Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions

The principal grammatical шпспоп of the genitive case is the expres­sion of the noun phrase modifier. The genitive case always indicates the exrend of the participation of а given object in а certain эпцапоп, it signals the degree of objectification of the entity in а given context or presents а thing or а person as somehow limited or even completely eliminated.

Дdnominal genitive 2.1.1. Ownership/possession

The genitive case of possession and relationship is usually found in noun phrases.

lt is цвео to denote а possessor or an owner of an object ( or to answer the questions: чей? чья? чьё? чьи? - whose?)

Это словарь моего друга.This is my friend's dictionary.

(Чей это словарь? - