INTRODUCTORY READING AND TALK. Lesson 4 DOMESTIC CHORES

CONTENTS

Lesson 1 FAMILY LIFE......................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

Lesson 2 HOME..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16

Lesson 3 DAILY ROUTINE................................................................................................................................................................................. 29

Lesson 4 DOMESTIC CHORES......................................................................................................................................................................... 41

Lesson 5 SHOPPING FOR FOOD....................................................................................................................................................................... 54

Lesson 6 SHOPPING FOR CONSUMER GOODS........................................................................................................................................... 68

Lesson 7 MEALS AND COOKING..................................................................................................................................................................... 81

Lesson 8 COLLEGE LIFE.................................................................................................................................................................................... 96

Lesson 9 CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE.............................................................................................................................................. 112

Lesson 10 WEATHER........................................................................................................................................................................................ 127

SUPPLEMENTARY READING........................................................................................................................................................................ 141

TOPICAL VOCABULARY................................................................................................................................................................................ 160

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебный комплекс "English for University Students" рассчи­тан на студентов первого курса факультетов иностранных языков и изучающих английский язык на продвинутом этапе и отвечает требованиям программы Министерства Высшего Образования Российской Федерации.

Комплекс включает четыре составных элемента — три учебника: «Введение в курс фонетики английского языка», «Чтение, письменная и устная практика», «Упражнения по грамматике английского языка» и аудиокурс.

Комплекс создан на кафедре фонетики английского язы­ка факультета иностранных языков РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена и апробирован на первом курсе английского отделения в 1995-1998 годах.

Настоящая книга представляет собой вторую часть учеб­ного комплекса — «Чтение, письменная и устная практика» (Reading, Writing and Conversation). Концепция данного учеб­ного комплекса возникла и приобрела соответствующую фор­му в процессе решения конкретных задач обучения англий­скому языку студентов-филологов.

Учебник «Чтение, письменная и устная практика», как и весь комплекс, характеризуется достаточно высоким уровнем сложности, соответствующим требованиям, предъявляемым к студентам языковых факультетов вузов. Авторский коллектив попытался оказать максимальную помощь студенту при рабо­те с книгой, включив в материал учебника необходимые комментарии.

Учебный материал содержит десять уроков по следующим темам: 1) семейная жизнь, 2) дом и квартира, 3) распорядок дня, 4) домашние обязанности, 5) в продуктовом магазине, 6) в универмаге, 7) еда и кулинария, 8) студенческая жизнь, 9) внешность и характер, 10) погода.

Все уроки строятся по единой схеме. В начале урока даётся вводный текст в виде эссе на заданную тему и коммуникатив­ные задания к нему. Основная задача — ввести наиболее час­тотную тематическую лексику по теме, отработать и закрепить её при помощи коммуникативных заданий. Далее следует текст из художественного произведения английских авторов двадцатого века. Сюжет текста обязательно связан с изучае­мой темой. Для достижения наибольшей концентрации тема­тической лексики оригинальные тексты подвергались сокра­щению. После текста приводится список имён собственных, встречающихся в тексте, и даются примечания — переводы на русский язык наиболее сложных фрагментов и пояснения ре­алий британской жизни. Далее следуют вопросы, контролиру­ющие понимание текста, и серия фонетических упражнений.

Лексические упражнения представлены в двух категори­ях — упражнения, нацеленные на достижение максимального количества повторных обращений к тексту, что способствует его усвоению; и упражнения, основной задачей которых явля­ется дальнейшее расширение навыков говорения и аудирования по теме. В качестве завершающего коммуникативного упражнения по теме предлагается ролевая игра.

Все уроки включают раздел «Письменная практика». В каждом разделе даётся информация справочного характера об основных видах письменных работ, выполняемых студен­тами, и приводятся образцы оформления таких работ. Здесь также предлагаются различные письменные задания и темы для сочинений. В конце учебника имеются два приложе­ния — дополнительные тексты для чтения к каждому уроку и списки слов и выражений по темам.

Аудиокурс включает записи некоторых текстов и диалогов, отмеченных в учебнике специальным знаком ○.

Работа над пособием распределялась следующим образом:

Составление вводных текстов и заданий к ним (за исклю­чением уроков 3,4, 6); подбор и обработка текстов из художе­ственной литературы (за исключением уроков 3, 7); разработ­ка системы фонетических и частично лексических упражне­ний к урокам 1—10; разработка уроков 5, 10, включая подбор дополнительных текстов и составление тематического слова­ря; общее методическое руководство и редактирование — Е. М. Меркулова. Разработка уроков 1,7 и частично 10, вклю­чая подбор дополнительных текстов; составление тематиче­ского словаря к уроку 1 — О. Е. Филимонова. Разработка уро­ков 4, 9, включая составление вводного текста и заданий к нему в уроке 4; а также подбор дополнительных текстов и со­ставление тематического словаря к урокам 4, 9 — С. И. Костыгина. Разработка уроков 3, 6, включая составление вводных текстов и заданий к ним, подбор дополнительных текстов и составление тематического словаря — Ю. А. Иванова. Разработка уроков 2, 8, включая подбор дополнительных текстов и составление тематического словаря — Л. В. Папанова.

