Э. Г. Беззатеева, В. И. Сидорова, И. Н. Чурилова
Э. Г. Беззатеева, В. И. Сидорова, И. Н. Чурилова
EFFECTIVE ENGLISH
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ: ПУТЬ К УСПЕХУ
Учебное пособие
Омск
Издательство ОмГТУ
УДК 811.111(075)
ББК 81.2 Англ923
Б39
Рецензенты:
Н. Д. Коновченко, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры
английского языка ОмГПУ;
М. Л. Марус, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры
иностранных языков ОмГАУ
Беззатеева, Э. Г.
Б39 Effective English.Английский: путь к успеху: учеб. пособие / Э. Г. Без-затеева, В. И. Сидорова, И. Н. Чурилова. – Омск: Изд-во ОмГТУ, 2009. – 92 с.
ISBN 978-5-8149-0753-0
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 1-го и 2-го курсов всех специальностей очной и дистанционной форм обучения, изучающих анг-лийский язык в неязыковых вузах.
Целью данного пособия является формирование у студентов компетенции свободного общения на английском языке.
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета
Омского государственного технического университета
УДК 811.111(075)
ББК 81.2 Англ923
© ГОУ ВПО «Омский государственный
ISBN 978-5-8149-0753-0технический университет», 2009
| |
CONTENTS
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ................................................................................................. 4
MODULE I. MyIdentity...................................................................................... 5
Check List to Module I....................................................................................... 17
MODULE II. University Training....................................................................... 18
Check List to Module II...................................................................................... 31
MODULE III. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland....... 32
Part 1. Geographical position of Great Britain................................................... 32
Part 2. Political system and parties..................................................................... 39
Part 3. Industry and Agriculture......................................................................... 45
Check List to Module III..................................................................................... 51
MODULE IV. London – the capital of Great Britain.......................................... 52
Check List to Module IV..................................................................................... 58
MODULE V. The Russian Federation................................................................ 59
Check List to Module V...................................................................................... 67
MODULE VI. Omsk – our native city................................................................ 68
Check List to Module VI..................................................................................... 78
MODULE VII. Jobs and occupations................................................................. 79
Check List to Module VII................................................................................... 90
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ................................................................................. 91
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
Учебное пособие Effective English предназначено для студентов 1-го и
2-го курсов всех специальностей очной и дистанционной форм обучения, изучающих английский язык в неязыковых вузах. Данное пособие является частью учебно-методического комплекса, разработанного на кафедре иностран-ных языков ОмГТУ. Пособие соответствует содержанию типовой программы дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в неязыковом вузе.
Актуальность учебного пособия и его соответствие современным требо-ваниям к преподаванию иностранного языка определяется его коммуникатив-ной направленностью. Компетенция свободного общения достигается путем формирования, развития и закрепления у студентов навыков устной речи на основе системы коммуникативных заданий.
MODULE I
My Identity
Vocabulary Training
Form derivatives according to the model.
 |
A→Adv V→A
old – elderly origin – … marry – married name – …
close – … man – … divorce – … call – …
local – … girl – … separate – … engage – …
usual – … name – … relate – … place – …
Reading
Meet my family
I am Alex Samoylov. Alex is my first name and Samoylov is my surname. I am seventeen years old. I want to tell you a few words about my family. My family is large. I have got a mother, a father, a sister, a brother and a grandmother. There are six of us in the family.
First of all some words about my parents. My mother is a teacher of biology. She works in a college. She likes her profession. She is a good-looking woman with brown hair. She is forty-four but she looks much younger. She is tall and slim.
My father is a computer programmer. He is very experienced. He is a broad-shouldered, tall man with fair hair and grey eyes. He is forty-six. My father often sings and when we are at home and have some free time, I play the guitar and we sing together. My father is handy with many things. He can fix almost everything: a vacuum cleaner, a washing machine, a fridge and what not.
My parents have been married for twenty-six years. They have much in common, but they have different views on music, books, films, sports. For example, my father likes horror films and my mother likes “soap operas”. My father is fond of tennis. My mother doesn’t go in for sports.
My parents are hard-working people. My mother keeps house and takes care ofme and my father. My grandmother is a pensioner. She lives with us and helps to run the house. She is fond of knitting. My sister Helen is twenty-five. She is married and has a family of her own. She works as an accountant. Her husband is a scientist. They have got twins: a daughter and a son. They go to a nursery school. My brother Boris is eleven. He is a schoolboy. He wants to become a doctor but he is not sure yet.
I want to become an engineer. I’m a first-year student of the Omsk Technical University. This year I have left secondary school and entered our university. I’m a hard worker and like to do everything well. When I have spare time I like to go in for sports. I’m fond of sport games and my favourite one is football. I’m fond of music too. I like to listen to music and collect information about popular singers.
We have got a lot of relatives. We are deeply attached to each other and we get on very well.
15. Answer the following questions:
1. What is your first name? What is your surname?
2. How old are you?
3. Is your family large? How many are you in your family?
4. Have you got any brothers or sisters?
5. What are your parents? Where do they work?
6. How long have your parents been married?
7. Do they have much in common?
8. Do you spend a lot of time with your family?
9. What sort of things do you do together?
10. Do you go out with your parents?
11. Can you describe your mother (father, sister, brother, friend)?
Speech Practice
Translate into English.
1. Как Вас зовут? 2. Как Ваша фамилия? 3. Меня зовут Андрей, фамилия Лавров. 4. Вы находитесь в родстве с Анной Лавровой? – Да, мы брат и сестра. 5. Сколько Вам лет? – Мне 22 года. 6. Когда Вы родились? – Я родился
26 июля 1975 года. 7. Сколько лет Вашим родителям? 8. Где Вы родились? –
Я родился в Канаде, но мои отец и мать британцы. 9. Сколько лет Вашему племяннику? Он выглядит очень молодо. – Он на пять лет старше меня.
10. Ваш сын уже женат? – Нет, он еще холост. 11. Кем Вы приходитесь Анне Лавровой? – Я ее тетя. 12. Кто Вы по профессии? – Я экономист. 13. Где Вы работаете? – На заводе. 14. Кем работают Ваши родители? – Они уже пенсионеры. 15. Сколько лет они женаты? – Они женаты 25 лет. 16. Чем Вы увлекаетесь? – Я очень люблю путешествовать. 17. Как Ваша сестра предпочитает проводить свободное время? – Она любит читать книги по вечерам. 18. У Вас большая семья? – Нет, не очень. Нас трое: я, жена и ребенок.
25. Look at the chart of events in the life of an English writer Miriam Field and make a brief biographical account. You may start with the phrases:
· At the age of six …
· While she was at the university …
· After the publication of …
· After her mother died …
· During this period …
| Age | Events |
| wrote short stories about animals | |
| published a collection of poems, visited France and Germany | |
| wrote her first novel (unpublished) | |
| mother died, visited Italy | |
| university | |
| first marriage | |
| published a novel Mr. Bigwig | |
| birth of a child | |
| published a novel Not the Right Time | |
| divorce; visit to India and the Far East | |
| published a novel Hello, Henry, visited America | |
| second marriage | |
| moved to present home in Hastings | |
| began her autobiography |
26. Find the Russian equivalents of the following proverbs:
1) as the tree, so the fruit;
2) many a good father hath but a bad son;
3) too many cooks spoil the broth;
4) he is tied to his wife’s apron strings.
Check List to Module I
1. What is your first name? What is your surname?
2. How old are you?
3. When is your birthday?
4. Is your family large? How many are you in your family?
5. Have you got any brothers or sisters?
6. What are your parents? Where do they work?
7. How long have your parents been married?
8. Do they have much in common?
9. Do you spend a lot of time with your family?
10. What sort of things do you do together?
11. Do you go out with your parents?
12. Can you describe your mother (father, sister, brother, friend)?
13. Who runs the house in your family?
14. What are your household duties?
15. Who is the first to get up in the morning in your family?
16. What is your father’s hobby?
17. What does your morning begin with?
18. Do you take a shower (a bath) in the morning or do you just wash your face and hands?
19. How is the evening usually spent in your family?
20. Are you fond of watching TV? Are there any TV programmes which you especially like and try to watch regularly, or do you turn on TV just to pass away the time?
MODULE II
University Training
Vocabulary Training
Reading
Higher Education in Russia
Young people of Russia get higher education at institutes, universities and academies. They enter a higher institution after leavings secondary schools. Of course, not all people who want to get higher education can be admitted to an institution. There are from two to ten applicants for each vacancy at various higher schools and only the best in knowledge are able to pass competitive entrance exams.
Those who hadn’t chance of being accepted to the institute go to work at various plants and offices. It doesn’t mean, however, that such people have no opportunity to get higher education. Almost all higher schools in Russia have evening or extramural departments for the people who want to combine their work with study.
The study in Russia is free of charge or paid. Full-time students (day students) get state scholarship, the amount of which depends on their success in studies. Part-time students get extra-paid leave for the period of their session.
The course of study at higher schools runs four or six years, in other words it consists of 4 or 6 academic years. Each academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term the students have exams and credit tests (session).
