Eating habits in great britain
The traditional British breakfast is a cooked meal of bacon, eggs and sausages, preceded by cereal or fruit and followed by toast. Nowadays this large meal is served mainly in hotels and is very popular with foreign visitors. Britons may eat this
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Lunch is a light meal and is eaten at school or work at about 1 pm. Lunch takes 30 - 40 minutes. Some offices install a microwave oven for employees to use. Popular lunches are: a salad or a sandwich; a baked potato; beans on toast.
Snacks are very popular in Britain, and many people frequently eat snacks between meals. Schools may also sell snacks, such as crisps, chocolate, sweets and biscuits. Instant snacks are the fastest-growing sector of the food market.
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Takeaways became extremely popular in the 1980s. The traditional British takeaway is fish and chips, eaten with salt andvinegar. Some give you a plastic fork. Most towns and cities now offer a wide range of takeaway meals, from American-style hamburgers to Turkish kebabs. Many families prefer to eat takeaway food for dinner instead of cooking.
The British are famous for their love of sweet things. Afternoon tea with sandwiches, scones, jam and several different kinds of cakes is a traditional custom. Since the 1970s eating habits in Britain have undergone a change. People started to eat less fat and more fibre. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity and heart disease. Forty per cent of adults in Britain are overweight. High-fibre foods and low-fat foods can now be found in all shops and supermarkets.
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The British have also started to count calories. They try to take in fewer calories and to follow a calorie-controlled diet. One of the fastest-growing sectors of the food market in Britain is slimming foods. | II. VOCABULARY |
| 1. meal [miːl] a light meal | прием пищи, еда легкий перекус |
| 2. to precede[prɪˈsiːd] breakfast is preceded by ... | предшествовать завтраку предшествует ... |
| 3. cereal [ˈsɪərɪəl] | каша, хлопья |
| 4. to serve[sɜːv] | подавать, обслуживать |
| 5. occasion [əˈkeɪʒn] on special occasions | случай, событие в особых случаях |
| 6. to install [ɪnˈstɔːl] to install a microwave oven [ˈmaɪkrəʋ‚weɪv ˈʌvən] | устанавливать установить микроволновую печь |
| 7. employee [ɪmˈplɔɪiː] | служащий |
| 8. baked potato [beɪkt pəˈteɪtəʊ] | печеный картофель |
| 9. snack [snæk] instant snacks | легкая закуска готовые закуски |
| 10. frequently [ˈfriːkwəntlɪ] | часто |
| 11. course[kɔːs] | блюдо |
| 12. convenience[kənˈviːnɪəns] food | пища быстрого приготовления |
| 13. frozen[ˈfrəʊzn]foods Convenience and frozen foods are especially popular. | быстрозамороженные продукты Пища быстрого приготовления и быстрозамороженные продукты особенно популярны. |
| 14. range [reɪndʒ] | широкий ассортимент |
| 15. pre-packed [ˌpriːˈpækt]meal to sell a range of pre-packed meals | расфасованная еда продавать широкий ассортимент расфасованной еды |
| 16. takeaway [ˈteɪkəweɪ] Takeaways became extremely popular. | готовое блюдо, отпускаемое на дом Готовые блюда, отпускаемые на дом, стали чрезвычайно популярны. |
| 17. fish[fɪʃ]and chips[tʃɪps] | рыба с картофелем-фри |
| 18. vinegar [ˈvɪnɪɡə] | уксус |
| 19. scone [skɒn] | лепешка |
| 20. to undergo[ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ] | подвергаться, претерпевать (изменения) |
| 21. fibre[ˈfaɪbə] | клетчатка |
| 22. obesity[əʊˈbiːsɪtɪ] | ожирение |
| 23. heart disease[hɑːt dɪˈziːz] | заболевание сердца |
| 24. adult[ˈædʌlt] | взрослый |
| 25. to be overweight [ˌəʊvəˈweɪt] | иметь избыточный вес |
| 26. to count calories [kaʊnt ˈkælərɪz] | считать калории |
| 27. to slim [slɪm] slimming foods | избавляться от излишнего веса продукты для похудения |
| III. READING COMPREHENSION |
| 1. Answer the questions: |
1. What do British people usually eat for breakfast?
2. When do British people generally have lunch?
3. What do the British usually eat for lunch?
4. Are snacks popular in Britain? Name popular British snacks.
5. What is the main meal of the day? What does it consist of?
6. What traditional British dishes do you know?
7. What is the traditional British takeaway?
8. What is afternoon tea?
9. Can you say that eating habits in Britain are changing? Why?
10. What is called a calorie-controlled diet?
| 2. Read the statements and say whether they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones: |
1. Nowadays a large breakfast is served mainly in hotels and is very popular with foreign visitors.
2. Britons always eat a big breakfast in the morning to start a normal day.
3. Lunch takes 1 to 1,5 hours.
4. Snacks are very popular in Britain, and many people frequently eat snacks between meals.
5. Dinner is usually the main meal of the day and consists of three to five courses - meat or fish and vegetables followed by a dessert or pudding.
6. Convenience and frozen foods are not especially popular.
7. Takeaways became extremely popular in the 1950s.
8. The traditional British takeaway is fish and chips, eaten with salt and vinegar.
9. Many families prefer to eat takeaway food for dinner instead of cooking.
10. Afternoon tea with sandwiches, scones, jam and several different kinds of cake is still very common.
11. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of obesity and heart disease.
12. One of the fastest-growings factors of the food market in Britain is slimming foods.
| 3. Choose the correct word or word combination: |
1. The traditional British breakfast is a cooked meal of bacon, eggs and …
a) honey
b) sausages
c) sweets
2. … is a light meal and is eaten at school or work at about 1 pm.
a) Breakfast
b) Dinner
c) Lunch
3. Dinner is usually … and consists of two courses — meat or fish and vegetables followed by a dessert or pudding.
a) the main meal of the day
b) the first meal of the day
c) the last meal of the day
4. Convenience meals are already cooked - all you have to do is to heat them up in a … .
a) refrigerator
b) microwave
c) blender
5. Takeaways became extremely popular in the … .
a) 1980s
b) 1990s
c) 1970s
6. Many families prefer to eat takeaway food for dinner instead of … .
a) going out
b) visiting friends
c) cooking
7. Fat is believed to be one of the major causes of … .
a) good mood
b) cancer
c) obesity and heart disease
| 4. Complete the sentences: |
1. The traditional British breakfast is a cooked meal of…….......…...………….……
2. Popular lunches are: ……………………………………..........….…………….…
3. Instant snacks are the fastest-growing sector of the……………………………….
4. Convenience and frozen foods are especially ………………….....………….……
5. Most towns and cities now offer a wide range of takeaway meals, from …………
6. Tea is often drunk with lunch and……………………………………………………
7. People started to eat less fat and ………………………………………..…………
8. Forty per cent of adults in Britain are…………………………………….………..
9. The British have also started to…………………………………………………….
10. One of the fastest-growing sectors of the food market in Britain is……………..
| IV. ANALYZE |
| 1. Match the words with their Russian equivalents |
| 1. takeaway | a. подавать, обслуживать |
| 2. employee | b. пища быстрого приготовления |
| 3. to serve | c.заболевание сердца |
| 4. convenience food | d. уксус |
| 5. to undergo | e. рыба с картофелем-фри |
| 6. heart disease | f. готовое блюдо, отпускаемое на дом |
| 7. vinegar | g. избыточный вес |
| 8. pre-packed meal | h. подвергаться, претерпевать (изменения) |
| 9.fish and chips | i. служащий |
| 10. to be overweight | j. иметь избыточный вес |
| 2. Give the English equivalents: |
легкий перекус……………………………………………………………………....…
установить микроволновую печь……………………………………………..….….
готовые закуски………………………………………………………………..…..….
быстрозамороженные продукты……………………………………………….…….
продавать широкий ассортимент расфасованной еды ………………………....…..
считать калории……………………………………………………………….………
стараться похудеть………………………………………………………………….…
взрослый………………………………………………………………………....….…
блюдо……………………………………………………………………………..……
в особых случаях………………………………………………………………..……
| 3. Prove the following statements: |
1. The traditional English breakfast is not common nowadays.
2. Takeaways became extremely popular.
3. The British try to live a healthy life.
| 4. Match the following words with their definitions: |
| 1. snack | a.being overweight |
| 2. frequently | b.grown-up, mature person |
| 3. frozen foods | c.variety, large quantity |
| 4. range | d.rope, string used as a component of composite materials |
| 5. obesity | e.products kept at low temperature |
| 6. adult | f.often |
| 7. fibre | g.light meal |
| V. TRANSLATE |
1. Английский завтрак состоит из бекона и яиц, которым предшествует овсяная каша с фруктами. ………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………. .
2. Ланч занимает около 30-40 минут и начинается около полудня. ……..………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….…… .
3. В школах продают легкие закуски: в основном шоколад, печенье и сладости. …………………………………………………………………………….…………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………......... .
4. Обед состоит из двух блюд – мяса или рыбы с овощами и десерта. ……...........
…………………………………………………………………………………………. .
5. Еда на вынос разнообразна – от американских гамбургеров до турецких кебабов. …………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………. .
6. Многие семьи предпочитают обедать в ресторанах. ………………………….…..
…………………………………………………………………………………………. .
7. Чай со сладостями и печеньем очень популярен в Англии. ……..…………….....
…………………………………………………………………………………………. .
8. Около 40-50 лет британцы пытаются вести здоровый образ жизни – потреблять меньше жира и покупать продукты с высоким содержанием клетчатки. ……….……………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………. .
| VI. SPEAKING |
| 1. Study the topics for oral composition then choose one and prepare a short report on it: |
1. Describe your week-day and weekend menu.
2. Tell about your family’s favourite dishes.
3. Talk about the dishes you usually cook for your birthday/ New Year’s Eve.
4. Illustrate the saying “Tastes differ”.
5. Talk about special features of the Russian cuisine.
6. Give a recipe of your favourite dish.
| UNIT 4 |
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| Preview Answer the questions. Then talk about your answers. 1. What is international communication? 2. What stereotypes about different nations do you know? 3. Why do you think it is important to make a favorable impression on a person you meet for the first time? 4. Have you ever tasted unusual food? What was it? |
| Intercultural Understanding |
| I. LISTENING AND READING |
| Read and translate the text |
INTERCULTURAL UNDERSTANDING
There was a time when intercultural understanding was a nicety, a luxury for the idle rich. Now the world has changed dramatically. To survive in international communication we must be able to understand more about other countries, other cultures, and other ways of doing business. Here are some tips for this.
First of all never generalize. People can’t be stereotyped. Even though they look alike, speak the same language, eat similar food, practice the same religion and live in the same country, each and every person you meet will be different.
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The first impression you produce is very powerful. A good first impression creates the expectation of a positive relationship. A bad first impression, on the other hand, can beovercomeonly with a lot of work over a long period of time – and sometimes we don’t get that chance!
Be careful with names and titles. For Europeans, a person’s name and title express or imply a wealth of information about family history, education, profession, reputation and personal achievement.
Language and body language is a great gift. It is your initial act of sharing yourself. It is the best way to win friends for yourself, your country and your company. To learn another’s language is the greatest of compliments and you will be richly rewarded.
Be careful about touching. We all know the Italians, Greeks and Spanish are touchers. The English and Scandinavians are non-touchers. Touching is a behavior reserved for friends and family members in almost all cultures. People generally do not touch or want to be touched by strangers, people they meet occasionally, new business associates or new acquaintances.
Food – how you eat it and how you react to it – is essential to the art of diplomacy. Your behavior at the table also is one of the quickest ways to make or lose foreign friends. When your hosts offer you a food that’s local delicacy or national specialty, they are offering you a sample of their culture as well as their friendship.