Коллектив авторов выражает искреннюю благодарность: декану факультета иностранных языков РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена В. Н. Бычкову за поддержку проекта;

преподавателям кафедры фонетики английского языка, участвовавшим в апробации и оказавшим неоценимую по­мощь в процессе работы;

Ю. В.. Романову и Л. В. Власовой за помощь в осуществле­нии компьютерного набора;

студентам, обучавшимся на первом курсе английского от­деления в 1995—1998 гг. и участвовавшим в апробации;

преподавателям М. В. Лисенко и Е. Т. Сысоевой за по­мощь в поиске текстов к урокам 5, 6;

а также всем остальным коллегам, в той или иной мере способствовавшим созданию учебного комплекса.

Авторы

Lesson 1 FAMILY LIFE

INTRODUCTORY READING AND TALK

Marriage is a thing which only a rare person in his or her life avoids. Truebachelors andspinsters make up only a small percent of the population; most singlepeople are"alone but not lonely".

Millions of othersget married because of the funof family life.And it is fan, if one takes it with a sense of humour.

There's a lot of fun infalling in love with someone and chasing the prospectivefiancee, which meansdating andgoing out with the candidate. All therelatives (parents, grandparents andgreat-grand­parents, brothers andsisters, cousins, aunts anduncles, nieces and nephews, stepmothers andstepfathers and allin-laws) meanwhile have the fan of criticizing your choice and giving advice. The trick here is not to listen to them butpropose to yourbride-to-be and somehow get her to accept yourproposal. Then you may arrange theengagement andfix the day of the wedding.

What fun it is to get all those things, whose names start with the word "wedding" —dress, rings, cars, flowers, cakes, etc.! It's great fun to pay for them.

It's fun for thebride and thegroom to escape from the guests and go on ahoneymoon trip, especially if it is awedding present from the parents. The guests remain with the fun of gossiping whether youmarried for love or for money.

It's fan to return back home with the idea that the person you are married to is somewhat different from the one you knew. But there is no time to think about it because you arenewly-weds and youexpect a baby.

There is no better fan for ahusband than taking hiswifeto ama­ternity home alone and bringing her back with thetwinsortriplets.

And this is where the greatest fan starts:washing the new-born's nappies andpassing away sleepless nights, earning money to keep the family, taking children to kindergarten and laterto school. By all means it's fan toattend parents' meetings and to learn that your childrentake after you and don'tdo well at school.

The bigger your children grow, the more theyresemble you out­wardly and the less they display likeness with you inwardly. And you startgrumbling at them and discussing with your old friends the problem of the"generation gap". What fan!

And when at last you and your grey-hairedspouse start thinking that your family life has calmed down, you haven'tdivorced butpre­served your union, the climax of your fan bursts out!

One of your dearestoffsprings brings a long-legged blonde to your house and says that he wants to marry. And you think: 'Why do people ever get married?'

1. Choose one of the names in the family tree below and say how the per­son is related to other people. Note that the pictures of marriage part­ners are connected with wedding rings.

►Pattern: William Luke is Leon Luke's son, Philip Smith's nephew and Laura White's grandson

.

2. Make up your family tree and speak about your family.

3. Work in pairs and talk. Imagine that:

a) you are speaking with a distant relative trying to find out what relation you are to one another;

b) you show your family album to your friend and answer all his or her questions.

TEXT

A Marriage of Convenience

(Story by W. S. Maugham. Abridged.)

I left Bangkok on a shabby little ship. I had gone on board early in the morning and soon discovered that I was thrown amid the oddest collection of persons I had ever encountered. There were two French traders and a Belgian colonel, an Italian tenor, the American proprietor of a circus with his wife, and a retired French official with his.

The French official had been accompanied on board by the French minister at Bangkok, one or two secretaries and a prince of a royal family. He was evidently a person of consequence.¹ I had heard the captain address him as Monsieur le Gouverneur.

Monsieur le Gouverneur was a little man, well below the ave­rage height, and smally made, with a very ugly little face; he had a bushy grey head, bushy grey eyebrows, and a bushy grey moustache. He did look a little like a poodle² and he had the poodle's soft, in­telligent and shining eyes.

The Governor's wife was a large woman, tall and of a robust build. She towered over her diminutive husband like a skyscraper over a shack. He talked incessantly, with vivacity and wit, and when he said anything amusing her heavy features relaxed into a large fond smile.

In such a small ship having once made the acquaintance of my fellow passengers, it would have been impossible, even had I wished it, not to pass with them every moment of the day that I was not in my cabin.

Talking of one thing and another we watched the day decline, we dined, and then we sat out again on deck under the stars. Soon, influenced perhaps by the night, the Italian tenor, accompanying himself on his guitar began to sing. He had the real Italian voice, and he sang the Neapolitan songs.

I saw that the little French Governor had been holding the hand of his large wife and the sight was absurd and touching.

'Do you know that this is the anniversary of the day on which I first saw my wife?' he said, suddenly breaking the silence. 'It is also the anniversary of the day on which she promised to be my wife. And, which will surprise you, they were one and the same.'

'You see, ours was a marriage of convenience pure and simple.'³

'C'est vrai,'⁴ said the lady. 'But sometimes love comes after marriage and not before, and then it is better. It lasts longer.'