The schools of higher education have a comprehensive curriculum, which consists of a number of theoretical (pure)and applied sciences. The students study general-educational and specialized subjects.
At the end of study students submit the graduation projects (papers) or hold final exams. The main purpose of the project is to evaluate the standard of the graduates’ knowledge and abilities. Sometimes projects are used by industrial enterprises. After graduation the graduates get diplomas.
Complete the sentences.
1. Young people enter… 2. There are five applicants… 3. Only the best in knowledge are able… 4. Besides day-time study almost all higher schools in Russia… 5. If you want to combine work with study… 6. The study in Russia is … or… 7. Part-time students get… 8. The course of study consists of… 9. An academic year is divided into… 10. Young people get higher education at… 11. At the end of each term…
12. The curriculum consists of… 13. At the end of study… 14. The main purpose of a graduation paper… 15. After graduation…
10. Compose sentences using word combinations:
after leaving secondary schools; to be admitted to the institute; applicants for a vacancy; entrance exams; to be able to pass competitive exams; have an opportunity; to combine smth. with smth.; extra-paid leave; to consist of; to be divided into; comprehensive curriculum; pure (applied) science; standard of knowledge and ability.
Answer the questions.
1. Where do young people of Russia get higher education? 2. After what stage of education can people enter higher institutions? 3. What competition is there usually at our higher schools? 4. What kind of young people are admitted to institutes?
5. What opportunities have those young people who have failed to become full-time students? 6. What kind of higher institutions are there in Russia for the people who want to combine their work with study? 7. What privilege have evening and extramural students? 8. How long does the course of study run? 9. When do students have exams? 10. What curriculum have our higher schools? 11. How is the graduates’ standard of knowledge checked up?
Answer these questions.
1. What are the three types of universities in Great Britain?
2. What is necessary to go on to higher education?
3. What grants do students receive?
4. Differentiate between the first, the second and the highest degrees given after the graduation from a university. What is necessary for getting these degrees?
5. What other institutions of higher education are there in Great Britain?
Speech Practice
Discuss the following problems in two groups, one of them supporting the statements given below, the other – disproving them. Read pros and cons in the tables. Think of some more, which are important in your opinion.
1) It is necessary for a future engineer to study a foreign language.
| For | Against |
| Can read foreign scientific journals as soon as they are published. Can speak to foreign colleagues if necessary. Can read foreign books. It’s interesting to speak to people using another language. Can find out more about the world. | It takes a lot of time to study it. Sometimes the results are rather poor. You can wait till interesting articles are translated into your native language. You can turn to a translator if it is necessary. It is not interesting to study a foreign language. |
2) If a young man has a family of his owns he had better enter an extramural faculty, not a full-time one.
| Full-time faculty | Extramural faculty |
| For | For |
| A lot of time to take part in an experimental work (in the labs etc.). The opportunity of self-study with the help of qualified teachers. Time to take part in sport activities. | Some experience combining work with study. The possibility to get a salary enough for a growing family. Prospects of promotion. |
| Against | Against |
| The grants are not enough for a growing family. Too many subjects to study. | No time for studying after work. Much time and effort to work on one’s own. |
To express your opinion:
I think…; Speaking for myself…; I believe…; I suppose…; I’m sure; In my opinion…
To agree with somebody:
Yes, I agree (with you); That’s true; I think so too; You are quite right.
To disagree with somebody:
On the other hand…; I don’t agree (with you); It’s not (entirely) true; I don’t think so.
Check List to Module II
1. Where do young people of Russia get higher education?
2. What competition is there usually at our higher schools?
3. What opportunities have those young people who have failed to become full-time students?
4. What kind of higher institutions are there in Russia for the people who want to combine their work with study?
5. What privilege have evening and extramural students?
6. How long does the course of study run?
7. What curriculum have our higher schools? 1
8. Which faculty was the first one?
9. In what year the Institute became Omsk State Technical University?
10. What can you say about the teaching stuff of the University?
11. Which degrees does the University give the students?
12. Is Post-Graduate Study available to the students?
13. What are the three types of universities in Great Britain?
14. What grants do students receive?
15. What other institutions of higher education are there in Great Britain?
MODULE III
Vocabulary training
Express your opinion.
 |
1. The total area of Great Britain is about 245.000 square kms.
2. Over 80 % of population of Great Britain live in cities.
3. The longest rivers are the Severn and the Thames.
4. The river Thames is 332 kms in length.
5. The Strait of Dover is only 31 kms across.
6. The main cities of the country are London, Birmingham, Liverpool and Manchester.
12. Translate into English:
on: на двух больших островах; на континенте; на Темзе; на озере Виндермир; на Тихом океане; на западном побережье.
in: в Европе; в Шотландии; по длине; в стране; на севере; на юге; на западе страны.
by: отделен Ирландским морем; ограничен Атлантическим океаном; исполь-зованы кораблями; омывается тёплым течением.
of: теплое течение Гольфстрима; Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии; поверхность Англии; самая длинная из них; 80 % населения; ряд озер; прибрежная зона страны.
