Exercise 7. Read the dialogue and compare the use of the Past Simple and the Past Perfect Tenses. Make up your dialogue

Mary: Why did you go home before the party had finished?

John: I had forgotten to switch my TV-set off.

Mary: What had happened when you got home?

John: My brother had switched it off for me.

Mary: Then why didn’t you come back to the party?

John: Oh, I had left the TV on deliberately (намеренно) because I didn’t want to stay at the party.

**Exercise 8. Use the correct tense forms.

1. He (to find) that the lady (not to be) so young as he (to expect). 2. When Frederik II (to see) a new soldier in his army he always (to ask) the same questions: “How old you (to be)? How long you (to serve) in my army?” 3. Since 1147 the name of Moscow (to be) on the pages of history. 4. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (to found) Moscow. 5. You (to make) the tour of Moscow? – Yes, we (to make the acquaintance) of all its sights yesterday.

Exercise 9. Use the Future Perfect Tense. § 8.4.3.

1. When the uncle returns from Australia his son (to grow up). 2. By the end of this year I (to learn) English very well. 3. I’ll need this magazine. … you (to look it through) by morning? 4. If you come at 9 the concert (to finish). 5. We mustn’t be late. They (to eat) everything by the time we come. 6. Before they choose a suitable house they (to see) hundreds of them. 7. When you go out it (to stop raining). 8. By the end of May she (to pass) all the exams.

Exercise 10. Translate into English using the verbs in the Present, Past or Future Simple Passive. § 8.7.

Мне рассказали Мне рассказывают Мне расскажут

Ее привели Ее приводят Ее приведут

Нам ответили Нам отвечают Нам ответят

Им дали Им дают Им дадут

Ему помогли Ему помогают Ему помогут

Нас пригласили Нас приглашают Нас пригласят

Его позвали Его зовут Его позовут

Exercise 11. Use the verbs in brackets in the Present, Past or Future Simple Passive. § 8.7.

1. … Australia often (to visit) by tourists from other countries? 2. Queen Elizabeth II (to crown) in 1952. 3. English (to speak) as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan and numerous countries in Africa. 4. The members of the House of Commons (to elect) by people. 5. This programme (not to show) on TV tomorrow. 6. In 1066, England (to conquer) by the Normans. 7. Why … the newspapers (not to bring) yesterday? 8. Scotland (to join) into the UK in 1707, after a long struggle for its independence.

*Exercise 12. Change these sentences into Passive. Pay attention to the prepositions. § 8.7.

E.g. We often speak about her. – She is often spoken about.

1. We thought about our friend all the time. 2. The doctor will operate on him in a week. 3. They looked for the newspaper everywhere. 4. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention. 5. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday. 6. The young mothers look after their babies with great care. 7. Nobody lives in that old house. 8. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject.

*Exercise 13. Rewrite these sentences using the Passive Voice. § 8.7.

Model: They didn’t give me the money. → I wasn’t given the money.

1. The asked him some difficult questions at the interview.

2. Ann’s friends were telling her an interesting story, when I came.

3. Nobody told me that George was ill.

4. How much will they pay you?

5. The landlady gave them the cottage for a week.

6. Has anybody shown you what to do?

7. The company will offer him this job, I think.

Exercise 14. Change these sentences into the Passive Voice. § 8.7.

1. They were playing tennis from four till five. 2. At twelve o’clock the workers were loading the trucks. 3. By six o’clock the workers had loaded the trucks. 4. They will show this film on TV. 5. Has anybody explained the rules of the games to you? 6. They haven’t brought back my skates. 7. Has the secretary typed the letters? – No, she is typing them now. 8. They did not invite her to the party. 9. Have you written the letter yet? 10. They haven’t told us a lot of interesting things. 11. Someone wants you on the phone. 12. What music were they playing? 13. The earliest known name of Great Britain is Albion. Since 2002 the official government yearbooks have only used the term “United Kingdom”.

*Exercise 15. Open the brackets using the right forms of the verb in the Passive Voice. § 8.7.

The Loch Ness Monster

The story of the Loch Ness monster begins in 1933 when it (to see) for the first time. Since then it (to see) at least once every year and (to photograph) many times. The first photograph (to take) by a local man in November, 1933. On one occasion, large brown eyes (to see) and horns (to report) several times. Ears (not to mention) yet.

The monster, however (not to forget), and probably never (to forget). It is known that it sometimes leaves the loch and a few years ago it (to see) running along the main road not far from a café. Occasionally two monsters (to see) at the same time. It (not to know) whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend. But the monster and its activities (to consider) still a mystery.

Exercise 16. Translate into Russian paying attention to the use of the Passive Voice. § 8.7.

1. What is being done in the house for the guests? 2. Some flowers can be cut and brought in from the garden. 3. The second course was followed by fruit salad. 4. His name is often referred to in the articles. 5. He is such a bore. He is never listened to. 6. The policeman has been sent for. 7. This film was much spoken about. 8. We were treated to ice-cream. 9. If you wear this hat you’ll be laughed at. 10. We were shown around the building. 11. Your luggage will be looked after.

*Exercise 17. Find in the net all the necessary information and answer the questions to the topic “Canada”.

1. Where is Canada situated?

2. What seas or oceans is it washed by?

3. What is its total area?

4. What is Canadian’s typical relief?

5. Why does it contain much fresh water?

6. How many provinces and territories does Canada consist of?

7. Which of them have more autonomy – territories or provinces?

8. What is the capital of the country?

9. Is Canada a member of the Commonwealth? Who is the Queen’s representative?

10. Who is the head of government?

11. How large is the number of population?

12. What languages are spoken in Canada?

13. What is the motto of this state?

14. Will you describe the flag of Canada?

TEXT FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READING

Read the text and discuss with your groupmates the administrative and political systems of Great Britain and the USA. Use the following: “both … and …”, “unlike …”, “while …”, “as distinct from …”, “as well as”.

The United States of America is a federation of 50 states. 48 of these states are in the same general area but Alaska in the north-west and Hawaii in the middle of the Pacific Ocean are geographically separated.

The federal capital is Washington, south of New York. Washington is the centre of federal government but each state has its own capital and its own government. State governments have large power and independence and are responsible for education, road building, the state police force etc.

Federal laws are made by the Congress which is the equivalent of the British Parliament. There are two Houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each state sends representatives and senators to the Congress. The President together with the Vice-President are elected separately. They serve for a term of four years.

There are two main political parties in the United States: the Democrats and the Republicans. The differences between their policies are not usually very great.

The national flag of the USA consists of 13 red and white horizontal stripes and 50 small white stars in the blue rectangle. The 50 stars represent the 50 states of the US of America and 13 stripes the 13 British colonies that declare their independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain and became the first states of the Union. The Nickname for the flag is the “Stars and Stripes”.

UNIT FOUR

LONDON

Phonetic Exercises

1. Read paying attention to the “silent” letters.

mb [m]

lamb

bomb

tomb

bt [t]

debt

doubt

subtle