'You see, I had been in the navy, and when I retired I was forty-nine. I was strong and active and I was very anxious to find an occupation. And presently I was sent for by the minister to the Colonies and offered the post of Governor in a certain colony. The minister told me that I must be ready to start in a month. I told him that would be easy for an old bachelor.'

'You are a bachelor?'

'Certainly,' I answered.

'In that case I am afraid I must withdraw my offer. For this posi­tion it is essential that you should be married.'

'It is too long a story to tell you, but the gist of it was that owing to the scandal my predecessor had caused, it had been decided that the next Governor must be a model of respectability. I expostulated. I argued. Nothing would serve. The minister was adamant.'

'Well, think it over/ said the minister. 'If you can find a wife in a month you can go, but no wife no job.'

I walked away from the ministry with death in my heart.⁵ Sud­denly I made up my mind.⁶ I walked to the offices of the Figaro, composed an advertisement, and handed it in for insertion. You will never believe it, but I had four thousand three hundred and sev­enty-two replies. It was an avalanche. It was hopeless, I had less than a month now and I could not see over four thousand aspirants to my hand in that time. I gave it up as a bad job.⁷ I went out of my room hideous with all those photographs and littered papers and to drive care away⁸ went on to the boulevard and sat down at the Cafe de la Paix. After a time I saw a friend passing. My friend stopped and coming up to me sat down.

'What is making you lookso glum?' he asked me.

I was glad to havesomeone in whom I could confide my trou­bles and told him the whole story. He laughed. Controlling his mirth as best he could, he said to me: 'But, my dear fellow, do you really want to marry?' At this I entirely lost my temper.⁹

'You are completely idiotic,' I said. 'If I did not want to marry, do you imagine that I should have spent three days reading love let­ters from women I have never set eyes on?'¹⁰

'Calm yourself and listen to me,' he replied. 'I have a cousin who lives in Geneva. She is Swiss. Her morals are without reproach, she is of a suitable age, a spinster, for she has spent the last fifteen years nursing an invalid mother who has lately died, she is well edu­cated and she is not ugly.'

'There is one thing you forget. What inducement would there be for her to give up her accustomed life to accompany in exile a man of forty-nine who is by no means a beauty?'

When I made this remark to my friend he replied: 'One can never tell with women.¹¹ There is something about marriage that wonderfully attracts them. There would be no harm in asking her. '

'But I do not know your cousin and I don't see how I am to make her acquaintance.'

'I will tell you what to do,' said my friend. 'Go to Geneva and take her a box of chocolates from me. You can have a little talk and then if you do not like the look of her you take your leave and no harm is done.'

That night I took the train to Geneva. No sooner had I arrived than I sent her a letter to say that I was the bearer of a gift from her cousin. Within an hour I received her reply to the effect that she would be pleased to receive me at four o'clock in the afternoon. As the clock struck four I presented myself at the door other house. She was waiting for me. Imagine my surprise to see a young woman with the dignity of Juno, the features of Venus, and in her expres­sion the intelligence of Minerva. I was so taken aback that I nearly dropped the box of chocolates. We talked for a quarter of an hour. And then I said to her.

'Mademoiselle,¹²1 must tell you that I did not come here merely to give you a box of chocolates. I came to ask you to do me the ho­nour of marrying me.'

She gave a start.¹³

'But, monsieur, you are mad,' she said.

Then I repeated my offer.

'I will not deny that your offer has come as a surprise. I had not thought of marrying, I have passed the age. I must consult my friends and my family.'

'What have they got to do with it? You are of full age. The mat­ter is pressing. I cannot wait. '

'You are not asking me to say yes or no this very minute? That is outrageous.'

'That is exactly what I am asking.'

'You are quite evidently a lunatic.'

'Well, which is it to be? ' I said. 'Yes or no?'

She shrugged her shoulders. She waited a minute and I was on tenterhooks.¹⁴

'Yes.'

And there she is. We were married in a fortnight and I became Governor of a colony. 'I married a jewel, my dear sirs, one in a thousand.'

He turned to the Belgian colonel.

'Are you a bachelor? If so I strongly recommend you to go to Geneva. It is a nest of the most adorable young women.'

It was she who summed up the story.

'The fact is that in a marriage of convenience you expect less and so you are less likely to be disappointed. Passion is all very well,¹⁵ but it is not a proper foundation for marriage. For two people to be happy in marriage they must be able to respect one another, and their interests must be alike; then if they are decent people and are willing to give and take, to live and let live, there is no reason why their union should not be as happy as ours.' She paused. 'But, of course, my husband is a very remarkable man.'

Proper Names

William Somerset Maugham [wIlj@m 'söm@set 'mþm] — Уильям Сомерсег Моэм

Bangkok [b{Î'kÁk] — Бангкок

Belgian [bеld³@n] — бельгиец

Monsieur le Gourvemeur [mÆ:'sjÆ: l@ ,güv@r'nÆ:r] (French) — мсье губернатор

Neapolitan [nI@'pÁlIt@n] — неаполитанский

Figaro ["fIg@'r@U] — Фигаро (Прим.: популярная французская га­зета)

Cafe de la Paix ['k{feI d@ l@ 'рe:]— кафе де ля Пэ

Geneva [³I'nÖv@] — Женева

Juno ['³u:n@U] (Latin) — Юнона (Прим.: супруга Юпитера, богиня брака)

Venus ['vÖn@s] (Latin) — Венера (Прим.: богиня любви и красоты)

Minerva [mI'nÆ:v@] (Latin) — Минерва (Прим.: богиня мудрости)

Vocabulary Notes

1. ... a person of consequence. — ... важная персона.

