History of education in russia.
Кафедра
Иностранных языков
LEARNING CAN BE ENJOYABLE.
(УЧИТЬСЯ МОЖНО С УДОВОЛЬСТВИЕМ.)
Методические указания
для младших курсов всех специальностей
Мурманск
УДК
ББК
| Автор -составитель - | Кожухова Марина Егоровна, преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского Государственного Технического Университета |
Методические указания рассмотрены и одобрены кафедрой, протокол № от 21.11.2008 года.
| Рецензент - | А.В. Малаева, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского государственного технического университета |
Редактор Г.В. Зобнина
© Мурманский государственный технический университет, 2008
Оглавление
Введение....................................................................................................... 4
PART 1. Reading and speaking.................................................................... 5
PART 2. Comprehensive reading................................................................ 17
PART 3. Word skills development............................................................. 24
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ....................................... 31
Введение
Данные методические указания предназначены для формирования навыков чтения и говорения по темам “Я – студент университета” и “Образование” у студентов младших курсов всех специальностей.
Методические указания состоят из трех частей. Первая часть включает в себя дополнительные тексты для домашнего чтения с использованием словаря. Предтекстовые и послетекстовые упражнения активизируют знакомую студентам лексику, закрепляют новые лексические единицы. Кроме того, представлены упражнения, направленные на контроль понимания содержания текстов, а также упражнения, развивающие монологическую и диалогическую речь.
Вторая часть состоит из текстов преимущественно для просмотрового чтения в аудитории, каждый текст сопровождается заданиями для контроля понимания.
Целью третьей части методических указаний является расширение активного и пассивного словаря по теме “Образование” .
Методические указания могут быть использованы как на аудиторных занятиях, так и для самостоятельной внеаудиторной работы студентов.
Learning can’t be boring.
Professor: “Now, John, what are you doing – learning something?”
Student: “No, sir; I’m listening to you.”
The Professor rapped on his deck and shouted: “Gentlemen – order!”
The entire class yelled: “Beer!”
Part 1.
Reading and Speaking.
(Additional texts for home reading.)
Text 1.
DAILY ROUTINE.
Task 1. Read out and translate the following international words and guess what they mean. Mind the parts of speech.
| course [ké:s] (n) minimum [′mûnûməm] (n) minute [′mûnût] (n) organize [′é:óənaûz] (v) practically [′præktûk(ə)lû] (adv) practice [′præktûs] (n) procedure [prə′sû:džə] (n) public [′pšblûk] (adj) | routine [ru:′ti:n] (n) seminar [′semûna:] (n) social [′səuÐəl] (adj) student [′stju:d(ə)nt] (n) synchronize [′sûÅkrənaûz] (v) transport [′trænspé:t] (n) university [,ju:nû′və:sətû] (n) yoga [′jəuóə] (n) |
Task 2. Read and translate the following text using a dictionary. Agree or disagree with the statements about the boys' and girls' style of awakening. Give your reasons.
One's daily routine depends on a lot of factors. Firstly, weekdays are different from days off. Secondly, it depends on your occupation. Thirdly, if you are, for example, a student, a lot depends on whether you are a boy or a girl.
Practically all students get up at 7:00 or 7:30 but the practice of waking up differs. Boys usually get up on time and rush out of bed like soldiers. Then they make the bed, shave quickly, clean their teeth, have a wash and fly out of the bathroom ready for their breakfast.
Girls like to stay in bed for another ten minutes after waking up. It's especially true of those who can by no means call themselves "early birds". Sometimes they have to wind two alarm-clocks not to oversleep. Sometimes alarm clocks aren't necessary, because Mum rouses them.
After getting out of bed girls have to follow the same procedure as boys and do a lot of other things. Some girls wash their hair every morning, and even if they don't, they still have to do their hair, which includes combing and styling. Then they put on a little makeup. If it takes five minutes for a boy to get dressed, a girl needs a minimum of fifteen minutes until she's fully dressed.
For a certain part of the day student boys' and girls' daily routine gets synchronised. They walk to the university if they live close to it or go there by public transport in a rush hour. Very few drive and needn't catch a bus to get to the university.
In the daytime all students attend classes. At midday they usually have lunch in the university canteen or eat a homemade packed lunch and have a chat with friends.
In the second part of the day students' daily routine varies greatly. Disciplined and diligent students go to the library, attend optional courses and read up for their seminars. Others like to relax for a while, maybe, even have a nap, dine and then start doing their homework and housework.
Young people like to go to keep-fit classes, practise yoga, jog, play games on the playground, train in a gym or just go in for some kind of sports. They have an active social life and go to meetings in all sorts of amateur societies.
Evening is the calmest part of the day. Watching TV is one of the most favourite occupations, but if one watches it too much, there isn't enough time to prepare homework and then one has to keep late hours.
Bedtime tends to be about midnight. Boys take a shower, eat their supper an go to bed at once. Girls need twice as much time to prepare themselves for sleep.
Students like weekends better than weekdays. At weekends they go out and very rarely stay in. They may organize their leisure time any way they like — call on their friends, go to parties or discos, go to theatres or cinemas, go on picnics, and... go wherever they want to go.
