Chapter 3. Grammatical function of the genitive case. Prepositional genitive case
Р с
3.1.
Lntroduction
ln conjunction with prepositions the genitive case grea creases its тшпоег of meanings. When цвео with prepositions it са note place, directions of movement, time of actions, cause and rea well as а пшпоег of other relationships. А preposition is а оап of s which expresses the relationship of one word to апоптег Russian pre! tion governs а noun or pronoun in an oЫique case. Prepositions са non-derivational and derivational.
Non-derivational prepositions are primary prepositions. Derivational prepositionsmay Ье subdivided in the following wa
imple adverblal prepositions,derived from adverbs
simple nominal prepositions,derived from nouns in an oЫique~ simple verbal prepositions,derived from verbs
complex prepositionsderived from:
а) an adverb + primary preposition;
Ь) primary preposition + noun in oЫique case;
с) primary preposition + noun in an oЬ/ique case + primary prepos
tion;
d) gerund + primary preposition.
Simple primary prepositions
Primary prepositions do not have any semantic or morpholo~1 connections with the words from which they derived.
безwithout
З.1.2.
DouЫe priп1ary prepositions
pr in,arypr 1 -ро.чпопэ consi~~t of two sнпрlе prirлar
itior1s.
из-за з-под по-нэ1д а-;ради ·••ЭД
frorп t ~l 'hir1d тгогп L1ndt.ч·
[оп- 1. Ь\· 01rchaic)
( arch, нс)
З.т.з.
Imple adverblal prepositions
| для | for |
| до | until, as far as |
| из | outof |
| кроме | except for |
| между | between |
| от | from |
N
Simplt- . idv• ·rЬi,:11 рпэроьШопе are adverbs whict1 lкtvc lost tl1ei1 lexical гпеагипсэ 1nd h, tVt' Ьесогпе indicators or relations betweeп поцп
, d other рапз of а зеп« -псе. They аге classed аз derivatior1al prepositions. However, not all adverbs lose their lexical meanings to the same extt int when used in this way. Adverbs близ - near, среди - amonghav lost their own lexical meanings, ceased to Ье adverbs and became prepoвпюпз. Adverbs около - nearand мимо - pastretained their own lexical meanings. They function as adverbs and with nouns in genitive case they function as prepositions. The new prepositions formed from adverbs аге known as adverЬial prepositions. AII adverЬial prepositions ( except for близ - near, вокруг - around, около - near, помимо - besides, посреди - in the midst of, посредине ( посередине)- in the middle, против - opposite, сверх - above)have а single meaning and correspond to the lexical meaning of the corresponding асverb.
Близ
вблизи вдоль* взамен вместо
near close to along
in exchange for instead of
The preposition радиmay precede or follow the noun it refers to.
RUSSIAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE
е
еоед оде
асательно ( colloquial)
~иа.11Q
аверх
Около
ок р-уг( archaic) относительно поверх
nодпе( archaic) позади помимо поперёк
осле посредине посередине)* ( colloquial) посреди* прежд
ротив сбоку сверх свыше" сзади снизу среди
outside
at the foot of, at the Ьоцоm 0 inside (indicating а location) inside (indicating а directio close to
around
in front of like
touching, concerning past
on the top of on the eve of opposite near
around
with regard to
over the top, on the top of Ьу the side of
behind
besides
across
after
in the middle
in the midst of before opposite
from one side, on one side ~ьоvе
over, more than behind
from below among
п
imole nominal prepositions
Prepositions derived from nouns in oЫique case retain tt1e lexical
of the order of
Ьу means of
Ьу means of
type of
. 1.5. Simple verbal prepositions
Simple verbal prepositions are derived from verbs ( gerund) and srngular meanings which are based on the lexical meaning of the corresponding verb. Simple verbal prepositions which are followed Ьу gen11ive case аге:
не доходяnot reaching, before reaching
Считая считая
not counting counting
Complex prepositions
Complex prepositions may Ье adverЬial, nominal and verbal.
complex adverblal prepositionconsists of an adverb and а primary preposition: вблиэи от- close to.
complex nominal prepositionmay consist of а primary preposion and а noun in oЫique case: в адрес- in address to,or it may consist of primary preposition, а noun in oЫique case and а primary preposition: ависимости от- depending on.
complex verbal prepositionconsists of gerund and а primary Position: исходя из- concluding from.
Порядка- а new preposition which is used in colloquial speech.
FNIT111c:-. ,-..~ --
3. 2. 1. Complex adverblal prepositions (an adverb+ primary preposition)
ln complex adverЬial preposition it is the primary preposition which determines the function of а complex adverЬial preposition.
вблизи отclose to
вдалеке от вдали от впредь до* вплоть до* наискось от невдалеке от независимо от
far from far from until
right up to oЫiquely/crosswise from not far from
irrespective of