done to me? How can you upset me so much? How much older is she? How many children has she got?

- Well, she's forty-eight and she's got six children.

- Oh, Donald, my only son! You're breaking my heart. How ter­rible! Well, I suppose you must make the best of it.

- There's another little trouble, Ma. We've nowhere to stay.

- Don't worry, my son. You can stay here in my flat with your wife and her children.

- But, Ma, then where will you stay?

- Don't worry, my son. When I've put this phone down I'm drop­ping dead.

Tongue twisters

[k]

How many cookies could a good cook cook?

If a good cook could cook cookies?

A good cook could cook as much cookies

As a good cook who could cook cookies.

[g]

Grandma Gabby Grammer grabbed a gram of gummy goulash.

If Grandma Gabby Grammer grabbed a gram of gummy goulash,

How many grams of gummy goulash did Grandma Gabby Grammer grab?