It's not surprising that on Monday mornings students sometimes feel sleepy. Their first waking thought is that they never have enough sleep. Then they regret that they didn't go to bed early and think that they should turn over a new leaf. They honestly think that they must become well-organized and correct their daily routine, at least at weekends. They make plans to read more, to help mother about the house, and to do a hundred other good things. On second thoughts they often put off their plans till the following Monday. It is always better to turn over a new leaf in a week's time.
Task 3. Match the synonyms:
| different to wake smb up a lot quickly to relax to call on smb rarely leisure to go to picnic to put off the following to have dinner | next to visit to postpone to rest various to dine to rouse smb much free seldom rapidly to visit outing |
Task 4. Match the antonyms:
| same boy to get up on time quickly early-bird morning to attend optional friend amateur to go out midday more | less compulsory to miss midnight professional foe to stay in slowly to oversleep girl different evening nighthawk |
Task 5. Give English equivalents of the following:
распорядок дня, рабочие дни, выходные, зависеть от, вставать вовремя, вскакивать с кровати, заправить кровать, бриться, умываться/мыться, после пробуждения, ранняя пташка, заводить будильник, проспать, причесаться, накраситься, одеться, ходить пешком, общественный транспорт, час пик, сесть на автобус, добираться до университета, посещать занятия, в полдень, болтать, дисциплинированный и прилежный, факультатив, готовиться к семинарам, заниматься в спортзале, активная общественная жизнь, самый спокойный, любимое занятие, достаточно времени, засиживаться допоздна, бывать в обществе, сидеть дома, организовывать свободное время, чувствовать сонливость/хотеть спать, выспаться, начать новую жизнь, искренне думать, по крайней мере, откладывать планы, через неделю.
Task 6. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text:
1. One’s daily routine depends … .
2. In the morning boys … .
3. Unlike boys, girls … .
4. Not to oversleep people … .
5. It takes little time for a … and more time … .
6. Students get to the university differently: they … .
7. In the day-time students … and at midday they … .
8. After classes hard-working students … .
9. To keep themselves fit students … .
10. In the evening students … .
11. At weekends students … .
12. Every Monday students think of turning … and becoming … and … .
Task 7. Match the definitions with the words from the right.
| 1. Someone who is studying at a college, polytechnic or university. 2. Club or party where people dance to recorded music played by a disc jockey. 3. A special building or room that has equipment for doing physical exercises. 4. A class at a university or college for a small group of students and a teacher to meet for a discussion. 5. A period of time when you stop working or studying in order to have a rest. 6. A lesson when you do (or make) something yourself rather than read or write about it. 7. A social event when a lot of people meet together to enjoy themselves by eating, drinking, dancing, etc. 8. Work that a student is asked to do at home. 9. A long talk on a particular subject that someone gives to a group of people, especially students in a university. 10. A performance given by musicians or singers. 11. Someone who usually gets out of bed very early. | seminar lecture early riser practical homework disco concert gym student break party |
Task 8. Here are some subjects but the letters are mixed up. What are the subjects?
Example: MGREAN - German
1.TAHMS …………… 6.EHGORAGPY ……...
2. IRTHOSY …………… 7. RAT ……………….
3. CNECSEI …………… 8. SPICHYS ……………..
4. NISGEHL …………… 9. MECRSIHYT …………...
5. HOGTCEYNLO…….. 10. NEOCCIOSM .……..
Task 9. Act out a dialogue. Ask your groupmate.
Model: where he/she studies Student A. : Where doyou study?
Student B. : I study at MSTU.
1. when he/she gets up.
2. what he/she manages to do before going to the university.
3. if he/she lives far from the university.
4. how long it takes him/her to get to the university.
5. what classes he/she has at the university.
6. where he/she has a bite.
7. if he/she goes to the library and why.
8. when and how he/she relaxes.
9. how he/she keeps fit.
10. if he/she ever tries to start a new life and why.
Task 10. Translate into English:
1. Я – студент-первокурсник. 2. У меня 6 рабочих дней и один выходной. 3. В рабочий день я встаю в 7 утра, заправляю кровать, чищу зубы, принимаю душ и завтракаю. 4. После завтрака я одеваюсь, выхожу из дома, сажусь на автобус и еду в университет. 5. Мне требуется полчаса, чтобы добраться до университета. 6. Занятия начинаются ровно в 9.00. 7. Обычно у меня 3 или 4 пары в день и обед в 12.20. 8. Посетив занятия, я иду в библиотеку готовиться к семинарам. 9. Вечером у меня свободное время, я отдыхаю, читаю, смотрю телевизор или слушаю музыку. 10. Иногда я засиживаюсь допоздна, так как делаю д/з. 11. В выходной день я не встаю рано, хотя я ранняя пташка, так как провожу свой субботний вечер с друзьями в клубах, кафе, кинотеатрах, на концертах, дискотеках или на природе (outdoors). 12. Я не очень прилежный студент, и иногда по понедельникам мне хочется начать новую жизнь. 13. Я планирую изменить свой распорядок дня, заняться спортом, помогать родителям, учиться лучше. 14. Но каждый раз я откладываю свои планы до следующей недели. 15. Очень трудно начинать новую жизнь с понедельника!
