The united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland1 is situated on2 the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland.
The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres, it takes the 75th place among other countries in the world. The population is more than 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban3. The capital of the country is London. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel which is 34 km wide in its narrowest point. The country is also washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.
The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western parts of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain4 which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn, the Thames, the Trent. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers5 and exporters6 of iron and steel products, machinery7 and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft8 and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. 7 per cent of the population is engaged in farming.
Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive.
The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers9: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It sits in the House of Parliament in Westminster.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Labour party with Antony Blair at the head is the ruling party nowadays. There's no written constitution in Great Britain only precedents and traditions.
Notes
1. the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
2. to be situated on - быть расположенным на
3. urban – городской
4. a plain – равнина
5. to produce smth. - производить что-либо
6. to export smth. - экспортировать что-либо
7. machinery - машинное оборудование
8. aircraft - самолеты
9. chamber - палата
1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is the official name of Great Britain?
2. Where is the U. K. situated?
3. What parts does it consist of?
4. What is the population of the United Kingdom?
5. What city is the capital of the U. K.?
6. What is the surface of the country?
7. Are there any big rivers and lakes?
8. Why is the climate of the British Isles milder than that of the Continent?
9. What goods does the British industry produce?
10. What industrial cities are there in Great Britain?
11. What outstanding people of Great Britain do you know?
12. Are there any big educational establishments in Great Britain?
13. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy, isn't it?
14. What is the name of the Queen of Great Britain?
15. Is her power limited by Parliament?
16. How many chambers does the British Parliament consist of?
What are they?
17. What are the main political parties in Great Britain?
18. Who is the Prime Minister of Great Britain?
19. Which political party does he represent?