Усилительные и возвратные местоимения
В английском языке усилительные и возвратные местоимения совпадают по форме. Они образуются посредством прибавления суффикса -self (во множественном числе -selves).
единственное число множественное число
myself (я) сам ourselves (мы) сами
yourself (вы) сами yourselves (вы) сами
himself (он) сам themselves (они) сами
herself (она)сама
itself (оно) само
Признаком возвратного глагола в инфинитиве является слово oneself, где one – неопределенно-личное местоимение: to acquaint oneself познакомиться, ознакомиться.
We acquainted ourselves with the work of the new equipment at the surgical department of this hospital. Мы ознакомились с работой нового оборудования в хирургическом отделении этой больницы.
Выполните упражнения:
упр. 1. Переведите притяжательные местоимения, данные в скобках, на английский язык.
1) (Его) house is mall.
2) (Наша) room is large.
3) (Ваша) sister is in the cinema now.
4) (Её) brother has many interesting books.
5) (Моя) mother is a doctor.
6) (Их) group is the best at the University.
упр. 2. Заполните пропуски нужной формой личных и притяжательных местоимений.
1) I have a sister. … sister is a student. (my, her) … has many friends. (I, she) … friends come to … place. (her, his, our, their)
2) … brother has many friends too. (my, his) … friends often come to … house. (my, his, their, our)
3) … house is big. (my, our) … rooms are large. (his, its)
4) “Tell … about … mother and father,” said … teacher. (him, us; your, our; his, our)
упр. 3. Закончите предложения, используя him/ her/ them.
1) I don’t know those girls. Do you know ________________?
2) I don’t know that man? Do you know ________________?
3) I don’t know those people? Do you know ________________?
4) I don’t know David’s wife? Do you know ________________?
5) I don’t know Mr. Stevens. Do you know ________________?
6) I don’t know Sarah’s parents. Do you know ________________?
7) I don’t know the woman with the black coat. Do you know ________________?
упр. 4. Закончите предложения, используя личные местоимения.
1) Who is that woman? Why are you looking at _____?
2) “Do you know that man?” “Yes, I work with _____.”
3) Where are the tickets? I can’t find _____.
4) I can’t find my keys. Where are _____?
5) We’re going out. You can come with _____.
6) Margaret likes music. _____ plays the piano.
7) I don’t like dogs. I’m afraid of _____.
8) I’m talking to you. Please listen to _____.
9) Where is Ann? I want to talk to _____.
10) My brother has a new job. _____ doesn’t like _____ very much.
упр. 5. Закончите предложения, используя притяжательные.
1) Do you like _____ job?
2) I know Mr. Watson but I don’t know _____ wife.
3) Mr. and Mrs. Baker live in London. _____ son lives in Australia.
4) We’re going to have a party. We’re going to invite all _____ friends.
5) Ann is going out with _____ friends this evening.
6) I like tennis. It’s _____ favourite sport.
7) “Is that ____ car?” “No, I haven’t got a car.”
8) I want to phone Ann. Do you know _____ phone number?
9) Do you think most people are happy in _____ jobs?
10) I’m going to wash _____ hair before I go out.
11) This is a beautiful tree. _____ leaves are a beautiful colour.
12) John has a brother and a sister. _____ brother is 25 and _____ sister is 21.
упр. 6. Выберите правильную форму личного местоимения.
1) It’s their/ theirs problem, not our/ ours.
2) This is a nice camera. Is it your/ yours?
3) That’s not my/ mine umbrella. My/ mine is black.
4) Whose books are these? Your/ yours or my/ mine?
5) Catherine is going out with her/ hers friends this evening.
6) My/ mine room is bigger than her/ hers.
7) They’ve got two children but I don’t know their/ theirs names.
8) Can we use your washing machine? Our/ ours is broken.
III. Информативное чтение.
Текст “Medicine in Ancient Civilization” стр. 13 (учебник)
Занятие 2.
I. Topics
Задание 1. Прочтите и запишите новые слова:
health care provider – врач
promoting – содействие
maintaining – поддержание
restoring – восстановление
impairment – нарушение
craft – ремесло, искусство Syn: skill, art
ethics – мораль, нравственность, этика
code of ethics – моральный кодекс
professional ethics – профессиональная этика
decent – достойный
consideration – уважение, внимание
compassion – сострадание
be′nevolence – доброжелательность
thoroughly – тщательно
to administer appropriate treatment – назначить соответствующее лечение
to make a correct diagnose – поставить правильный диагноз
to handle emergencies – оказывать экстренную помощь больному
real challenge — настоящий вызов, истинное испытание
cope – справиться
Задание 2. Прочтите и переведите текст
My future profession
I shall enter any house for the good of the patient.
I shall not do my patients any harm.
Hippocrates
There are many professions on earth, but the profession of a doctor is the most ancient among them. Many centuries ago people tried to treat each other. Medical students should know two symbols of medicine: the first is the snake giving its poison into the cup. It means wisdom and healing – the aims of medicine. The second symbol is a burning candle which reflects the inner essence of this profession. “Aliis inserviendo consumor” – “Giving light to others I burn myself”.
A physicianis a health care provider who deals with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments. They may focus their practice on certain disease - known as specialist medical practitioners - or give medical care to individuals or families - known as general practitioners. Medical practice requires both a deep knowledge of the academic disciplines (such as anatomy and physiology), underlying diseases and their treatment — the science of medicine — and also a decent competence in its applied practice — the art or craft of medicine. The ethics of medicine require that physician show consideration, compassion and benevolence for his patients.
A doctor should know that a great profession comes with great responsibilities. He cures diseases by giving medicine and other kinds of treatment. He must examine his patient thoroughly, send him for analyses or X-ray, and only then he can make a correct diagnose and administer appropriate treatment. He may give advice about diet, exercise, and how to get well and keep fit. He has to know how to talk to sick people, to make decisions and handle emergencies. The doctors should always be prepared to take frequent refresher courses throughout the career because a good doctor must be up to date.
The life-path of a doctor is a real challenge to his abilities and personality. So if you are strong enough, you’ll be able to cope with all the difficulties and will be on guard of a great treasure – human health.
Задание 3. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами, данными ниже:
1) A physicianis a … who deals with promoting, … or restoring human health.
2) He must examine his patient … .
3) A good doctor must have deep knowledge in academic disciplines and a … competence in applied practice.
4) The doctor can make a correct diagnose and … .
5) A general practitioner deals with treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental … .
6) He has to know how to talk to sick people, to make decisions and … .
_________________________________________________________
handle emergencies, administer appropriate treatment, maintaining, thoroughly, decent, a health care provider
Задание 4. Подберите дефиницию для слов из левой колонки:
| consideration a physician to maintain competence decent compassion | -when you think about smth carefully -a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering of others and wish to help them -socially acceptable or good -to continue to have; to keep in existence -the ability to do smth well -a medical doctor, especially one who has general skill and is not a surgeon |
Задание 5. Ответьте на вопросы:
1) Who is a physician?
2) What may they focus their practice on?
3) Is there any difference between general practitioner and specialist medical practitioner?
4) What does medical practice require?
5) What must a good doctor show for his patients?
6) How does a doctor see his patient? What does he usually do?
7) What advice may a doctor give to his patient?
8) Why must a good doctor be ready to take refresher course?
II. Grammar
Имя существительное (the noun)
Имя существительное – часть речи, обозначающая лицо или предмет и отвечающая на вопрос кто? или что?: a skeleton, physiology, a patient.
Существительные делятся на:
собственные: London, Mary, America;
нарицательные: a dog, a patient;
абстрактные: history, love, friendship;
вещественные: bread, water, matter;
собирательные: family, team, crowd.
Существительные образуют множественное число путем прибавления к форме единственного числа окончания -(e)s:
trunk – trunks, boy – boys, hero – heroes, process – processes.
Обратите внимание на особые случаи образования множественного числа:
1. путем изменения корневой гласной:
man – men foot – feet
woman – women tooth – teeth
child – children mouse – mice
2. в именах существительных, заимствованных из греческого и латинского языков:
analysis – analyses bacterium – bacteria
thesis – theses nucleus – nuclei
datum – data stimulus – stimuli
3. в составных именах существительных, которые пишутся через дефис, форму множественного числа обычно принимает основное в смысловом отношении слово:
gall-bladder – gall-bladders
shoulder-blade – shoulder-blades
passer-by – passers-by
Выполните упражнения:
упр. 1. Поставьте следующие существительные в множественное число (обратите внимание на артикли: неопределенный артикль во множественном числе опускается, определенный артикль сохраняется).
A star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a tomato.
Имя прилагательное (the adjective)
Степени сравнения(degrees of comparison)
Имя прилагательное – часть речи, обозначающая признак предмета, его качество или свойство: a sick boy, small arteries.
Имена прилагательные имеют положительную, сравнительную и превосходную степени. Они образуются следующим образом:
1. у односложных и некоторых двусложных прилагательных с помощью суффикса -er для сравнительной степени и -est для превосходной степени;
2. у многосложных прилагательных добавлением слова more (более) или less (менее) в сравнительной степени и most (наиболее) или least (наименее) в превосходной степени.
Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
степень степень степень
large larger the largest
easy easier the easiest
interesting more (less) interesting the most (least) interesting
important more (less) important the most (least) important
Некоторые прилагательные и наречия образуют степени сравнения от разных основ.
Положительная Сравнительная Превосходная
степень степень степень
good, well better the best
bad, badly worse the worst
many, much more the most
little less the least
Для сравнения двух предметов одинакового качества прилагательное в положительной степени ставится между парными союзами as … as (такой же … как, так же … как).
Anatomy is as interesting as physiology.
В отрицательных предложениях первое as обычно заменяется на so.
The walls of capillaries are not so sick as the walls of larger arteries and veins.
Выполните упражнения:
упр. 1. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень.
tall, long, old, small, warm, cold, big, heavy, easy, large, pretty, long, cheap
упр. 2. Translate into English.
1) Мой брат старше меня.
2) Эта коробка тяжелее, чем та.
3) В ноябре холоднее, чем в сентябре.
4) Эллис выше ростом, чем Энн?
5) Первый вопрос легче, чем второй?
6) Это самое большое платье в магазине.
7) Его портфель самый тяжелый.
8) Февраль – саамы короткий месяц в году.
упр. 3. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjectives in the following sentences.
1) My book is expensive, your book is _______, but her book is _______.
2) The first question is difficult, the second one is _______, but the third question is _______ of them all.
3) Jane is beautiful, Helen is _______, but Susan is _______ girl I have ever seen.
4) This story is interesting, that one is _______, but the story from your book is _______ story I have ever read.
5) Tom is intelligent, Bill is _______, but Harry is _______ student in our class.
6) Your task is important, her task is _______, but my task is _______ task.
*упр. 4. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjectives
cold, young, old (2), difficult, good, far (2), bad, beautiful, weak, little, easy, near (2), strong, late (2), interesting, pretty, great, quick, important, warm, happy, early, deep, large, hot, long, simple, thin, much, wide, small, many
упр.5. Study the following sentences.
1) Tom is older than Richard.
2) Fred is not so old as Tom. (Fred is not as old as Tom.)
3) Nick is as old as Fred.
4) Nom is the oldest of the four.
Put in ‘as…as’ (‘so…as’), ‘than’, ‘of’.
1) Margaret is older _____ Elizabeth.
2) Catherine is not _____ old _____ Margaret.
3) Margaret is the oldest _____ the three.
4) This book is better _____ that.