Text 2.
Text 3.
Text 4.
Useful vocabulary.
varied [′vìərûd] (adj ) – разнообразный
row [rəu] (v) – грести
compete [kəm′pi:t] (v) – соревноваться
the river Thames [ðə ′rûvə′temz] (n) – река Темза
Easter [′i:stə] (n) –Пасха
Putney [′pštnû] (n) – Патни (южный пригород Лондона; известен своими многочисленными гребными спортивными клубами на Темзе)
Mortlake [′mé:t′leûk] (n) – Мортлэйк (часть Лондонского округа Ричмонд на Темзе)
coxswain [′kéksweûn], [′kéks(ə)n] (n) – рулевой
ribbon [′rûbən] (n) – лента
turn [tə:n] (n) – поворот
Sporting activities at Oxford and Cambridge are varied and numerous. There are different competitions between the colleges. One of the most popular sports is rowing. At the end of the term long, narrow, light boats, rowed by eight men, compete in the races. Boats start at short intervals one after another and try to knock the boat in front. Those who are able to do it move one place in a table and the college at the top of the table is known as the "Head of the River".
Rowing has a long history in England. Rowing a boat with eight oars (весло) or with four oars was first started in England in the 18 th century. At that time the boats took part in festivals and processions on the River Thames.
In the 19th century people started to use the boats for racing, not only in London on the Thames but also in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. The first Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge was held in 1829.
Nearly every year since then there has been a Boat Race between these two Universities. It is held in London on the Thames, during the Easter vacation, at the end of March or the beginning of April.
The course, from Putney to Mortlake, is 4 1/4 miles long. It has many turns, and the crews usually row the 4 1/4 miles in 20 minutes.
The crews of the boats, chosen from the members of the college Boat Clubs, train together for twelve weeks before the race, first in Oxford or Cambridge and finally in London. In each boat there are eight oarsmen and a coxswain, usually called a "cox". The cox, who is much lighter than the others, sets the speed and the rhythm, and steers.
On Boat Race Saturday the banks and bridges of the Thames are thick with people who have come to watch. Some wear dark blue ribbons for Oxford, and some wear pale blue ones for Cambridge.
Task 2: Choose the statements which correspond to the contents of the text:
1. Students of Oxford and Cambridge compete only in rowing and swimming.
2. Boats rowed by eight and four men take part in the competition between the Universities now.
3. Two centuries ago people could see boats with eight and four men taking part in festivals.
4. The first boat competition was organized in the 19th century.
5. The weather is usually very hot at the period of Boat Race.
6. The sportsmen prepare for the competition together in Oxford, Cambridge and London.
7. On the day of the competition people who come to see the race have ribbons of a special colour to show what University they support.
Task 3. Give English equivalents of the following:
спортивные мероприятия; гребля; длинные, узкие и легкие лодки; соревноваться в гонках; с короткими интервалами; 4 или 8 вёсел; участвовать в фестивалях и шествиях; первая гонка была проведена; маршрут имеет много поворотов; экипаж/команда; гребец; рулевой; ритм; лента.
Task 4. Give synonyms to the following:
rower, to begin, almost, to participate, route, to be full of people, holidays, different.
Task 5. Give antonyms to the following:
short, same, at the end of, these, heavy, wide, before, the last.
Task 6. Complete the sentences choosing the right variant:
1. Oxford and Cambridge sporting activities are … .
a) few b) not popular c) numerous and different
2. Rowing is one of the … sports.
a) least popular b) more popular c) most popular
3. Racing boats are usually … .
a) short, wide and heavy b) tall and large c) long, narrow and light
4. The Boat Race is held in … on the River … .
a) Oxford, Severn b) Cambridge, Cam c) London, Thames
5. The course from Putney to Mortlake … .
a) is straight b) is winding (извилистый) с) has few turns
6. The direction, speed and the rhythm are set by … .
a) people who have come to watch b) oarsmen c) a coxswain
Part 2.
Reading comprehension.
Text 1.
Text 2.
Doing your homework.