Choose the right word.
1. The southern part of Ireland is an (developing, independent, socialist) republic.
2. The coastline of the country has excellent (gulfs, mountains, harbours).
3. The English weather is (changeable, unchangeable, dry).
4. The longest river Severn is 353 kms (in a year, in number, in length).
5. The British Isles are (bound, washed, situated) by the warm (current, sea, ocean) of the Gulf Stream.
Reading
Study the following text.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on 2 large islands and 5.000 smaller ones. These are the British Isles. Great Britain is the largest island in Europe. It is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea, from the European Continent – by the North Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. In the east the country is washed by the North Sea. On the west coasts Great Britain is bound by the Atlantic Ocean.
Great Britain includes England, Scotland and Wales. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties.
England is the largest part of Great Britain. It occupies over 50 % of the territory and its population amounts to 83 % of the total population of Great Britain.
Wales is а peninsula in the south-west of the island of Great Britain. It occupies about 9 % of its territory with the population of 4.8 % of the total population. The Welsh speak their own language. The capital is Cardiff.
Scotland is the most northern part of Great Britain with the territory of 32 % of the total territory and with the population of 9 % of the total population of Great Britain. Its capital is Edinburgh.
Northern Ireland occupies the north-east part of the island of Ireland. Its territory amounts to 5.2 % of the total territory of Great Britain. Its capital is Belfast.
The southern part of Ireland is an independent republic.
The greater part of the surface of England and Ireland is flat. The northern part of Scotland and Wales is mountainous and rocky. The main rivers are short but can be used by ships. The longest of them are the Severn, 353 kms in length and the Thames, 332 kms in length. There is a number of lakes in the country. The largest lake is the Lake District. The coastline of the country has excellent harbours.
As a rule, climate depends on the geographical position of the country. The British Isles are washed by the warm current of the Gulf Stream, It makes the climate more moderate than on the Continent and brings a little of tropics to the very doors of English people. So the weather is mild, wet, cloudy, windy and changeable.
The total area of the country is about 21.600 square miles or 245.000 kms. The population of Great Britain is about 58 million, 44 being Englishmen. Over 80 % of the population live in cities and towns. Nearly all people speak English. but some speak Celtic languages.
The main cities are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Cardiff.
15. Express your opinion.
Model: T: The greater part of England is flat.
St: It is right. The greatest part of England is flat.
T: The population of Great Britain is 130 million.
St: It is wrong. The population of Great Britain is 58 million.
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on 1 large island.
2. Great Britain includes England, Scotland and Wales.
3. Great Britain is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea.
4. Great Britain is bounded by the Pacific Ocean.
5. The main rivers of Great Britain can be used by ships.
6. The British Isles are washed by the cold current of the Gulf Stream.
7. The Gulf Stream brings a little of tropics to the very doors of English people.
8. The weather in England is mild, wet, cloudy, windy and changeable.
9. The main cities of Great Britain are New York, Washington, San Francisco and Chicago.
16. Find in the text English equivalents for the following words and word-combinations:
скалистый; прибрежная линия; независимая республика; это делает климат более умеренным; могут быть использованы судами; приносит немного «тро-пиков» к самым дверям англичан; на западном побережье; причем 44 – это англичанe.
17. Say it in English using the model:
1) to be situated – быть расположенным;
Model: T: Омск расположен в Сибири.
St: Omsk is situated in Siberia.
a. Франция расположена на Европейском континенте.
b. Шотландия расположена на севере Великобритании.
c. Великобритания расположена на Британских островах.
2) to be separated – быть отделенным;
Model: T: Европа отделена от Азии Уральскими горами.
St: Europe is separated from Asia by the Urals.
a. Великобритания отделена от Ирландии Ирландским морем.
b. Великобритания отделена от Европейского континента Северным морем.
c. Шотландия отделена от Англии горами и холмами.
d. Франция отделена от Великобритании проливами Ла Манш и Паде-Кале.
3) to include – включать;
Model: T: Омскaя область включает 32 района.
