Grammar Review: Types of Clauses
Step 1. Translation tips:
1. What has been made clear is their intention to avoid the conflict.
То, что стало ясно, – это их намерение избежать конфликт.
2. What method is to be used should be decided by the experimenter.
То, какой метод следует использовать, должен решить экспериментатор.
Экспериментатор должен решить, какой метод следует использовать.
3. The question is whether they will be able to join us.
Вопрос в том, смогут ли они присоединиться к нам.
4. Regardless of the unusual manner of presenting the results, they didn’t cause a lot of arguments.
Несмотря на необычный способ подачи результатов, они не вызвали множество споров.
5. The extent to which the student is involved into the research work depends on his interest to it.
То, насколько студент вовлечен в исследовательскую работу, зависит от его интереса к ней.
6. Everything depends on the committee, since only its members have the right of the final decision.
Все зависит от комитета, так как только его члены обладают правом окончательного решения.
7. The question arises as to what these results lead.
Возникает вопрос, к чему ведут эти результаты.
8. Formulate your ideas clearly lest you should be asked many questions.
Четко формулируйте свои идеи, чтобы вам не задавали много вопросов.
9. She was late for the conference, for she was held up in a traffic jam.
Она опоздала на конференцию, т. к. застряла в пробке.
10. Since you have successfully finished this stage of work you can get down to the next one.
Поскольку вы успешно завершили этот этап работы, можете приступить к следующему.
11. The work is of particular importance in that it summarizes all available information on this problem.
Работа представляет особую важность, поскольку она обобщает всю доступную информацию по этой проблеме.
12. As long as the required conditions are observed this relation is valid.
Пока соблюдаются необходимые условия, это отношение обосновано.
Step 2. Make one sentence from each pair of sentences using the word given in brackets.
1. A common error was encountered by people. They claim that the method was used inappropriately. (who)
2. This is an important point. Funding for postgraduate courses is very difficult to find and fees alone can be considerable. (since)
3. The student has just been awarded a degree. His uncle lives next door to you. (whose)
4. I read a book. You recommended it to me. (which)
5. I tried to persuade her to change the topic. I didn’t succeed, however.
(although)
6. Her handwriting was very bad. Most teachers couldn’t read it. (as)
7. The guidebook explained everything. We bought it. (therefore)
8. An increasing number of postgraduate courses now contain both research and taught elements. The traditional division between the two modes of delivery still exists. (although)
9. She attended the university. The university has a good reputation. (that)
10. I met a person. He was totally ignorant of the situation. (who)
11. The students hadn’t done their tasks. The teacher was very angry. (since)
12. He never does any homework. He managed to get a good mark in the test. (even though)
13. It is essential to find out the quality of supervision you are likely to receive. This working relationship will be a major part of your life for several years. (as)
14. Postgraduate students often face financial pressures. They have to work while studying. (because of the fact)
15. Postgraduate study in the UK is intensive. The courses are of relatively short duration. (so)
Step 3. Translate into Russian.
1. In education when people refer to research they may mean either empirical or non-empirical studies.
2. During the 19th century colleges which were founded in the biggest English towns began to prepare students for external degrees off the
University of London.
3. One idea which has been carried out successfully at Oxford is for a department to organize a “brainstorming session” on self-assessment for graduate students.
4. Deciding what the research is to be about can take a surprising amount of time.
5. When testing a hypothesis or a theory, the scientist may have a preference for one outcome or another.
6. It is important that we have a clear understanding of what we can expect from each other.
7. The introduction summarizes the relevant literature so that the reader will understand why you were interested in the question you asked.
8. The University welcomes applications for postgraduate study from those who have completed degrees studying part-time.
9. It appears that the chief reason why students fail to get their PhDs is because of inadequate supervision.
10. The advances in technology that are rapidly making all forms of information widely available may demand new approaches to education.
11. Poisson was so sure he was correct that he did not even prove experimentally his hypothesis.
12. We invited colleagues from London University in view of discussing the findings of the joint project.
13. While many adult students undertake degree level study for personal satisfaction, those whose aim is to improve their career prospects also reach their goals.
14. As other countries invest heavily in their own postgraduate provision, the UK will need to work hard to maintain its competitive advantage.
15. Creativity often involves the ability to see which experiment will be a critical one to perform in order to test a new idea.
16. Owing to the lack of substantial evidence the investigation resulted in a failure.
Step 4. Translate into English.
1. Несмотря на то, что эти методы похожи, они оба должны быть упомянуты в статье.
2. Теория не объясняет то, что произойдет далее.
3. Изобретение не утвердили, так как не все документы были подготовлены.
4. Статья профессора Волкера была настолько интересной, что привлекла внимание многих ученых.
5. Недостаток этого прибора заключается в том, что он очень громоздкий.
6. Как только студенты получили курсовые задания, они приступили к сбору теоретического материала.
7. Аспирант помнит тот день, когда он впервые выступил с докладом на международной конференции.
8. Было сделано заключение, к которому следует добавить несколько примеров.
9. Следует много читать, чтобы быть способным ответить на любой вопрос.
10. Неизвестно, где это явление было описано впервые.
11. Аспирант отвечал так, как будто не был уверен в том, что говорит.
12. В статье приводятся примеры различных методов, которые использовались на протяжении многих лет.
13. Научный руководитель не был удовлетворен работой аспиранта, хотя диссертация была завершена в срок.
14. Так как прибор сломался, эксперимент не мог продолжаться.
15. Ему не пришлось выступить на конференции, поскольку материалы доклада не были представлены вовремя.