II. Put the words and phrases in the box in the correct places in the sentences.

the rate of fuel use	hot water temperature	the tubing
the combustion of fuel	the burners and combustion process.	a regulated, efficient, and safe manner
the hot combustion gasses	a heat exchanger	the boiler feedwater
a bank of tubes	fluid	steam pressure

1. The combustion chamber, usually made of cast iron or steel, houses …

2. The exhaust stack or flue is the piping that conveys … away from the boiler to the outside.

3. Boiler controls help produce hot water or steam in …

4. Combustion and operating controls regulate … to meet the demand.

5. The main operating control monitors … or ….

6. Furnace is an enclosed space provided for ….

7. All of … surrounding the furnace is called heat transfer surface.

8. A boiler drum is a unit, which is rated at a certain temperature and pressure to force…into the vapor phase (steam).

9. Superheaters are essentially … used to heat the steam above the saturation temperature.

10. Downcomer is a tube or pipe in a boiler circulating system through which … flows downward.

11. Economizer is … that transfers heat from the gases of the combustion to the Boiler Feedwater.

III. Match the words on the left with definitions on the right.

a. air heater	1. A part of the steam boiler that burns fuel is the ... .
b. boiler	2. A device of the boiler that heats the feed water is the ... .
c. condenser	3. A part of the steam power plant that converts water into steam is the ... .
d. economizer	4. A device of the steam boiler that heats the steam is the ... .
e. feed pump	5. A device of the steam boiler that heats the air for combustion is the ... .
f. furnace	6. A device of the steam power plant that converts steam into water is the ... .
g. screen	7. A device of the steam power plant that supplies the water to the boiler is the ... .
h. superheater	8. A part of the steam boiler that protects the furnace walls from high temperatures is the ... .

IV. Fill in…

Give a short description of the purpose that the boiler parts serve.

Part of the boiler	Purpose it serves
steam drum
water drum
headers
downcomers
generating tubes
superheater
economizer
boiler safety controls
heat transfer surface
furnace

V. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Современный котел состоит из следующих основных узлов:

· корпус с поверхностью нагрева;

· каркас и фундамент;

· обмуровка;

· изоляция и обшивка;

· внутрибарабанное устройство;

· водяной экономайзер;

· пароперегреватель и пароохладитель;

· топка с топочным устройством;

· воздухоподогреватель с воздухопроводами;

· дымоходы с дымовой трубой;

· арматура и контрольно-измерительные приборы.

2. Все котлы имеют топку или камеру сгорания, в которую для осуществления процесса сгорания подается воздух.

3. Энергия сгораемого топлива в виде теплоты передается воде через поверхность, разделяющую топку котла и его водяное пространство.

4. Эта поверхность имеет большую площадь для более интенсивной передачи теплоты нагреваемой воде.

5. Котел должен иметь барабан или коллектор, в котором пар и вода отделяются один от другого.

6. Необходимо иметь ряд приборов и устройств для того, чтобы подача топлива, воздуха и питательной воды в котел производилась в оптимальный пропорции.

7. Необходимы также приспособления и устройства для обеспечения безопасной работы котла.

8. В процессе парообразования питательная вода, поступающая в котел, нагревается и превращается в пар.

9. Вода циркулирует между паровым и водяным коллекторами и в процессе циркуляции нагревается.

10. Часть воды проходит по трубкам, окружающим топку, т. е. по боковым и донным трубкам экрана, в которых она нагревается, и возвращается в паровой коллектор. В коллекторе пар отделяется от воды и может быть взят оттуда для дальнейшего использования.

UNIT 5

BOILERS ACCESSORIES

Boilers Accessories are auxiliary plants or parts required for steam boilers for their operation and to increase efficiency of the boiler. Following accessories are commonly used with boiler:

1. Feed pumps

2. Injector

3. Economizer

4. Air preheater

5. Superheater

6. Steam separator

7. Steam trap.

Superheaters

A superheater is a device found in steam boilers that is used to convert wet, saturated steam into dry steam. Superheaters are a very beneficial part of the steam cycle, because dry steam contains more thermal energy and increases the overall efficiency of the cycle. The function of superheater is to increase the temperature of the steam generated by boiler above its saturation point, using the hot flue or exhaust gases coming from the combustion chamber of the furnace. Super heaters are heat exchangers.

Superheaters are essentially a bank of tubes, in the exhaust gas duct after the boiler, used to heat the steam above the saturation temperature. The saturated steam enters the inlet header from piping connected to the steam drum. In a superheater, the saturated steam flows from the saturated header through the superheater elements into the superheater outlet header.

Superheaters are referred to as convection, radiant, or combination types.