St: Omsk region includes 32 districts.
a) Великобритания включает Англию, Шотландию и Уэльс.
b) Британские острова включают 2 больших острова и более 5000 ма-леньких островов.
c) Лондон включает 3 основные части.
Speech practice
Vocabulary training
1. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
 |
| to be limited – быть ограниченным to consist of – состоять to rule – управлять to defend – защищать to support – поддерживать to appoint – назначать to determine - определять to dissolve – распустить to be founded – быть основанным to preside over [ʼprizaid] – председательствовать на monarchy [ʼmɔnəkɪ] – монархия at the head – во главе power(s) – власть branch – ветвь bill – законопроект | government –правительство law-making body – законодательный орган in the name of – от имени majority – большинство parliamentary – парламентский executive [igʼzekjutiv] – исполнительный elective [iʼlektiv]– выборный legislative [ʼlegislәtiv] – законодательный judiciary [ʤu:ʼdiʃiәri] – судебный; судьи both… and – как… так и chamber – палата |
Reading
Study the following text.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. The King or the Queen is at the head of the state but does not play an important part in the political life of the country.
The Queen has powers that can surprise many. She can choose a Prime Minister, dissolve Parliament and declare war like an absolute monarch. But in reality, she does not have these powers and acts under the tradition on the advice of Parliament.
The British monarch has served both the Empire and the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth is the head of state not only of one small island nation, but also of the 53 nations of the Commonwealth, with the population of 1.8 billion.
The Queen’s powers are limited by Parliament. It consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords has inherited (наследственные) members and the House of Commons has elected members. The House of Commons is the main law-making body of the United Kingdom. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated.
The House of Lords has more than 1,000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor, who sits on the Woolsack.
The House of Commons is made up of 650 elected members, known as Members of Parliament, or MPs. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker.
The Government is formed by the Prime Minister usually the leader of the party that has the majority in the House of Commons. He is appointed by the queen. Prime Ministers hold Cabinet meetings at their house at number 10 Downing Street, which is very near the Houses of Parliament. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet.
The highest executive power is the Cabinet. It consists of 20 ministers and the Prime Minister. The country is ruled by the Government in the name of Queen.
The judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent of both the legislative and the executive branches. There is no written Constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.
At present there are 3 main political parties in the country: the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and the Labour Party. The Conservative Party and the Liberal Party were founded in the middle of the 19th century and were supported by the rich people. The Labour Party was founded by the Trade Union Congress at the beginning of the 20th century. While many Labour voters are middle-class or intellectuals, the traditional Labour Party support is still strongest in industrial areas.
12. Answer the following questions:
1. Is Great Britain a parliamentary monarchy?
2. Is the Queen at the head of the state?
3. Does she play an important part in the political life of the country?
4. Are her powers’ limited by the Parliament?
5. What chambers does the Parliament consist of?
6. Whom is the Government formed by?
7. What is the highest executive power?
8. What are that main political parties in Great Britain?
Speech practice
Complete the dialogues.
1) – (Из каких палат состоит парламент?)
– The Parliament consist of 2 chambers: the House of Lords an the House of Commons.
– How many members has the House of Commons?
– ….
2) – Is the Queen at the head of the state?
– ….
– (Чем ограничена власть Королевы?)
– Her powers’ are limited by the Parliament.
– (Какова главная функция Парламента?)
– The main function of Parliament is to make laws, to control the Government, to appropriate funds.
Work in pairs.
Student A Student B
| 1. Great Britain – to be a parliamentary monarchy. What-it-to mean? 2. How many chambers – the British Parliament – to consist of? 3. Both Houses – to be elected? 4. How many members – to be-there House? | 1. There – to be the King or the Queen – and the Parliament. 2. … the House of Commons and the House of Lords. 3. The members of the House of Commons – to be elected by general election. The seats in the House of Lords – to be hereditary. 4. The House of Commons-to have 660 the members. The House of Lords-to have 850 members. |
19. Learn the dialogues.
1) – Is England a monarchy or a parliamentary republic?
– Britain is a parliamentary monarchy.
– How is that?
– It’s simple: there’s the King or the Queen and there’s a parliament enjoying the right to pass laws and elect the government.
2) – There are 2 chambers in British Parliament, aren’t there?
– Yes, the House of Lords and House of Commons.
– The seats in Parliament are hereditary, aren’t they?
– Not exactly. The seats are hereditary in the House of Lords but as to the members of the House of Commons, they are elected every 5 years.
3) – Неllo, Steve. Nice to see you again.
– Hello Paul. Havenʾt seen you for ages. Where have you been?
– Iʾve been in England as matter of fact. Iʾve seen the Houses of Parliament and the Backingham Palace where the Queen lives.