2. He did look a little like a poodle... — Очень уж он был похож на пуделя ... (Прим.: В данном случае имеет место так называе­мая эмфатическая, т.е. усилительная конструкция. В обычную структуру утвердительного предложения вводится вспомога­тельный глагол. При переводе подобных конструкции на русский употребляются слова типа «именно», «уж», «очень» и т. п. По­добные конструкции неоднократно встречаются в текстах данного учебника).

3. Ours was a marriage of convenience pure and simple. — Наш брак был, без сомнения, браком по расчёту.

4. C'est vrai [se: 'vre:] (French) — Верно.

5. ... with death in my heart. — ... с тяжёлым сердцем.

6. Suddenly I made up my mind. — Неожиданно у меня созрело решение.

7. I gave it up as a bad job. — Я бросил это безнадёжное дело.

8. ... to drive care away ... — ... чтобы развеяться ...

9. At this I entirely lost my temper. — И тут я совсем вышел из себя.

10. ... from women I have never set eyes on? — ... от женщин, которых я в глаза не видел?

11. One can never tell with women. — Кто их разберёт, женщин.

12. mademoiselle ["m{d@mw@'zel] — мадемуазель

13. She gave a start. —Она вздрогнула.

14. ... I was on tenterhooks. — ... я был как на иголках.

15. Passion is all very well, but... — Страсть — это прекрасно, но ...

Comprehension Check

1. What kind of people were there on board the ship?

2. How did the author guess that the Governor was a person of con­ sequence?

3. What did the Governor and his wife look like?

4. How did it happen that the Governor started telling his story?

5. What impulse did the Governor have to marry?

6. Why was it essential for the next Governor to be married?

7. What did the Governor suddenly decide to do?

8. What kind of response did the Governor get after he had handed in the advertisement?

9. Why did he give up reading letters?

10. Where did the Governor meet his friend?

11. What did his friend suggest?

12. Did the Governor agree to follow his advice? How?

13. What impression did the lady produce upon the Governor?

14. What reaction did the lady have to his proposal?

15. Was the Governor persistent? Support your opinion.

16. What happened in the end?

17. What piece of advice did the Governor give to the Belgian colonel?

18. How did the lady sum up the story?

Phonetic Text Drills

Exercise 1

Transcribe and pronounce correctly the words given below.

To encounter, colonel, tenor, proprietor, to accompany, con­sequence, moustache, diminutive, skyscraper, guitar, conven­ience, to withdraw, predecessor, to expostulate, adamant, ava­lanche, aspirant, hideous, boulevard, inducement, exile, quar­ter, outrageous, lunatic, adorable, to pause.

○Exercise 2

Pronounce the words or phases where the following clusters occur.

1. plosive + plosive

Left Bangkok, had gone, had been, not to pass, watched, not before, should be, had caused, must be, bad job, sat down, remark to, dropped, must consult, got to do, shrugged, respect.

2. plosive + 1

Little, evidently, did look, poodle, husband like, decline, hopeless, glad, suitable, lately, accustomed life, replied, likely, let live, remarkable.

3. plosive + r

Trader, proprietor, secretaries, grey, eyebrows, skyscraper, promised, hundred, photographs, drive, troubles, control­ling, reproach, struck, presented, expression, outrageous, proper.

4. plosive + m/n

Told me, could not, confide my troubles, invalid mother, about marriage, did not, had not, should not.

5. consonant + w

Sight was, ours was, must withdraw, it was, did not want, is well, tell with women, was waiting, that wonderfully att­racts.

Exercise 3

Say what kind of false assimilation one should avoid in the following cus­ters.

Was thrown, had heard, wife was, is the anniversary, was strong, was sent, is something, was so, is pressing, was she.

○Exercise 4

I. Listen to the following sentences with enumeration. Pronounce after the announcer, transcribe and intone the sentences.

There were 'two 'French /traders | and a 'Belgian /colonel, | an I'talian /tenor, | the A'merican proprietor of a 'circus with his/wife, | and a re'tired 'French official with \his. ||

The 'French official had been accompanied on /board by the 'French 'minister at Bang/kok, | one or two /secretaries | and a 'prince of a 'royal \family. ||

Talking of 'one 'thing and a/nother | we 'watched the 'day de/cline, | we /dined, | and 'then we 'sat 'out a'gain on 'deck un­der the \stairs. ||

II. Find other sentences with enumeration in the text and read them aloud.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1

Find in the text words similar in meaning to the following:

Nouns:

A human being, an owner, a statesman, getting to know some­one, the celebration of a date, a single man, a post, bad public gossip, a person who strives for getting something, a single lady, stimulus, a present, a madman, a precious stone.