One more important thing is the way you dress. Europeans make judgments based on appearance and clothing. How you dress is seen as an indicator of your personality and social status.
| II. VOCABULARY |
| 1. intercultural[ˌɪntər'kʌltʃərəl] Intercultural understanding became very important. | межкультурный Межкультурное общение стало очень важным |
| 2. luxury [ˈlʌkʃərɪ] | роскошь |
| 3. dramatically [drəˈmætɪkəlɪ] The situation has changed dramatically. | кардинально Ситуация кардинально изменилась. |
| 4. to survive [səˈvaɪv] These tips are essential to survive. | выжить Эти советы необходимы для того, чтобы выжить. |
| 5. to generalize [ˈdʒenərəlaɪz] | обобщать |
| 6. stereotype [ˈstɪərɪətaɪp] There are a lot of stereotypes about Russians. | стереотип О русских существует множество стереотипов. |
| 7. consideration [kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən] Consideration is a quality you need to be a successful internationalist. | учет и понимание особенностей другого человека Учет и понимание особенностей другого человека – качество, необходимое вам для того, чтобы общаться с представителями других наций. |
| 8. local [ˈləukəl] | местный |
| 9. impression [ɪmˈpreʃən] | впечатление |
| 10. expectation [ˌekspekˈteɪʃən] A good first impression creates the expectation of a positive relationship. | ожидание Первое впечатление создает основу для хороших отношений. |
| 11. to overcome[ˌəuvəˈkʌm] | преодолеть |
| 12. to imply [ɪmˈplaɪ] | подразумевать |
| 13. initial [ɪˈnɪʃəl] | первоначальный |
| 14. to share['ʃɛər] Language is your initial act of sharing yourself. | делиться (своими чувствами) Язык – основное средство самопрезентации. |
| 15. to be rewarded [rɪˈwɔ:dɪd] | получить вознаграждение |
| 16. touchers [ˈtʌtʃəz] / non-touchers [nɔn ˈtʌtʃəz] The nations can be described as touchers and non-touchers. | люди, любящие / не любящие прикосновения (тактильный контакт) Народы можно описать как тех, кто любит или не любит прикосновения. |
| 17. associate [əˈsəuʃɪət] | коллега, партнер |
| 18. acquaintance[əˈkweɪntəns] He has a lot of business associates and new acquaintances in different countries. | знакомый У него много деловых партнеров и знакомых в разных странах. |
| 19. essential [ɪˈsenʃəl] | необходимый, обязательный |
| 20. delicacy [ˈdelɪkəsɪ] This food is local delicacy. | деликатес Это блюдо – местный деликатес. |
| 21. to make judgments [meɪk ˈdʒʌdʒmənts] Europeans like to make judgments of other people based on appearance. | судить о людях Европейцы любят судить о других людях по внешности. |
| III. READING COMPREHENSION |
| 1. Answer the questions: |
1.What is essential to survive in the world now?
2.Why should people not generalize?
3.What does consideration mean?
4.What does the first impression create?
5.What does a person’s name imply for Europeans?
6.What is the initial act of sharing yourself?
7.What nations are considered non-touchers?
8.What is important for the art of diplomacy?
9.Is the way people are dressed important for Europeans?
| 2. Complete the sentences: |
1.There was a time when ........................................ understanding was a nicety.
2.Now the world ..........................................dramatically.
3.Consideration and respect are the qualities you most need to be a successful ................................. .
4.A ........................................................... creates the expectation of a positive relationship.
5.............................................. with names and titles.
6.To learn another’s language is the greatest of ....................................... .
7.Touching is a behavior reserved for .............................................................. in almost all cultures.
8.Your ..................................... at the table also is one of the quickest ways to make or lose foreign friends.
9.How you dress is seen as an ............................................. and social status.
| IV. ANALYZE |
| 1. Match the words with their Russian equivalents |
| 1.relationship | a.национальное блюдо |
| 2.associate | b.образец |
| 3.to react | c.дар |
| 4.appearance | d.общение |
| 5.to overcome | e.реагировать |
| 6.communication | f.подразумевать |
| 7.national specialty | g.преодолевать |
| 8.gift | h.внешность |
| 9.sample | i.отношение |
| 10.imply | j.коллега |
| 2. Give the English equivalents: |
1.праздные богачи ………………………………………………………………..……
2.исповедовать общую веру .………………………………………………….………
3.наблюдать ……………………………………………………………………..……
4.богатая информация ……………………………………………………..…….…..