– Does she rule the country?
– The Queen reigns, but doesnʾt rule. Queen Elizabeth II ascended the British throne in 1953.Great Britain is a constitutional monarchу. The Queen acts through Parliament on the advice of her Prime Minister.
– Does she make any political decisions?
– No, she doesnʾt. By the way, no king or queen of England is allowed to enter the House of Commons.
– I see you are full of impression. Would you have time to drop round and have a chat with us this evening? I know my parents would be glad to see you.
– Thanks, Iʾd like to very much.
– Good, see you tonight then.
– Fine.
20. Role play. Work in two groups, one – acting MPs supporting the bills to be introduced the other – rejecting it. Discuss all pros and cons of the bills given below, and give your arguments:
– The UK accepting the "Euro" as payment.
– Canceling the heredity principal of Lords as MPs.
– Restrictions of monarch's powers in the UK.
– Efficiency of the multi-party system.
Vocabulary training
1. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
| to obtain – получать to increase – увеличивать to develop – развивать to be famous for – быть известным чем-либо to receive – получать to provide – обеспечивать to manufacture – производить to destroy – разрушать to devote – посвящать production – производство variety – разнообразие deʼposit – месторождение exʼpansion – расширение vehicle – транспортное средство dairy-farming – животноводство | grain crops – зерновые культуры barley – ячмень wheat – пшеница arms expenditure – военные расходы resources – ископаемые limestone – известняк china clay – каолин, фарфоровая глина oil shale – нефтеносный сланец fuel – топливо, горючее well - нефтяная скважина employment – занятость extreme – чрезвычайный naval – морской coal-mining – добыча угля |
A B
| change vehicle barley steel to obtain to manufacture deposit budget products decade independence electrical goods | сталь ячмень месторождение независимость бюджет десятилетие электротовары получать изменение производить транспортное средство продукты |
Give Russian equivalents.
Car industry, state budget, extreme expansion of the military sector, coal deposits, variety of mineral resources, have greatly increased, last decades, to obtain independence, cotton industry, everything one needs in life, to provide employment, all over the world.
Reading
Study the following text.
Great Britain is highly developed industrial capitalist country. It is a member of the Common Market. Before the Second World War the country was an old naval powerful state. After the war Great Britain has lost almost all its colonies, some of them feel under the influence of the USA, others obtained independence.
During the last decades there has been a great change in the structure of British industry. The main British exports were coal and textiles. But now British export of machinery, vehicles and electrical goods has greatly increased. Many new branches of industry have developed: such as the production of motor cars, radio and television sets and others.
There is no variety mineral resources in the country, but coal deposits take the 6th place in the world. Coal-mining is one of the oldest industries together with ship-building and cotton industries. In the centre of England there is a district called the 
Black country. From here coal and iron are brought to many industrial cities.
Recently deposits of oil and natural-gas have been found in the British sector of the North Sea. Production of oil from offshore wells in the North Sea began in 1975, and the country is self-sufficient in petroleum. Other mineral resources include iron ore, tin, limestone, salt, china clay, oil shale, gypsum, and lead.
The country's main exports are manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, food and beverages, and tobacco. The main imports are manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, and foodstuffs. The United States, Germany, France, and the Netherlands are the main trading partners, and the Commonwealth countries are also important.
Britain has a large and sophisticated service sector. The service industries include finance, retailing, wholesaling, tourism, business services, transport, insurance, investment, advertising, public relations, market research, education, administration, and government and professional services. Telecommunications has become a dynamic growth industry, particularly with telex, facsimile, and e-mail communications
Sheffield is the centre of steel industry. Everything one needs in life is manufactured in Birmingham. Manchester is a textile centre. Liverpool is an important part as well as London. Clydeside and Belfast are famous for their ship-building.
Today the development of British industry is destroyed by the extreme expansion of the military sector in it. One-third of the budget has been devoted to arms expenditure. Military industry receives more state funds.
Four-fifth (4/5) of the land is devoted to agriculture. It provides employment for more than 1 million people. The main branch of British agriculture is dairy-farming. Milk and milk products are famous all over the world. The main grain crops are wheat and barley. But a number of agricultural products is still imported.
Answer the questions.
1. Is Great Britain a highly developed industrial country?
2. Is Great Britain a member of the Common Market?
3. What were the main British exports?
4. What are the new branches of British industry?
5. Is there a variety of mineral resources in the country?
6. What are the main industrial centres of the country?
7. What is the main branch of British agriculture?
8. Is a number of agricultural products imported to the country?
Speech practice
Role play.