Verbs:

To meet by chance, to travel together with somebody, to call somebody, to cease employment, to take back, to protest, to give to somebody, to finish abruptly, to ask for advice, to give instructions, to summarize.

Adjectives:

In bad condition, bad-looking, full-bodied, tiny, tender, silly, firm, appropriate, urgent, admirable, good enough, moving.

Exercise 2

Explain in other words the following phrases.

To confide troubles, to lose temper, without reproach, of a suitable age, to nurse somebody, to be taken aback, to do someone the honour of marrying him, to be on tenterhooks, to give a start, to come as a surprise, to pass the age, to be of full age, a proper foundation for marriage, a person of conse­quence, an aspirant to someone's hand, to be adamant, a mar­riage of convenience.

Exercise 3

Find in the text the English equivalents for the following Russian words and phrases.

A.

Брак по расчёту; годовщина; составить объявление; претендент(ка) на чью-либо руку; поделиться с кем-либо своими проблемами; любовное послание; подходящего возраста; незамужняя женщина; преподнести коробку конфет от чьего-либо имени; оказать честь выйти замуж; выйти из определённого возраста; быть совершеннолет­ним; один на тысячу; страсть — это прекрасно, но...; хо­рошая основа для брака; быть счастливым в браке; ува­жать друг друга; союз.

В.

Сопровождать; важная персона; обращаться к кому-либо; намного ниже среднего роста; возвышаться над кем-либо; познакомиться; говорить о том, о сём; на палу­бе; нарушить тишину; служить во флоте; ничего не помо­гало; решить; развеяться; изо всех сил; выйти из себя; в глаза не видеть кого-либо;никоим образом; быть удив­лённым; уронить; вздрогнуть; дело безотлагательное; по­

жать плечами;быть как на иголках;очень рекомендовать; закончить рассказ.

Exercise 4

Find in the text sentences with the following expressions and read them aloud. Translate them into Russian and let your classmates translate them back into English without a textbook.

to tower over somebody,

with death in one's heart,

to find an occupation,

to lose one's temper,

to relax into a smile,

to be ready to start in a month,

to control one's mirth,

to make up one's mind,

to withdraw one's offer,

to set eyes on somebody,

to be by no means a beauty,

to come as a surprise,

to be on tenterhooks,

no harm to be done,

to get to do with something,

to be less likely.

Exercise 5

Complete the sentences the way the author puts it in the text.

1. Passion is all very well, but...

2. I had gone on board early in the morning and soon discov­ ered that...

3. The Governor's wife was a large woman, tall and ...

4. I saw that the little French Governor had been holding ...

5. 'You see, ours was a marriage ...'

6. In that case I am afraid I must withdraw ...

7. It is too long a story to tell you, but ...

8. I walked to the offices of Figaro ...

9. You will never believe it but ...

10. I was glad to have someone to whom I could ...

11. Her morals are without reproach, she is of...

12. One can never tell with women. There is something about marriage ...

13. If you do not like the look of her...

14. I was so taken aback that...

15. I came to ask you

16. I will not deny ...

17. The fact is that in a marriage

Exercise 6

Express the same idea using different wording and grammar.

1. Ours was a marriage of convenience pure and simple.

2. But sometimes love comes after marriage and not before, and then it is better. It lasts longer.

3. I was strong and active and I was very anxious to find an occupation.

4. I told him that would be easy for an old bachelor.

5. I expostulated. I argued. Nothing would serve.

6. I had four thousand and three hundred and seventy-two re plies. It was an avalanche.

7. I gave it up as a bad job.

8. What is making you look so glum?

9. What inducement would there be for her to give up her ac­ customed life to accompany in exile a man of forty-nine who is by no means a beauty?

10. There would be no harm in asking her.

11. If you do not like the look of her you take your leave and no harm is done.

12. Within an hour I received her reply to the effect that she would be pleased to receive me at four o'clock in the after­noon.

13. I was so taken aback that I nearly dropped the box of chocolates.

14. You are of full age. The matter is pressing. I cannot wait.

15. For two people to be happy in marriage they must be able to respect one another, and their interests must be alike; then if they are decent people and willing to give and take, to live and let live, there is no reason why their union should not be as happy as ours.

Exercise 7

Translate the following verbal phrases into Russian. Mind the difference in the use of prepositions in the two languages if any.

1. To consult somebody, to address somebody, to pass the age, to shrug one's shoulders, to encounter somebody, to many somebody, to nurse somebody.

2. To sum up, to be taken aback, to give up, to hand in, to sit down, to come up.

Exercise 8

Put in the missing prepositions or postpositions if necessary.

1. I felt deep sorrow and wanted to confide my troubles ... somebody.

2. The children were so much taken ... that they could not speak for a while; then they decided to think it... .

3. You don't need to consult ... anybody, you have already passed ... the age when people depend on others.

4. The best way to drive care ... is to sit... a cafe.

5. One never knows how to address ... young ladies — Miss or Mrs.

6. A lot of people have never set eyes ... skyscrapers.

7. The lady at the table shrugged ... her shoulders and sent... the waiter.

8. Not everyone has enough tolerance to nurse ... elderly peo­ple but those who have, never give it... .

9. I encountered ... my old friend in the street, we went to a cafe and talked ... so many things.

10. The most difficult thing for a young author is to hand ... his manuscript to the editor.

11. Younger people are easily influenced ... all sorts of things they see or hear.

12. When the lady was pleased her lips relaxed ... a smile.

13. Quite often the students are asked to sum ... the story.

14. The tenor sang and his assistant accompanied him ... the guitar.

Exercise 9

Translate the sentences into English using the vocabulary of the text.