| Task 1. Read the text in task 4 quickly to find out what it is about. Choose the best title for the text. 1. There is no success without effort. 2. How to do your homework without effort. 3. How to become a perfect student. Task 2. Read paragraphs 1-3 in the text carefully. Choose the correct answer: a, b or с 1. What is paragraph 1 about? a) The necessity to plan your work. b) The best place to do homework. с) Creating the best working conditions. 2. What is paragraph 2 about? a) Buying school materials. b) Making notes. с) Keeping your papers in order. 3. What does paragraph 3 tell you? a) When to do homework. b) Where to do it. с) How to do it. 3 Now read paragraphs 4-8. Underline each sentence that contains a piece of advice. | Task 4. Read this leaflet giving advice on doing your homework. Match headings A-I to paragraphs 1-8. There is one heading you will not need to use. 1. …………………………. It’s possible to get your homework done even if you have a busy schedule – if you decide in advance what you have to do. On Sunday or Monday, jot down your activities for the upcoming week in a notebook and then include a time for homework for each day. 2. …………………………. Buy a folder for each of your classes. Divide it into three sections: notes, homework, and tests. Always put papers in the correct section. 3. …………………………. Forget about doing your homework in front of the TV. Find a quiet place that's well-lit, where you can concentrate without getting distracted. 4. You won't get any work done if you're hungry. Your brain needs energy to work effectively! Drink plenty of water, and snack on some fruit or cookies to get more strength. 5. …………………………. Begin with your best subject. Your success will give you a feeling of satisfaction that will help you deal with your weaker subjects later. 6. …………………………. If you've started your Science homework, finish it! Don't leave one part of your homework unfinished to start another - you may not remember all those Chemistry formulas when you come back. 7. …………………………. Take at least a five-minute break when you feel tired. The rest will re-energise you so you'll be able to finish your work. 8. …………………………. Homework is rarely an exciting thing to do. But it's your top priority, and you have to get it done. Accepting this fact will help you deal with homework effectively. A Start strong В Complete each task С Plan ahead D Eat for energy E Just do it! F Keep things in order G Talk to an expert H Take a break I Find the right place |
Text 3.
How to Boost Your Memory.
Task 1. Fill in the gaps in the text choosing the correct answers given below.
Are you forgetful? There's a tremendous range of methods to boost your memory.
Your memory is like a brilliant, but ...1... computer storing a vast amount of information. In fact the memory's capacity is theoretically unlimited. ...2... only about 20 per cent of our daily experience is registered, and of that only a tiny proportion is loaded into long-term memory.
Normal healthy people can improve their memories easily. First of all learn to relax if you are trying to memorize something. You may ...3... important items if your mind is on something else or if you weren't paying attention because of anxiety. Try to combine study with exercise. Keep your mind fit ...4... your body by doing mental workouts. Crosswords, scrabbles and quizzes all help to keep the mind in shape. You can also train your memory in certain ...5.... The ancient Greeks invented memory systems called mnemonics, and they still work today. Most systems involve associating the things you want to remember with something you already have safely stored in your head. For example, if you want to remember numbers try to make associations between numbers in sequence – think of people's ages, special dates, whether they're odd or even.
1. a) unreliable b) expensive с) reasonable d) powerful
2. a) Besides b) Moreover c) Likewise d) Nevertheless
3. a) catch b) pickup c) miss d) get
4. a) alike b) as well as c) well as d) or
5. a) ways b) tricks c) methods d) schemes
Task 2. Choose the one best answer to each question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text.
1. Which of the following is not true?
a) Unbounded ability of people's memory can be developed or trained.
b) Memory's capacity is theoretically unlimited but practically it is restricted to 20% of what is loaded into long-term memory.
c) People's memory can be compared with a computer storing information.
d) To get rid of forgetfulness one can use a series of methods.
2. Relaxation may:
a) be helpful when memorizing something.
b) be an important item if your mind is on something else.
c) keep your body fit for scrabbles, crosswords and quizzes.
d) combine study with exercise.
3. What are memory systems mostly based on?
a) Sequence of numbers. b) Mnemonics. c) Associations. d) Safe storage of information.
4. What title could you give to the story?
a) Memorial systems of ancient Greeks still at work.
b) How to boost your memory.
c) Long life to long-term memory.
d) Forget-me-not: unlimited capacity of memory.
5. The word capacity means:
a) a feature of forgetful people.
b) an ability to receive, hold or absorb.
c) characteristics of memorabilia.
d) horizons of unlimited memory.
Text 4.
Evening Entertainment.
Task: People in the left column want to do an evening activity. In the right column there are eight ideas for evening activities. Decide which activity would be the most suitable for the following people.
 1. Mandy works until 8 p.m. every evening except for Wednesdays when she works until 10 p.m. She would like to join some kind of exercise class twice a week.  2. Simon plays the guitar in a band. He has always played rock music but has never had lessons. He would now like to learn how to play classical music.  3. Jim wants to meet people. He doesn't want to do a sport and he's not interested in languages. He'd like to do something educational.  4. Liz enjoys art and literature. She's not a very active person and doesn't drive. She enjoys talking to people and doesn't want to do anything too academic.  5. Kate would like to take some exercise but doesn't want to join a regular class. She would like to make new friends through a sporting activity. | A. Getting fit doesn't have to be dull. Work out to the sound of your favourite music with a group of keen, active people and top trainers. Classes on Mondays and Wednesdays 7 p.m. -8 p.m. В. Study French at all levels with qualified teachers. We have regular French cultural social events both on site and at other local places of interest, including restaurant and cinema trips. We also hold a yearly French weekend away. Contact us for details of class times. С. We'd like to set up a team of keen volleyball players for fun matches with other leisure centres. Don't worry if you've never played, we'll show you how. Sessions: Wednesdays and Fridays 7.30 p.m. -8.30 p.m. Lots of time off the court for weekend social events too. D. Study classical music - learn about the history of classical music and about many famous composers. Enjoy frequent visits to concerts and meals afterwards to discuss your ideas. Classes take place on Tuesdays 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. Visits to concerts are usually arranged for weekends. E. If you want to try something different why not have a go at swimming pool aerobics? Our classes are on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 8.30 p.m. — 9.00 p.m. Swimming pool aerobics is an excellent and enjoyable way to keep fit and is recommended for people of all ages. F. Join our friendly walking group for walks in the countryside. We are a fairly experienced crowd, so please make sure you have the right equipment and the right level of fitness. We don't want to leave you behind! Walks arranged every other weekend. G. One to one teaching — piano, violin, guitar, trumpet, etc. Take the opportunity to practise basic skills and then move on to more difficult classical pieces. Reasonable prices. Hours are arranged with individual tutors. H. Join our reading group for relaxed discussions. All you have to do is read a book a week and be prepared to invite a group of friendly people into your home for a chat about books. Every Monday night. |
Text 5.