The group of students is divided into two teams. The first one represents businessmen from England, Wales and Scotland. The other one – journalists from Russia. They are interviewing the businessmen about the industries developed in their countries.
Check List to Module III
1. Is Great Britain situated on an island or on the continent?
2. How many parts does Great Britain consist of?
3. By what is Great Britain separated from the continent?
4. The climate of Great Britain is mild owing to the warm Gulf Stream, isnʾit?
5. What do we call a group of islands situated to the northwest of Europe ?
6. What are the most important rivers in Great Britain ?
7. What industrial cities of Great Britain do you know?
8. What are the capitals of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?
9. What is the name of the Queen of Great Britain?
10. What parties are there in Great Britain?
11. Is the United Kingdom rich in mineral resources?
12. Give the names of 1) the longest river, 2) the highest mountain, 3) the largest lake, 4) the largest city outside London.
13.What is the name of the English state flag?
14.Where are most of the government offices situated in London?
15.Why is a district in the centre of England called The Black Country?
16.What is the name of one of the biggest textile industry centers in England?
MODULE IV
Vocabulary training
1. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:
 |
| to mean – означать to grow together – слиться to be proud of – гордиться to cover – покрывать, охватывать village – селение, деревня association – ассоциация church – церковь castle – замок handicraftsman – ремесленник wealth – богатство | place of interest – достопримечательность original – первоначальный commercial – торговый urban – городской vast – огромный ancient – древний fashionable – модный, светский densely populated – плотно, густо заселенный |
2. Practice the reading of the proper names:
| the Romans – римляне the Normans – нормандцы the Germanic invaders – германские завоеватели Llyn-din – Лин-дин the City – Сити the West End – Вест-Энд the East End – Ист-Энд the Manshion House – Резиденция Лорда-мэра the Royal Exchange – Королевская Биржа the Bank of England – Английский Банк | the Tower – Тауэр Westminster Abbey – Вестминстерское Аббатство Westminster Palace – Вестминстерский Дворец the Victoria Tower – башня Королевы Виктории Renaissance - Эпоха Возрождения Cockney – кокни the Highgate Cemetry – Хайгетское кладбище the Hyde Park – Гайд-парк St.Paul’s Cathedral – Собор Святого Павла |
3. Find the synonyms:
fine; ancient; vast; commercial; to edit; to mean; old; enormous; to publish; trade; artisan; occupant; handicraftsman; invader; wealthy; rich; to signify; beautiful.
Form the derivatives.
| N --- Adj | V --- N |
| commerce – commercial origin – tradition – wealth – fashion – | to invade – invader to edit – to visit – to compose – to work – |
5. Make up word-combinations:
ancient: castle, city, manuscript, church.
wealthy: people, family, district.
original: name, language, tradition.
fine: theatre, palace, city, concert hall.
commercial: centres, part, people, business.
historical: place, associations, part, museum, building.
fashionable: part, restaurant, mansion, apartment.
Reading
Study the following text.
London
London, the capital of Great Britain, and the largest city in Europe, is situated on the river Thames. It is the main political, commercial, transport centre of the country and one of the biggest ports in the world.
London covers the territory of 400 square miles. It’s population is about 9 million people. London is a very old city. It is more than 20 centuries old. The old Celts gave London its name. The Romans made the city the centre of their colony, the Germanic invaders tried to destroy it and the Normans made London the capital of the country. Llyn-din was the original name of the settlement which means a «lonely port».
Modern London is not one city. It is a number of cities, towns and villages that have grown together to make one vast urban area. «Great London» consists of many parts but the main traditional parts are: the City, the West End and the East End.
The City is an oldest and very important part of the capital, it’s commercial and business centre. Many banks, governmental and newspaper offices are situated in the City. People do not live in the City, they only work there. The heart of the City are 3 buildings: the Manshion House, the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England. Every block in the City is famous for it’s historical associations. St. Paul’s Cathedral, the finest Renaissance church in Europe, and the Tower of London, an ancient castle, are the most famous places of interest in the City.
The West End is a symbol of wealth, the richest, fashionable and most beautiful part of London. It is situated between the City and Hyde Park. Here you can see wide streets, fine theatres, cinemas and concert halls, the best hotels and restaurants. Among all historical places of the West End the most interesting are: Westminster Abbey and Westminster Palace, known as the Houses of Parliament, with 2 towers: the Victoria Tower and the Clock Tower with Big Ben.