1. Кто сможет в сорок лет отказаться от привычной жизни и уехать куда-нибудь далеко, чтобы начать всё сначала?

2. Я думаю, не будет никакого вреда, если мы подробно обо всём поговорим.

3. Я прошу ответить сию секунду.

4. Хотя мне хотелось чем-нибудь заняться и мне пред­ложили хорошую работу, я всё же не был готов начать через день.

5. Говорят, Наполеон был намного ниже среднего роста.

6. Решение пришло неожиданно. Я ушел и отправился побродить, чтобы развеяться.

7. Союз двух людей не сбудет счастливым, если они не уважают друг друга.

8. В этой семье каждый год празднуют годовщину свадьбы.

9. Смотреть на супругов, проживших вместе пятьдесят лет — это трогательное зрелище.

10. В этом доме всегда с радостью принимают гостей.

11. Я очень рекомендую Вам отправиться в путешествие на корабле.

12. Спустя какое-то время ко мне подошёл старый приятель.

13. Подавая брачные объявления в газету, люди чаще всего ищут партнёров подходящего возраста.

14. Кто их разберёт, женщин? Они всё делают по-своему.

15. Изо всех сил стараясь сдержать смех, дама в ответ просто пожала плечами.

Exercise 10

Dramatize the dialogues between:

1. the narrator and the French Governor;

2. the minister and the prospective Governor;

3. the prospective Governor and his friend;

4. the prospective Governor and his future wife.

Exercise 11

Retell the Governor's story:

1. in the third person;

2. in the person of the Governor;

3. in the person of the Governor's wife;

4. in the person of the Governor's friend.

Exercise 12

Discussion points.

1. What do you think of the main characters — the Governor and his wife?

2. The characters' appearances are so different. Is it a plus or a minus?

3. Does their story sound true to life, in your opinion? Prove your point.

4. Was it really a marriage of convenience? Could it be a case of love at first sight?

5. Are you for or against marriages of convenience?

6. Do you think acquaintance services and marriage advertise­ments can be of help?

Exercise 13

Express your opinion about the following words of the characters in the text.

'But sometimes love comes after marriage and not before, and then it is better. It lasts longer.'

'One can never tell with women. There is something about marriage that wonderfully attracts them.'

'For two people to be happy in marriage they must be able to respect one another, and their interests must be alike ...'

Exercise 14

1. The Governor's wife had been a spinster and he had been a bachelor before they married. What other terms do you know to denote the mari­tal status of a person? Consult the Topical Vocabulary.

an unmarried person —

a person, having a spouse —

a person, who divorced his or her spouse —

2. The characters' marriage is called "a marriage of convenience". What other types of marriages do you know?

marriage, when people love each other —

marriage of people who are distantly related —

marriage of people with different social status —

3. The Governor and his wife celebrated the anniversary of their wedding. Do you know what we call the most often celebrated anniversaries?

25 years of family life —

50 years of family life —

75 years of family life —

Exercise 15

Imagine the following situation. Your parents have chosen a mate for you. They insist that you should marry the person they have found. How would you react? What do you think of arranged marriages in India and other ori­ental countries? Can an arranged marriage work?

Use the following expressions:

It is all very well, but...

One can never tell with ...

What have/has they/it got to do with ...

There would be no harm in ...

I don't see how ...

Imagine my surprise to ...

Even had I wished it ...

No wife, no ...

Exercise 16

Read the following short passage and compare the wedding traditions in Russia and Great Britain. Say what is different and what they have in com­mon. Speak about interesting wedding ceremonies in other countries.

Wedding Superstitions

In England the wedding preparations, ceremony and feast have all become loaded with ritual practices to ward off evil and bless the marriage with fortune and fertility.

The choice of date is important. May is traditionally un­lucky for weddings. The tradition that the bride's parents should pay for the wedding dates from two or three centuries ago, when wealthy families would pay an eligible bachelor to take an unmarried daughter off their hands in exchange for a large dowry. At most formal weddings, brides still get married in vilginal white — many other colours are considered un­lucky.

A bride will also ensure that her wedding outfit includes "something old, something new, something borrowed, some­thing blue". "Old" maintains her link with the past; "new" symbolizes the future; "borrowed" gives her a link with the present; and "blue" symbolizes her purity.

Even a modem bride will observe the taboos about wearing her dress before the ceremony. The groom mustn't see her in it until she enters the church. The veil should be put on for the first time as she leaves for the church.

It's a lucky omen if the bride should see a chimney sweep on her way to church. Sometimes a sweep is paid to attend the ceremony and kiss the bride - a relic of the idea that soot and ashes are symbols of fertility.

After the ceremony, the couple are showered with confetti. One old custom was for the bride and sometimes the groom to negotiate some obstacle as they left the church — guests would impede them with ropes of flowers, for example, or with sticks that had to be jumped over.

