Read the letter, write out expressions in bold and translate into Russian.

Education

Topical Vocabulary 1

1. to take an exam – сдавать экзамен

to pass an exam – сдать экзамен (успешно)

to sail/fly through an exam – сдать экзамен легко, без усилий

to fail an exam – провалить экзамен

Compare: Twenty students took the exam but only twelve passed - the others failed.

to study/revise for (an exam, class, a lesson) – готовиться к экзамену, уроку

to cram for an exam/test/class – зубрить (усердно готовиться)

a test – тест (контрольная работа), письменный экзамен, зачет

an exam – экзамен (in an exam) I knew I did well in the exam even before I got the official results.

аn examiner – экзаменатор

1. primary school – начальная школа (-ые классы)

secondary school – средняя школа (-ие классы)

high school – старшие классы

1. a classmate – одноклассник
2. a pupil – ученик
3. a student – ученик, студент

1. a lesson (at the lesson) – урок
2. a class (in class) – урок, занятие

1. a subject – предмет e.g. How many subjects are you taking this year?
2. Academic subjects –академические предметы
3. Vocational classes/training –практические занятия, профессиональное обучение

1. (high/low) academic achievement – успеваемость (to achieve smth)

1. a task – задание, работа e.g. Thetask was completed in 2000.

1. effort – усилие, работа e.g. To succeed, you need to put in a lot of effort.

1. to encourage smth/ smb to do smth – поощрять, подбадривать, способствовать (психологически) e.g. No-one in our school encourages cheating. My parents have always encouraged me to study hard. Studying in a group encourages competition.

- to discourage smb from doing smth – отбивать желание e.g. Lax discipline discourages students from doing their best.

1. toknow(state)– знать e.g. Do you know the news?
2. to learn/ find out (action) – узнать e.g. When did you learn it?
3. tolearn – выучить e.g. Learn it by heart.
4. tostudy – изучать, учиться e.g. How long have you been studying English?
5. to teach –учить (кого-то) обучатьe.g.She’s been teaching for twenty years and she still likes it!
6. to learn– учить (самому), учиться e.g. I’ve been learning it for an hour and can’t remember a word!

Translation 1

1. Мы познакомились, когда сдавали вступительные (entrance) экзамены.

2. Двое сдали экзамен, остальные провалили.

3. Ты очень занят? – Да. Я готовлюсь к выпускным экзаменам. Я зубрю уже две недели!

4. Сколько у тебя новых академических предметовв этом году? А у вас есть профессиональная подготовка?

5. Он никогда не преуспеет (to make progress), так как не прилагает усилий.

6. О, это хорошие новости! Когда ты о них узнал? А что еще ты знаешь?

7. Ты давно изучаешь английский? А ты бегло говоришь на нем?

8. Выучи слова наизусть, завтра контрольная работа.

9. Я уверен, что хорошо сдал экзамен, хотя еще не получил официальных результатов.

10. Низкая успеваемость – это проблема многих школ, особенно в старших классах.

11. Я боялся, что провалю экзамен, но посредине теста меня осенило (it dawned on me).

12. Он легко сдал экзамен, хотя совершенно не готовился и не приложил никаких усилий!

13. Не вижу никакого смысла в том,чтобы готовиться к экзамену (there is no point in doing smth). Все равно я его завалю.

14. Экзаменаторзадал мне так много вопросов, что я растерялся. Я никогда еще не чувствовал себя так глупо на экзамене.

15. Строгая дисциплина способствует хорошей успеваемости, тогда как (whereas) отсутствие требований (laxity) отбивает желание учиться и мотивацию.

Education

Topical Vocabulary 2

1. academic achievement –академическая успеваемость

1. tobe good at smth – иметь к чему-то способности, делать что-то хорошо. E.g. I’ve always been good at languages. (ant. bad/hopeless at smth)

1. toburn the midnight oil– заниматься допоздна, ночи напролет

1. to be up-to-date with one’s schoolwork – не отставать, быть на уровне e.g. I usually enjoy school especially if I’m up-to-date with it.

1. (a) class – занятие, группа, класс. E.g. He came top of the class. See me after class. I was late for (a) class. I’ve been taking classes in pottery.

1. Compulsory education – обязательное образование

Compulsory subjects (core subjects) – обязательные предметы (основные)

Optional subjects –дисциплины по выбору

Extra-curricular activities – дополнительные занятия (кружки)

1. tocram (up for smth) – зубрить. E.g. He’s been cramming for his exams all week.

1. curriculum – программа обучения; National Curriculum – государственная программа обучения. E.g. Spanish is on the curriculum (extra-curriculum activities)

1. tocut class (syn. skip class) – прогуливать. E.g. She isalwayscutting class!

1. Diligent – добросовестный E.g. A diligent student will never let anything interfere with his schoolwork

1. todo well (at school, college/in an exam) – хорошо учиться (syn. to get on well)

1. to do well in an exam - хорошо сдать экзамен;

1. educational – образовательный, обучающий. E.g. An educational visit/ programme/ game. Watching TV can be very educational/ can have educational value

1. exam: take/do/sit an exam – сдавать экзамен

- fail an exam (in smth) – провалить экзамен ant. pass -сдать успешно, выдержать экзамен

- to fly (sail) through an exam – сдать легко, без проблем

- to pass with flying colours – сдать экзамен с блестящим результатом

- to scrape through an exam – сдать с трудом, на низкий балл

1. to examine smb (in/on smth) – принимать экзамен (usually passive) E.g. The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of the term. You are only being examined on this semester’s work.

examiner – экзаменатор

examination question, card, paper – экз. вопрос, билет, работа

1. to fall behind with smb/smth – отставать E.g. He’s fallen behind with his schoolwork/with his group again. I’m well behind. I feel I’m falling behind with maths.

1. get a grade/mark – получить оценку

give a mark/grade – поставить оценку

1. grade –оценка (Br.), syn.mark (Am.)

18. ascore– балл E.g. I passed the State Exam by the skin of my teeth – my score was 53 out of 100.

toscore– получить, заработать балл E.g. I passed with flying colours – still can’t believe I scored so high! I scored 60 in/on the test.

1. to have/know smth down pat – знать назубок E.g. I had all the questions down pat.

1. holidays (syn. vacation) – каникулы E.g. I switched off and recharged my batteries during the school holidays.

1. to learn smth off-pat –выучить назубок

1. to learn smth parrot-fashion – выучить наизусть, часто не понимая смысла (repeat parrot-fashion). E.g. I didn’t give it much thought – just learnt it off-pat(parrot-fashion).

1. to major in smth– специализироваться в чем-то E.g. She majors in medicine.

1. major(noun) – специализация E.g. She is thinking of changing her major.

25. anoral(exam) – устный экзамен E.g. He passed his French oral.

26. to study/revise/cram for an exam, test, class – готовиться к экзамену E.g. In the last few weeks I’ve been studying hard for the finals.

27. atruant– прогульщик truancy – прогулы E.g. Truancy rates at school are very high. to play truant(old-fashioned) – прогуливать Stop playing truant!

28. tuition fees – плата за обучение E.g. Many students take out student loans to pay the tuition fees. Students’ grantscover their tuition fees. He’s already paid a year’s tuition.

29. a tutor –частный преподаватель, работающий с одним или маленькой группой студентов; Br. Преподаватель в университете, отвечающий за одного или группу студентов. E.g. He was my personal tutor at university. A history/ German tutor

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Letter-writing

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Read the composition and say whether you agree with its author. What arguments for and against the statement do you have? The introduction and conclusion here are missing and the author fails to explain why he cannot agree with his opponents. Complete the essay.

A great deal has changed since our parents were at school. Firstly, teachers who have a great effect on standards are better trained now than in the past. Secondly, schools have more money and better facilities these days. As a result, the standards of education have risen. Next, teachers have become more understanding and ready to help students today. They are less strict, which means that students can enjoy studying more and thus, learn more without cramming.

However, there are people who argue that lax discipline discourages students from studying hard and therefore the standards of education are falling. Besides, they believe that students nowadays do not put much effort in their work as they can find all the information on the Internet. (167 words)

1. A warm homely atmosphere at school is much more vital than the knowledge you get there. No cramming will do you so much good as love and care.

1. Some people say that cramming is good for nothing, and students should speak and express their opinions rather than memorize a lot of information. Others argue that opinions should be based on facts you’ve previously learned. What do you think?

1. Some people say computers will eventually replace teachers, and students will study from home using the Internet and educational programmes. Others believe that a teacher is much more than a source of information, and no machine can substitute them. What do you think?

Many people believe that uniforms are better than casual clothes for children at school because they remind the children that they have to follow rules. Casual clothes ______________________ (not do) this. With all the children at school ______________________ (wear) the same clothes, children from richer families dress the same way as kids from less well-off families. A uniform also __________________________ (create) a feeling that everyone at the same school is part of the same community.

In the 1960s and 1970s, many schools in Britain __________________________ (stop) having a school uniform because of the expense for parents. Since then, however, a number of these schools _________________________ (bring) uniforms back. Their new uniforms are more __________________________ (comfort) and ______________________ (fashion) than uniforms _________________________ (be) forty years ago.

They are so popular that many of the head teachers at schools without uniforms ____________________________ (think) of _________________________ (bring) uniforms back there too.

Education

Topical Vocabulary 1

1. to take an exam – сдавать экзамен

to pass an exam – сдать экзамен (успешно)

to sail/fly through an exam – сдать экзамен легко, без усилий

to fail an exam – провалить экзамен

Compare: Twenty students took the exam but only twelve passed - the others failed.

to study/revise for (an exam, class, a lesson) – готовиться к экзамену, уроку

to cram for an exam/test/class – зубрить (усердно готовиться)

a test – тест (контрольная работа), письменный экзамен, зачет

an exam – экзамен (in an exam) I knew I did well in the exam even before I got the official results.

аn examiner – экзаменатор

1. primary school – начальная школа (-ые классы)

secondary school – средняя школа (-ие классы)

high school – старшие классы

1. a classmate – одноклассник
2. a pupil – ученик
3. a student – ученик, студент

1. a lesson (at the lesson) – урок
2. a class (in class) – урок, занятие

1. a subject – предмет e.g. How many subjects are you taking this year?
2. Academic subjects –академические предметы
3. Vocational classes/training –практические занятия, профессиональное обучение

1. (high/low) academic achievement – успеваемость (to achieve smth)

1. a task – задание, работа e.g. Thetask was completed in 2000.

1. effort – усилие, работа e.g. To succeed, you need to put in a lot of effort.

1. to encourage smth/ smb to do smth – поощрять, подбадривать, способствовать (психологически) e.g. No-one in our school encourages cheating. My parents have always encouraged me to study hard. Studying in a group encourages competition.

- to discourage smb from doing smth – отбивать желание e.g. Lax discipline discourages students from doing their best.

1. toknow(state)– знать e.g. Do you know the news?
2. to learn/ find out (action) – узнать e.g. When did you learn it?
3. tolearn – выучить e.g. Learn it by heart.
4. tostudy – изучать, учиться e.g. How long have you been studying English?
5. to teach –учить (кого-то) обучатьe.g.She’s been teaching for twenty years and she still likes it!
6. to learn– учить (самому), учиться e.g. I’ve been learning it for an hour and can’t remember a word!

Translation 1

1. Мы познакомились, когда сдавали вступительные (entrance) экзамены.

2. Двое сдали экзамен, остальные провалили.

3. Ты очень занят? – Да. Я готовлюсь к выпускным экзаменам. Я зубрю уже две недели!

4. Сколько у тебя новых академических предметовв этом году? А у вас есть профессиональная подготовка?

5. Он никогда не преуспеет (to make progress), так как не прилагает усилий.

6. О, это хорошие новости! Когда ты о них узнал? А что еще ты знаешь?

7. Ты давно изучаешь английский? А ты бегло говоришь на нем?

8. Выучи слова наизусть, завтра контрольная работа.

9. Я уверен, что хорошо сдал экзамен, хотя еще не получил официальных результатов.

10. Низкая успеваемость – это проблема многих школ, особенно в старших классах.

11. Я боялся, что провалю экзамен, но посредине теста меня осенило (it dawned on me).

12. Он легко сдал экзамен, хотя совершенно не готовился и не приложил никаких усилий!

13. Не вижу никакого смысла в том,чтобы готовиться к экзамену (there is no point in doing smth). Все равно я его завалю.

14. Экзаменаторзадал мне так много вопросов, что я растерялся. Я никогда еще не чувствовал себя так глупо на экзамене.

15. Строгая дисциплина способствует хорошей успеваемости, тогда как (whereas) отсутствие требований (laxity) отбивает желание учиться и мотивацию.

Education

Topical Vocabulary 2

1. academic achievement –академическая успеваемость

1. tobe good at smth – иметь к чему-то способности, делать что-то хорошо. E.g. I’ve always been good at languages. (ant. bad/hopeless at smth)

1. toburn the midnight oil– заниматься допоздна, ночи напролет

1. to be up-to-date with one’s schoolwork – не отставать, быть на уровне e.g. I usually enjoy school especially if I’m up-to-date with it.

1. (a) class – занятие, группа, класс. E.g. He came top of the class. See me after class. I was late for (a) class. I’ve been taking classes in pottery.

1. Compulsory education – обязательное образование

Compulsory subjects (core subjects) – обязательные предметы (основные)

Optional subjects –дисциплины по выбору

Extra-curricular activities – дополнительные занятия (кружки)

1. tocram (up for smth) – зубрить. E.g. He’s been cramming for his exams all week.

1. curriculum – программа обучения; National Curriculum – государственная программа обучения. E.g. Spanish is on the curriculum (extra-curriculum activities)

1. tocut class (syn. skip class) – прогуливать. E.g. She isalwayscutting class!

1. Diligent – добросовестный E.g. A diligent student will never let anything interfere with his schoolwork

1. todo well (at school, college/in an exam) – хорошо учиться (syn. to get on well)

1. to do well in an exam - хорошо сдать экзамен;

1. educational – образовательный, обучающий. E.g. An educational visit/ programme/ game. Watching TV can be very educational/ can have educational value

1. exam: take/do/sit an exam – сдавать экзамен

- fail an exam (in smth) – провалить экзамен ant. pass -сдать успешно, выдержать экзамен

- to fly (sail) through an exam – сдать легко, без проблем

- to pass with flying colours – сдать экзамен с блестящим результатом

- to scrape through an exam – сдать с трудом, на низкий балл

1. to examine smb (in/on smth) – принимать экзамен (usually passive) E.g. The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of the term. You are only being examined on this semester’s work.

examiner – экзаменатор

examination question, card, paper – экз. вопрос, билет, работа

1. to fall behind with smb/smth – отставать E.g. He’s fallen behind with his schoolwork/with his group again. I’m well behind. I feel I’m falling behind with maths.

1. get a grade/mark – получить оценку

give a mark/grade – поставить оценку

1. grade –оценка (Br.), syn.mark (Am.)

18. ascore– балл E.g. I passed the State Exam by the skin of my teeth – my score was 53 out of 100.

toscore– получить, заработать балл E.g. I passed with flying colours – still can’t believe I scored so high! I scored 60 in/on the test.

1. to have/know smth down pat – знать назубок E.g. I had all the questions down pat.

1. holidays (syn. vacation) – каникулы E.g. I switched off and recharged my batteries during the school holidays.

1. to learn smth off-pat –выучить назубок

1. to learn smth parrot-fashion – выучить наизусть, часто не понимая смысла (repeat parrot-fashion). E.g. I didn’t give it much thought – just learnt it off-pat(parrot-fashion).

1. to major in smth– специализироваться в чем-то E.g. She majors in medicine.

1. major(noun) – специализация E.g. She is thinking of changing her major.

25. anoral(exam) – устный экзамен E.g. He passed his French oral.

26. to study/revise/cram for an exam, test, class – готовиться к экзамену E.g. In the last few weeks I’ve been studying hard for the finals.

27. atruant– прогульщик truancy – прогулы E.g. Truancy rates at school are very high. to play truant(old-fashioned) – прогуливать Stop playing truant!

28. tuition fees – плата за обучение E.g. Many students take out student loans to pay the tuition fees. Students’ grantscover their tuition fees. He’s already paid a year’s tuition.

29. a tutor –частный преподаватель, работающий с одним или маленькой группой студентов; Br. Преподаватель в университете, отвечающий за одного или группу студентов. E.g. He was my personal tutor at university. A history/ German tutor

Exercise 1

Read the letter, write out expressions in bold and translate into Russian.

Dear Kate,

Sorry, I haven’t written before but I’ve been really busy in the last few weeks cramming for the finals at school and then for the entrance test. But it doesn’t mean I didn’t miss you! Was glad to hear that you’re doing well in High School.

I have good news — I’ve chosen the university! You remember I’ve always been good atlanguages and economics? Well, I’d like to get into Oxford, so I’ll have to take my A levels first and thenpass either the interview or the entrance test. I’d like to major in economics and finance.

There is a lot to do every day and although I often stay upand burn the midnight oil, I am not losing steam yet! I’ve even found the time for some extra-curriculum activities!

What about you? Are you also cramming for the finals? Do you have orals or tests,by the way? Have you chosen the university yet?

Sorry, my first driving practice starts in a few minutes (You see! You see! And Mum said I was too young!), and have to dash now. I’ll mail you another one tomorrow.

Write soon!

Love,

Anna

Exercise 2

Letter-writing