The East End is the poorest district of London, it’s industrial part with many plants, factories, workshops. It is a densely populated district. Workers, dockers, handicraftsman live in the East End. They produce the wealth of the West End and are proud of being called true Londoners. The port of London is also in the East End. The smog hangs dark in the sky over the East End. It is often said: «The City is the money of London, the West End is it’s goods, the East End is the hands of London».
The main industries of London are shipbuilding, textile and machine-building industries.
Many famous people lived in London: Heinrich Heine, the German poet; Mozart, the German composer; Alexander Herzen, the Russian writer; Ivan Pavlov, the famous Russian physiologist and many other scientists, artists, writers, painters. Karl Marx worked and lived for many years in London and is buried in the Highgate Ceremony.
Speech practice
17. Use the following words to speak about:
а) London – the capital of Great Britain
the capital; the largest city in Europe; the main political; commercial centre; the biggest port; the population of 9 million; a number of towns; to be situated; to cover the territory; to grow together; to make one vast urban area.
b) the history of London:
a very old city; 20 million centuries old; the old Celts; the Romans; the Germanic invaders; the Normans; the original name Llyn-din; a «lonely port»; to give; to make the centre of the colony; to destroy; to mean; to make the capital.
c) the parts of London:
the main traditional parts; the City; the West End; the East End; banks; governmental offices; newspaper offices; a symbol of wealth; wide streets and fine theatres; cinemas and concert halls; workers; dockers; handicraftsmen; the smog; many plants; factories; workshops; to live; to be situated; to work; to hang; to produce the wealth.
18. Learn the dialogues.
1.
– Which are the most interesting picture galleries in London?
– Well, the National Gallery, to begin with, then comes the National Portrait Gallery.
– Yes, but what about the British Museum? I’ve heard a lot of it.
– Oh surely, you ought to go there, but the British museum is not a museum of Fine Arts. It’s a museum of history, archeology and ethnography. It’s also one of the largest libraries in the world.
2.
– This is Fleet Street.
– It’s name suggests a sea voyage.
– Nothing of the kind. It suggests journalism.
– Why?
– Because all the big British daily newspapers are edited here.
3.
– Why, it’s № 10 Downing Street:
– Exactly so. Here the Prime Minister of Britain lives.
– And where’s the residence of the Queen?
– The London residence of the British kings is Buckingham Palace. When the Queen is in the residence the Royal Standard is flown at mast head (флагшток).
19. In groups, hold a discussion on the following situation:
 |
– Big Ben is a tower clock. It is famous for its accuracy and for its 13-ton bell, designed by Edmund Beckett, Baron Grimthorpe. Big Ben is housed in the tower at the eastern end of the Houses of Parliament. The clock was named after Sir Benjamin Hall, commissioner of works at the time of its installation in 1859. Originally applied only to the bell, eventually it came to indicate the clock itself.
– Many important events in the history of Great Britain are connected with the Tower of London. It has served as citadel, palace, prison, mint, and menagerie. Now it is a museum. In 1078 William the Conqueror built the White Tower to defend the city. The Tower is famous for its illustrious prisoners. Many great people lost their heads on the executioner's block. The Yeoman Warders known as 'Beefeaters' guard the Tower. They wear traditional Tudor costumes.
Role play
A group of guides suggests possible sightseeing routes about London to their office director commenting on the peculiarities of different historical places. Each one speaks in favour of his/her suggestion trying to convince both the director and the guides that the route is the best. In the end the participants of the talk choose the most appropriate route.
Check List to Module IV
1. What's the City, the West End, the East End?
2. What are English buses called?
3. What is the name of the tower which contains the famous Big Ben?
4. What is the name of London underground?
5. Can you name the person of England whose final Battle was at Trafalgar?
6. What is the famous place in Hyde Park where people can say anything they like?
7. Who was the famous English general and statesman who won the victory of Waterloo?
MODULE V
The Russian Federation
Vocabulary Training
1. Read the words and the expressions below:
 |
Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Kaliningrad Oblast, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and Democratic People's Republic of Korea, mineral and energy resources, unfrozen fresh water
2. Group the words into subject groups:
republic, country, land borders, energy, minerals, water, land
Work with your partner.
Semi-presidential republic, the eighth of the Earth’s land area, federal subjects, the ninth largest by population.
Reading
Vocabulary Training
8. Read the following words and word combinations:
AD (Anno Domini) – от Рождества Христова
Emerge – появляться
Byzantine Empire – Византийская империя
Ultimately – в конце концов
Principality – княжество
cultural and political legacy – культурное и политическое наследие
annexation – аннексия (присоединение)
successor state – государство-правопреемник
Grand Duchy of Moscow – Великое княжество Московское
9. Read the following words and expressions and guess their meaning:
na