5.личное достижение ……………………………………..……………….…..……..
6.скандинавы …………………………………………………………………………..
7.искусство дипломатии ……………………………………..…………….….….….
8.знакомый ……………………………………………..………………………..….…
9.судить ……………..………..…………………………………………...……………
10.социальный статус .…………………..……………………………………….……
| 3. Prove the following statements: |
1. People can’t be stereotyped.
2. The first impression you produce is very powerful.
3. Names and titles are very important.
4. You must be careful about touching.
5. Food is essential to the art of diplomacy.
| 4. Match the following English words with their synonyms: |
| 1.tip | a.regional |
| 2.delicacy | b.completely |
| 3.to survive | c.label, heading |
| 4.to reward | d.advice |
| 5.local | e.to compensate |
| 6.dramatically | f.feast, treat |
| 7.title | g.praise, flattery |
| 8.compliment | h.continue to live |
| 5. Put the words in the correct word order |
1.has changed/ now/ dramatically/ the world/.
2.different/ and/ person/ every/ will be/ each/ you meet/.
3.write/ actively/ and/ hear/ down/ what you/ listen/.
4.don’t get/ sometimes/ chance/ we/ that/.
5.way/ the best/ friends/ it is/ for you/ to win/.
6.scandinavians/ are/ and/non-touchers/ the English/.
7.you/ their friendship / their culture/ as well as/ are offering/ they/ a sample of/.
8.thing/ is the way/ one more/ dress/ important/ you/.
| V. TRANSLATE |
1.Межкультурное взаимопонимание стало необходимым, поскольку мир кардинально изменился. ……………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………...……..………… .
2.Люди охотно верят стереотипам о других нациях и опровергают стереотипы о своем собственном народе. ……………………………………………………..……..
…………………………………………………………………………………..……... .
3.Если вы не знаете как вести себя в чужой стране – понаблюдайте за местными жителями. ……………………………………………………………………..………
………………………………………………………………………..……………….. .
4.Существует множество поговорок о важности первого впечатления.
…………………………………………………………………………..…………….. .
5.Немцы очень трепетно относятся к употреблению звания с именем собственным – для них это показатель статуса и достижений человека.
…………………………………………………………………….…………………….
………………………………………………………………………..……………….. .
6.Существуют специальные курсы, обучающие владению языком тела.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…….. .
7.Трудно сказать, являются ли русские нацией, которая считает приемлемым частые прикосновения. ……………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………..…….. .
8.Отказаться попробовать местный деликатес значит нанести обиду, которую нелегко забыть. ……………………………………………………………….……….
………………………………………………………………………………..……….. .
| VI. SPEAKING |
| 1. Read the information about good manners accepted in Europe. What is new to you? |
Manners
The manners appeared for a practical purpose. For example, when two men met, they extended their right hands – and eventually shook them – to show that they were not carrying weapons. A handshake served as a display of friendship, or at least to demonstrate a lack of hostility.
The manners used in much of the Western world have common antecedents; they have evolved in different ways in different places. These are some general ones:
- Quiet, modest behavior is always appreciated.
- Never meet, greet or talk to someone with your hands in your pockets.
- Humor is very local. It is best to avoid “telling a joke”.
- Do not chew gum in public.
- Always use “please” and “thank you” – in the local language if possible.
- Never put your feet on furniture.
- Do not eat while walking in the streets.
- Show respect for others’ habits and customs.
- Do not talk about money – yours or theirs.
- Do not point or beckon with your index finger.
- Do not ask for a tour of someone’s home.
- Never wander uninvited into the “private” rooms of someone’s home.
- Respect the privacy and dignity of others at all times; when in doubt, put yourself in their place.