Text 6.
Part 3.
Word skills development.
Activate your vocabulary!
University education.
Task 1. Read the following “vocabulary” text and study the words in bold type. Be ready to write a vocabulary dictation.
A. Subjects.
You can normally do (=study) these subjects at university but not always at school:
medicine law philosophy engineering business studies history of art
psychology sociology architecture politics agriculture
B. Studying at university.
If you want to go to (= enter)university, you must first pass examinations that most students takeat the age of eighteen (called 'A', that is advanced, levels). Most students take three 'A' levels (three examinations in three different subjects) and they must do well in order to get (=obtain)a place at university because the places are limited. At the moment, approximately 30% of young adults go to university in Britain.
If you get a place at university, the tuition (= teaching) is free, and some students also get (= receive) a grant, that is money to pay for living expenses, e.g. food and accommodation as well. Students at university are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree.
Most university courses last(= go on for / continue for) three years, some courses last four years, and one or two courses, e.g. medicine, may be even longer. During this period students can say that they are doing/studying history, or doing / studying for a degree in history, for example. When they finish the course and pass their examinations, they receive adegree (the qualification when you complete a university course successfully). This can be a BA (= Bachelor of Arts) or a BSc(= Bachelor of Science), e.g. I have a friend who has a BA in history, and another who has a BSc in chemistry.
C. Postgraduate courses.
When you complete your first degree, you are a graduate. In the US, students also use this word as a verb and say, they 'graduated in history' or 'graduated in chemistry', for example. Some students then go on to do a second course or degree (postgraduate course / postgraduate degree). These students are then postgraduates. There are usually three possible degrees:
MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science); usually one year
MPhil (Master of Philosophy); usually two years
PhD (Doctor of Philosophy); at least three years
When people study one subject in great detail often to find new information, we say they are conducting / doing / carrying out research into1/on2.
1to carry out a research into means to study the subject in details
2to carry out a research on means to study the subject in general
e.g. I'm doing some researchon chemistry.
My group mate is carrying out a research into bacterial fermentation.
D. School vs. university.
At school, you have teachers and lessons, at university, you have lecturers and lectures. When a lecturer gives/does a lecture, the students listenandtake/make notes, that is write down the important information, but do not usually say much, except to ask occasional questions.
Task 2. Read these sentences spoken by university students. What is each person studying?
1. We have to know every bone in a person's body.
2. I'm concentrating on the modernist style and the work of Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright.
3. The way we use fertilizers is much more precise than twenty years ago.
4. We're going to concentrate on Freud and Jung this term.
5. I've been reading some books on time management.
6. Expressionism was really a reaction to the work of the Impressionists.
7. We 've spent a lot of time on American foreign policy and how it has been affected by various domestic problems.
8. You must know this case - it's one of the most famous in legal history.
Task 3. What do you call:
1. the money some students receive if they get a place at university?
2. the qualification you get at the end of university?
3. the name we give students during this period at university?
4. teachers at university?
5. students when they have completed their first degree?
6. students studying for a second degree?
7. the study of one subject in great depth and detail, often to get new information?
8. the talks that students go to while they are at university?
Task 4. Replace the underlined verbs with different verbs that have the same meaning in the context.
1. Who is giving the lecture today?
2. Did she receive a grant for her course?
3. Is it more difficult to obtain a place at university?
4. You have to pass the exams before you can enter university.
5.He's studying physics, I think.
6. I think they're carrying out some research into the cause of asthma.
7. I didn't take any notes in the lecture yesterday.
8.The course goes on for three years.
Task 5. How similar is university education in your own country? Answer these questions.