After that the bride is faced with the feast. The most impor­tant item is the wedding cake, whose richness symbolizes ferti­lity, just as it has done since Roman times. Today, the first slice is cut by the bride to ensure a fruitful marriage.

(from "Reader's Digest")

Exercise 17

Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give your reasons.

1. The husband should be more intelligent than the wife.

2. Spouses should be alike.

3. Money often keeps people together.

4. Marriage should be compulsory for everybody.

5. The best wife is a housewife.

6. The marriage contract is incompatible with romantic love.

► Use:

For agreement:

I couldn't agree more ...

That's just what I was thinking...

You know, that's exactly what

I think...

I agree entirely...

That's a good point ...

For disagreement:

Yes, that's quite true, but...

I'm not sure I quite agree ...

Perhaps, but don't you think

that ...

Well, you have a point there,

but...

I see what you mean, but,..

For more categorical and informal disagreement:

I can't agree with you there.

You can't be serious!

Come off it!

Don't be so silly!

Exercise 18

Bring pictures of your close or distant relatives. Show them to the class. Tell the class about a memorable event in the life of your relatives.

Exercise 19

Make up a list of positive and negative sides of family life. Compare your lists with those of your classmates. Comment on the results.

Positive	Negative

Exercise 20

I. Translate the text.

Я ищу себе жену. Какой она должна быть?

Я не требую от неё интересной внешности. Пусть у неё будет только стройная фигура и красивое лицо.

Она должна быть весёлой, когда я шучу. И шутить, когда я прихожу домой навеселе.

Меня не интересует её жилплощадь. Главное — чтобы она была большая.

Не интересует меня и её зарплата. Лишь бы она была больше моей.

А вот расходы на свадьбу — поровну; половину внесёт она, а другую — её родители.

Я уверен: когда мы поженимся, у нас появятся общие интересы. Если, например, она не захочет идти со мной на футбол, то мы останемся дома и будем смотреть по те­левизору хоккей.

Я буду заботиться о её здоровье. Чтобы к ней не попа­дало спиртное, табачное, мучное и сладкое, я буду всё это уничтожать сам.

Она будет у меня одеваться как богиня: просто и недо­рого.

Я возьму на себя часть её работы, если, конечно, она возьмёт на себя всю мою.

Мне не важно, как она будет готовить. Лишь бы это было вкусно. И необязательно, чтобы это была только русская кухня. Здесь у неё полная свобода: сегодня кухня грузинская, а завтра — венгерская утром и китайская ве­чером.

Я ищу себе жену.

Я готов отдать ей полжизни, если она отдаст мне свою целиком.

Если её не будут удовлетворять мои требования, пусть ищет себе нового мужа.

Вот уже много лет я ищу себе жену.

(из "Литературной Газеты")

II. Say what you think of this man looking for an ideal wife. Does he strike you as an ideal husband?

Exercise 21

Study the following marriage advertisements and write one of your own.

1. Red-haired green-eyed lovely lady 33, busy social life, lots of friends, is looking for a special man to love and marry with style, sense of fun and who is likely to enjoy the same.

2. Cheerful professional female, 30, seeks intelligent humor­ous, preferably tall male (similar age) for hopefully long-term relationship.

3. Tall, generously constructed attractive woman (36) gradu­ate professional keen on history, music, smoking seeks tall, attractive, cultured man for friendship, perhaps more.

4. Non-boring accountant (39), divorced with two (b + g)* children in house — seeks lady in similar circumstances. Object: to live life to the full.

* b + g—boy+girl.

5. Workaholic professional seeks good woman 25—40 to cure him. 5.5'11",* unattached, non-smoker, likes travel, lan­guages, music, theatre, sailing, flying. Photograph appre­ciated.

* 5.5'11''' — five and a half feet, eleven inches.

6. Professional male, 24, tall, cheerful, presentable, solvent seeks female for caring and lasting relationship.

Exercise 22

Make up dialogues discussing the following problems:

1. Teenage marriage.

2. Leadership in the family.

3. Marriage contracts and romantic love.

4. Divorce and one-parent families.

5. A white wedding or no wedding?

You can start your dialogues with the following expressions:

Would you agree that...

Do you think it's right to say that...

Ask your classmates to explain their point of view more precisely by saying:

I didn't quite follow what you were saying about ...

I don't quite see what you are getting at, I am afraid.

If you need to rephrase your own statement, say:

Let me put it another way.

Sorry, let me explain.

That's not quite what I meant.

Exercise 23

Look at the excerpts from some letters to friends and imagine how they can be finished.

Exercise 24

Match the English idioms in the left column with their Russian equivalents in the right column. Use them in a proper context.

1. a maiden name А. маменькин сынок

2. extremes meet В. быть под каблуком

3. a mother's boy С. с глаз долой, из сердца вон

4. to be out of hand D. строить глазки

5. to be under smb.'s thumb Е. блудный сын

6. out of sight, out of mind F. плоть и кровь

7. to make eyes at smb. G. жить как кошка с собакой

8. the prodigal son Н. отбиться от рук

9. one's own flesh and blood I. девичья фамилия

10. to lead a cat and a dog life J. противоположности сходятся

Exercise 25

Explain the meanings of the proverbs given below. Make up five-sentence stories of your own to highlight their meanings.