5) This book is not _____ good _____ that.
6) This book is the best _____ the three.
7) That exercise is more difficult _____ this one.
8) Ruth is _____ pretty _____ Kate.
9) Ruth’s hair is _____ long and fair _____ Kate.
10) This stick is not _____ long _____ this one.
11) This is the best _____ the three knives.
12) He has more money _____ I have.
13) A man is _____ old _____ he feels.
14) The weather is worse today _____ it was yesterday.
15) It was not _____ bad yesterday _____ it is today.
16) Today’s weather is the worst _____ the week.
III. Reading
1. Text “The Hippocratic Oath” p. 23
2. Прочтите текст, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:
to belong – принадлежать
affectionate –нежный, понимающий, ласковый
unselfish – бескорыстный
daily – ежедневный, ежедневно
feature – черта, свойство
To become a good doctor medical students must study well at the University. Deep knowledge will be necessary to them in the future work. But professional knowledge is not enough to become a doctor. “Only a good person may become a good doctor” – these words belong to the doctor of philosophy V.Begansky. A doctor is a person who can do more than just diagnose a disease, but who can absorb the pain of his patients and find an affectionate word for everyone. He must be honest, unselfish, industrious, attentive to other people. The daily contacts of a doctor with patients who wait for his help, require some special abilities and personal features. Love for man and optimism are among the most important of them.
IV.Задание 1. Познакомившись с содержанием текстов занятия,ответьте на вопросы:
1. How can you describe a good doctor?
2. What is he responsible for?
Задание 2. Согласитесь или опровергните следующие высказывания.
1. Once you start studying medicine you never get through with it. Charles H. Mayo
2. The aim of medicine is to prevent disease and prolong life; the ideal of medicine is to eliminate the need of a physician. William J. Mayo
3. The trouble with doctors is not that they don’t know enough, but that they don’t see enough. Sir Dominic J. Corrigan, 1853
4. Civilization and intellectual growth depend largely on preventive medicine. William J. Mayo
Use the following phrases:
It is a well known fact that … Хорошо известно, что …
It is well understood that … Понятно, что …
No doubt … Несомненно …
Besides … In addition to… Кроме того …
Firstly… (secondly, thirdly) … Во-первых (во-вторых, в-третьих)
Fortunately (Unfortunately) … К счастью … (к сожалению) …
What is more … Более того …
And at last … И наконец …
To sum it up … Подводя итог …
As for me … Что касается меня …
If you want my opinion … Если вы хотите знать мое мнение …
It seems to me … Мне кажется …
I’m sure … Я уверен …
I can’t but mention … Не могу не упомянуть …
As I have already mentioned … Как я уже упомянул …
As I have already told … Как я уже сказал …
As far as I understood from the text … Насколько я понял из текста
I’d like to add … Мне бы хотелось добавить …
In conclusion I would say … В заключении я бы сказал …
Занятие 3.
I. Topics
Volgograd State Medical University.
Задание 1. Произнесите за диктором новые слова. Запомните их.
to grant – выдать, присвоить
establishment – учреждение
post-diploma probation – последипломное образование
refresher training – повышение квалификации
framework – структура
to comprise – включать, заключать
rheumatology – ревматология
internship – интернатура (1 год последипломного
образования – в Великобритании и США)
clinical residency – клиническая ординатура (практика в качестве ассистента врача)
postgraduate course – аспирантура
at the disposal – в распоряжении
to recognize – признавать
staff – персонал
faculty – (Амер.) - преподавательский состав учебного заведения
assistant professor – доцент
to implement – проводить, претворять в жизнь.
Задание 2. Образуйте от следующих существительных:
а) существительное, обозначающее специалиста в данной сфере;
б) прилагательное.
Science, therapy, dentistry, stomatology, pharmacy, pediatrics, biology, psychology, research, rheumatology, pharmacology, acupuncture.
Задание 3. Прочтите и переведите текст