1. Do you need to pass examinations before you can go to university?
2. Do some students get a grant to study at university?
3. Is the tuition free if you go to university?
4. Do most students go to university at the age of 18 or 19?
5. Do more students go to university in your country than in Britain?
6. Do most degree courses last three years?
7. What is your equivalent of the British BA or BSc?
8. Do you have similar postgraduate degrees in your country?
Task 6. Look at the different types of educational establishments below. Match
them to the sort of person who might attend them:
| Educational establishments | Type of person |
| 1. A primary school for infants and juniors 2. A nursery school 3. A further education college offering evening classes 4. A university 5. A public school | a) A five-year-old and a nine-year-old b)A thirty-six-year old office worker who wants to get better at computer skills c) A twenty-year-old who wants to be a doctor d) A fifteen-year-old whose parents want to pay for his/her education e) A three-year-old |
Task 7. Match the words from the right with their definitions from the left.
| a. study really hard b. get a degree c. a one-to-one talk d. government money to help you pay for the course e. not go to school, even though you’re not ill | graduate tutorial grant play truant cram |
Task 8. Look at the phrases below. Which phrases would you expect to find mentioned in school, which in a university, and which in both? Fill in the table.
play truant take an exam get a grant cram for end-of-term exams graduate with honours in Chemistry have a weekly tutorial do homework attend a lecture
pay attention to give a seminar on take a degree take the register
| school | university | both |
Enrolment.
Task 1. Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
| amount course graduation outlines requirements | calendar credits major prospectus technical | class hours curriculum number specified three | college electives opportunity subjects week | selecting |
Selecting courses.
The courses given by a … or university are called its curriculum. The … of the institution … the complete … . It gives the … for entry to each course, as well as the credits given for the … .
Each course is designated as giving a … number of credits. These are usually equal to the number of … devoted each week to the course. For example, a course that meets three
times a … usually gives … credits towards graduation. Schools using the semester … require about 120 credits for … Between 30 and 40 of the required … must be in the student's … subject.
Schools vary considerably in the … of freedom given students in … their courses. Almost all schools have a certain … of required … . Students can also usually choose nonrequired courses called … . Liberal-arts colleges usually give students more … to choose than do … schools.
Students and teachers.
Task 1. Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage below.
| authority classes degree located special women | bachelor's co-educational freshmen school students year | bodies co-ordinate graduates separate undergraduates | campuses courses junior sex university |
Students.
The student body of a … or college is divided into ... and undergraduates. Graduates have already received their ... degrees, while ... have not. The undergraduates belong to one of four ... , according to their ... of study. These are ... , sophomore, ... , and
senior classes. Most schools also admit ... students who take a number of ... , but are not
working towards a ... .
Students ... vary considerably from ... to school. Some institutions are ... , with both men and ... students. Others admit ... of only one ... .
A ... institution has ... men's and women's colleges. They are controlled by the same central ... and are usually ... on the same campus or nearby ... .
Task 2. Match the words for people in education with the correct definition.
| 1. apprentice 2. cadet 3. coach 4. dean 5. discipline 6. headmistress 7. instructor 8. lecturer 9. trainee 10. principle 11. professor 12. pupil 13. student | a) female teacher in charge of a school b) person who trains sportsmen for contests or prepares private students for an exam c) highest grade of university teacher d) the lowest teaching rank at a university e) person in charge of a division of study f) person who teaches you driving g) the head of some universities and schools h) a person studying to become an officer in the army or a policeman i) someone learning a trade who works in return for being taught j) person undergoing some form of vocational training k) anyone devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, especially attending university 1) attends primary school m) follower of a religious teacher |
Task 3. Use each verb, at least once, in the correct form to complete the following.
guide instruct learn lecture teach train
1. Animals are often ... by their instinct as to what is the right thing to do in a difficult situation.
2. German shepherd [′Ðepəd] dogs (немецкие овчарки) are sometimes ... to ... the blind.
3. Prof. Wise ... on British history twice a week. He has already ... us a lot. We ... from him how to read and evaluate original documents.
Grading.
Grading is a ... used in schools to ... student achievements. Almost every ... keeps a record of each student's ... in order to have some basis for measuring his ... The record supplies information for ... to parents. Universities and ... often use this information to help determine whether they should ... a student.
For a long time, the most ... method of recording achievement was by ... , with a mark, or ... , of 100 per cent representing ... achievement. The ... mark for a ... was usually 70 percent, and for ... work, about 80 per cent. Today, the letters A, B, C, D, E, and ... F, are much more commonly used. The mark A stands for exceptional achievement, and E or F means ...
A few schools use no ... system at all. Instead, each ... writes a detailed ... to the parents. Such letters report the student's progress, ... , activities, and social ... .
Список используемой литературы:
1. English Vocabulary in Use / Stuart Redman. – Cambridge University Press, 2001
2. Exam Excellence. – Oxford University Press, 2006
3. Longman Exams Dictionary / Pearson Education Limited, 2006
4. New Headway English Course PET Practice Tests / Jenny Quintana. – Oxford University Press, 2003
5. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English / A.S. Hornby. – Oxford University Press, 1980
6. Tests in English thematic vocabulary: Intermediate and advanced level. / Mariusz Misztal. – Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, 2001
7. Английский язык для инженеров / Полякова Т.Ю. – Москва: «Высшая школа», 2003
8. 1200 тестов по английскому языку 5-е издание / Гичева Н. – Москва: АЙРИС ПРЕСС, 2007
9. English for University Students / Меркулова Е.М. – Спб.: Издательство Союз, 2007
Кафедра
Иностранных языков
LEARNING CAN BE ENJOYABLE.