1. Marriages arc made in heaven.

2. Faint heart never won a fair maiden.

3. Birds of a feather flock together.

5. Every family has a skeleton in the cupboard.

6. Spare the rod and spoil the child.

7. When children stand still they have done some ill.

8. Like father like son.

9. A good husband makes a good wife.

10. He that would the daughter win, must with the mother first begin.

11. A tree is known by its fruit.

Exercise 26

Translate the following quotations and comment upon them.

'Though women are angels, yet wedlock is the devil.'

George Gordon Byron

'The dread of loneliness is greater than the fear of bondage, so we get married.'

Cyril Connolty

'Every woman should many — and no man.'

Benjamin Disraeli

'Keep your eyes wide open before marriage, half shut after.'

Benjamin Franklin

'A man should be taller, older, heavier, uglier, and hoarser than his wife.'

Edgar Watson Howe

'Marrying a man is like buying something you've been admir­ing for a long time in a shop window. You may love it when you get it home, but it does not always go with everything else in the house.'

Jean Kerr

'An ideal wife is any woman who has an ideal husband.'

Booth Tarkington

Exercise 27

Role-Play "Handing in Marriage Advertisements".

Setting: The office of the "Lonely Hearts Column" of a popular magazine.

Situation: Diferent people come to the office and leave their advertisements. The journalists give advice on how to write an advertisement for the acquaintance service.

Characters:

Card I — Amanda, a 16 year-old girl who wants to get acquainted with a "blue-eyed prince" or a pop star.

Card II — Miranda, the girl's older female friend who tries to talk her out of writing the advertise­ment.

Card III — Belinda, a middle-aged woman who is a frequenter of the "Lonely Hearts Column" because her expectations of the financial position of her prospective fiance are too high.

Card IV — Donald, a very shy young man.

Card V — Ronald, an old bachelor.

Card VI — Archibald, a divorcee with 3 children.

Card VII—VIII — Millard and Lynda, a couple who are hap­pily married thanks to the "Lonely Hearts Column" and who came to thank the jour­nalist for his/her help and to share the news that they are expecting a baby.

Card IX—X — Harold and Brenda, a young man and a young woman who fall in love at first sight and decide to get married. They wish to publish the announcement of their wed­ding instead of the advertisements which they have brought to the magazine.

Card XI—XII — the journalist who give advice on writing marriage advertisements.*

* Cards with roles are handed out to the students. The students are supposed to think of the details of the dialogues in the role-play they are going to enact.

WRITING

Exercise 1

Prepare to write a dictation. Learn the spelling of the italicized words from Introductory Reading and the words from exercise 1 on page 15.

Exercise 2

Prepare a written translation of the following text:

По мнению многих сегодняшних мужчин, идеальная жена должна обладать следующими качествами: хозяйст­венностью, верностью, внешней привлекательностью, добротой, снисходительностью, опрятностью. А как дол­жен вести себя обходительный муж? Вот некоторые из со­временных правил этикета.

1. Муж должен подавать пальто жене, причем как дома, так и в общественном месте.

2. Муж не должен читать во время еды за общим сто­лом.

3. Вопреки взглядам, что обычай целовать женщине ру­ку устарел, жене в порядке исключения можно и да­же нужно целовать руку.

4. На дружеской вечеринке первый танец принадлежит жене. Отступить от этого правила можно лишь в исключительных случаях.

5. Муж должен всегда обращать внимание на новое платье жены, говорить ей по этому поводу что-ни­будь приятное и вообще не скупиться на компли­менты.

6. Муж должен делать жене подарки даже без особого повода, преподносить ей время от времени цветы.

7. Муж не должен заглядываться на других женщин в присутствии жены.

8. Муж не должен ходить по квартире неопрятно оде­тым.

9. Муж должен благодарить жену за вкусный обед.

10. Муж должен иногда спрашивать жену, что она сделала в его отсутствие, в общем, разговаривать с женой не только о делах. Но, как сказал один старик, если жена не разговаривает с вами весь выходной, значит, ей есть что сказать.

(из "Литературной Газеты ")

Exercise 3

Write a composition on one of the following topics. Discuss your composi­tions in class.

1. Families with Many Children Versus Families with One Child.

2. The Effect of Divorce on Children.

3. Grandparents. A Blessing or a Burden?

4. How to Bridge the Generation Gap.

5. The Ideal Family of the Future.

Note:

In England the practice of setting out written work varies considerably, but college and university students are expected to present their written works neatly and in accordance with certain basic standards.

Students draw a margin on the left-hand side of each page, about three centimetres wide usually in pencil. The margin is left free for the teacher's marking.

The date is usually written in the top right-hand comer, and often underlined. If the day of the week is included, it is always put at the beginning (e.g. 1 September, 1999 or: Monday, 1st. September).

The title of the composition is usually written in the middle of the page, often on the line below the date. Sometimes it is put on the left, against the margin. The first word of a heading and all the following words except articles and prepositions should be written with a capital letter.

Each paragraph should be indented, which means that it should begin a little way in from the margin.

Present your composition in the following form.

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