Check up what you have learned in this chapter by doing quizzes 39, 40

Chapter 12. Word-formation

Основні словотвірні суфікси

Частина мови	Суфікс	Приклади словотворення
1 Іменник	-ion -ment -ance (-ence) -er (-or) -ant (-ent) -ness -ity -dom -ism -ist -ship	to decorate – decoration to develop – development to perform – performance   to work – worker to assist – assistant happy – happiness active – activity free – freedom social – socialism social – socialist friend – friendship
2 Прикметник	-able -ive -al -ful -less -ic -ous -y	to count – countable to act - active continent – continental beauty – beautiful help – helpless history – historic mountain – mountainous rain –rainy
3 Дієслово	-ate -ize (-ise) -fy -en	to decorate to organize to electrify to broaden
4 Числівник	-teen -ty -th	six – sixteen six – sixty six – sixth
5 Прислівник	-ly	nice – nicely

Основні словотвірні префікси

Префікси	Приклади словоутворення
un-	to dress – to undress important – unimportant like – unlike
dis-	to like – to dislake appearance – disappearance advantage – disadvantage
mis- re- in- im- ir- de- non- pre- over- co- en- ex- anti-	to undersand – to misunderstand to write – to rewrite attentive – inattentive possible – impossible regular – irregular to mobilize – demobilize effective – non-effective war – prewar estimate – overestimate existence – coexistence large – enlarge minister – ex-minister war – antiwar
counter-	balance – counterbalance

1 Which of the following verbs do not form their negatives with DIS-? Form the correct negatives of the given verbs:

agree	appear	approve	believe
continue	do	dress	infect
inherit	like	obey	organise
place	please	prove	satisfy
trust

2 DE- can be used with different meanings. Divide the following verbs formated with DE- into two groups:

When it means to remove or remove from the stated thing, e. g. defrost,

2) when it means reversing the process described by the original word, e. g. deactivate:

decentralise	declassify	decode	decolonise
decompress	dehumanise	dehydrate	deindustrialise
delouse	dematerialise	demilitarise	demist
depoliticise	depopulate	deregulate	destabilise
dethrone

Which of the following adjectives form their negatives with IN- and which with UN-?

definite	deniable	dependent	desirable
destructible	determinable	dignified	direct
disciplined	discreet	disputable	distinctive
distinguished	drinkable	edible	edited
educated	effective	eligible	equal
estimable	even	just	exceptional
expected	explored	fair	faithful
fallible	familiar	fashionable	favourable
finite	flexible	forgettable	formal
fortunate	friendly	fulfilled	grammatical
grateful	healthy	identified	idiomatic
imaginable	important	intentional

4 Look at these examples and add more of your own, using the root words below with one of the negative prefixes in this list:

DIS- disagree ... IL- illegal ...

IM- immature ... IN- indirect ...

IR- irregular ... UN- uncomfortable ...

accurate	approve	convenient	decent
expected	familiar	kind	known
legible	like	literate	lucky
moral	obey	patient	personal
popular	possible	probable	regular
relevant	satisfied	tidy	tolerant
visible

5 OVER- can be used with different meanings. Divide the following words formed with OVER- into five groups:

When it means too much; excess of, e. g. overpaid,

When it means power, e. g. overcome,

When it means above, beyond, across, e. g. overseas,

When it means outer; covering, e. g. overalls,