(УЧИТЬСЯ МОЖНО С УДОВОЛЬСТВИЕМ.)
Методические указания
для младших курсов всех специальностей
Мурманск
УДК
ББК
| Автор -составитель - | Кожухова Марина Егоровна, преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского Государственного Технического Университета |
Методические указания рассмотрены и одобрены кафедрой, протокол № от 21.11.2008 года.
| Рецензент - | А.В. Малаева, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков Мурманского государственного технического университета |
Редактор Г.В. Зобнина
© Мурманский государственный технический университет, 2008
Оглавление
Введение....................................................................................................... 4
PART 1. Reading and speaking.................................................................... 5
PART 2. Comprehensive reading................................................................ 17
PART 3. Word skills development............................................................. 24
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ....................................... 31
Введение
Данные методические указания предназначены для формирования навыков чтения и говорения по темам “Я – студент университета” и “Образование” у студентов младших курсов всех специальностей.
Методические указания состоят из трех частей. Первая часть включает в себя дополнительные тексты для домашнего чтения с использованием словаря. Предтекстовые и послетекстовые упражнения активизируют знакомую студентам лексику, закрепляют новые лексические единицы. Кроме того, представлены упражнения, направленные на контроль понимания содержания текстов, а также упражнения, развивающие монологическую и диалогическую речь.
Вторая часть состоит из текстов преимущественно для просмотрового чтения в аудитории, каждый текст сопровождается заданиями для контроля понимания.
Целью третьей части методических указаний является расширение активного и пассивного словаря по теме “Образование” .
Методические указания могут быть использованы как на аудиторных занятиях, так и для самостоятельной внеаудиторной работы студентов.
Learning can’t be boring.
Professor: “Now, John, what are you doing – learning something?”
Student: “No, sir; I’m listening to you.”
The Professor rapped on his deck and shouted: “Gentlemen – order!”
The entire class yelled: “Beer!”
Part 1.
Reading and Speaking.
(Additional texts for home reading.)
Text 1.
DAILY ROUTINE.
Task 1. Read out and translate the following international words and guess what they mean. Mind the parts of speech.
| course [ké:s] (n) minimum [′mûnûməm] (n) minute [′mûnût] (n) organize [′é:óənaûz] (v) practically [′præktûk(ə)lû] (adv) practice [′præktûs] (n) procedure [prə′sû:džə] (n) public [′pšblûk] (adj) | routine [ru:′ti:n] (n) seminar [′semûna:] (n) social [′səuÐəl] (adj) student [′stju:d(ə)nt] (n) synchronize [′sûÅkrənaûz] (v) transport [′trænspé:t] (n) university [,ju:nû′və:sətû] (n) yoga [′jəuóə] (n) |
Task 2. Read and translate the following text using a dictionary. Agree or disagree with the statements about the boys' and girls' style of awakening. Give your reasons.
One's daily routine depends on a lot of factors. Firstly, weekdays are different from days off. Secondly, it depends on your occupation. Thirdly, if you are, for example, a student, a lot depends on whether you are a boy or a girl.
Practically all students get up at 7:00 or 7:30 but the practice of waking up differs. Boys usually get up on time and rush out of bed like soldiers. Then they make the bed, shave quickly, clean their teeth, have a wash and fly out of the bathroom ready for their breakfast.
Girls like to stay in bed for another ten minutes after waking up. It's especially true of those who can by no means call themselves "early birds". Sometimes they have to wind two alarm-clocks not to oversleep. Sometimes alarm clocks aren't necessary, because Mum rouses them.
After getting out of bed girls have to follow the same procedure as boys and do a lot of other things. Some girls wash their hair every morning, and even if they don't, they still have to do their hair, which includes combing and styling. Then they put on a little makeup. If it takes five minutes for a boy to get dressed, a girl needs a minimum of fifteen minutes until she's fully dressed.
For a certain part of the day student boys' and girls' daily routine gets synchronised. They walk to the university if they live close to it or go there by public transport in a rush hour. Very few drive and needn't catch a bus to get to the university.
In the daytime all students attend classes. At midday they usually have lunch in the university canteen or eat a homemade packed lunch and have a chat with friends.
In the second part of the day students' daily routine varies greatly. Disciplined and diligent students go to the library, attend optional courses and read up for their seminars. Others like to relax for a while, maybe, even have a nap, dine and then start doing their homework and housework.
Young people like to go to keep-fit classes, practise yoga, jog, play games on the playground, train in a gym or just go in for some kind of sports. They have an active social life and go to meetings in all sorts of amateur societies.
Evening is the calmest part of the day. Watching TV is one of the most favourite occupations, but if one watches it too much, there isn't enough time to prepare homework and then one has to keep late hours.
Bedtime tends to be about midnight. Boys take a shower, eat their supper an go to bed at once. Girls need twice as much time to prepare themselves for sleep.
Students like weekends better than weekdays. At weekends they go out and very rarely stay in. They may organize their leisure time any way they like — call on their friends, go to parties or discos, go to theatres or cinemas, go on picnics, and... go wherever they want to go.
It's not surprising that on Monday mornings students sometimes feel sleepy. Their first waking thought is that they never have enough sleep. Then they regret that they didn't go to bed early and think that they should turn over a new leaf. They honestly think that they must become well-organized and correct their daily routine, at least at weekends. They make plans to read more, to help mother about the house, and to do a hundred other good things. On second thoughts they often put off their plans till the following Monday. It is always better to turn over a new leaf in a week's time.
Task 3. Match the synonyms:
| different to wake smb up a lot quickly to relax to call on smb rarely leisure to go to picnic to put off the following to have dinner | next to visit to postpone to rest various to dine to rouse smb much free seldom rapidly to visit outing |
Task 4. Match the antonyms:
| same boy to get up on time quickly early-bird morning to attend optional friend amateur to go out midday more | less compulsory to miss midnight professional foe to stay in slowly to oversleep girl different evening nighthawk |
Task 5. Give English equivalents of the following:
распорядок дня, рабочие дни, выходные, зависеть от, вставать вовремя, вскакивать с кровати, заправить кровать, бриться, умываться/мыться, после пробуждения, ранняя пташка, заводить будильник, проспать, причесаться, накраситься, одеться, ходить пешком, общественный транспорт, час пик, сесть на автобус, добираться до университета, посещать занятия, в полдень, болтать, дисциплинированный и прилежный, факультатив, готовиться к семинарам, заниматься в спортзале, активная общественная жизнь, самый спокойный, любимое занятие, достаточно времени, засиживаться допоздна, бывать в обществе, сидеть дома, организовывать свободное время, чувствовать сонливость/хотеть спать, выспаться, начать новую жизнь, искренне думать, по крайней мере, откладывать планы, через неделю.
Task 6. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text:
1. One’s daily routine depends … .
2. In the morning boys … .
3. Unlike boys, girls … .
4. Not to oversleep people … .
5. It takes little time for a … and more time … .
6. Students get to the university differently: they … .
7. In the day-time students … and at midday they … .
8. After classes hard-working students … .
9. To keep themselves fit students … .
10. In the evening students … .
11. At weekends students … .
12. Every Monday students think of turning … and becoming … and … .
Task 7. Match the definitions with the words from the right.
| 1. Someone who is studying at a college, polytechnic or university. 2. Club or party where people dance to recorded music played by a disc jockey. 3. A special building or room that has equipment for doing physical exercises. 4. A class at a university or college for a small group of students and a teacher to meet for a discussion. 5. A period of time when you stop working or studying in order to have a rest. 6. A lesson when you do (or make) something yourself rather than read or write about it. 7. A social event when a lot of people meet together to enjoy themselves by eating, drinking, dancing, etc. 8. Work that a student is asked to do at home. 9. A long talk on a particular subject that someone gives to a group of people, especially students in a university. 10. A performance given by musicians or singers. 11. Someone who usually gets out of bed very early. | seminar lecture early riser practical homework disco concert gym student break party |
Task 8. Here are some subjects but the letters are mixed up. What are the subjects?
Example: MGREAN - German
1.TAHMS …………… 6.EHGORAGPY ……...
2. IRTHOSY …………… 7. RAT ……………….
3. CNECSEI …………… 8. SPICHYS ……………..
4. NISGEHL …………… 9. MECRSIHYT …………...
5. HOGTCEYNLO…….. 10. NEOCCIOSM .……..
Task 9. Act out a dialogue. Ask your groupmate.
Model: where he/she studies Student A. : Where doyou study?
Student B. : I study at MSTU.
1. when he/she gets up.
2. what he/she manages to do before going to the university.
3. if he/she lives far from the university.
4. how long it takes him/her to get to the university.
5. what classes he/she has at the university.
6. where he/she has a bite.
7. if he/she goes to the library and why.
8. when and how he/she relaxes.
9. how he/she keeps fit.
10. if he/she ever tries to start a new life and why.
Task 10. Translate into English:
1. Я – студент-первокурсник. 2. У меня 6 рабочих дней и один выходной. 3. В рабочий день я встаю в 7 утра, заправляю кровать, чищу зубы, принимаю душ и завтракаю. 4. После завтрака я одеваюсь, выхожу из дома, сажусь на автобус и еду в университет. 5. Мне требуется полчаса, чтобы добраться до университета. 6. Занятия начинаются ровно в 9.00. 7. Обычно у меня 3 или 4 пары в день и обед в 12.20. 8. Посетив занятия, я иду в библиотеку готовиться к семинарам. 9. Вечером у меня свободное время, я отдыхаю, читаю, смотрю телевизор или слушаю музыку. 10. Иногда я засиживаюсь допоздна, так как делаю д/з. 11. В выходной день я не встаю рано, хотя я ранняя пташка, так как провожу свой субботний вечер с друзьями в клубах, кафе, кинотеатрах, на концертах, дискотеках или на природе (outdoors). 12. Я не очень прилежный студент, и иногда по понедельникам мне хочется начать новую жизнь. 13. Я планирую изменить свой распорядок д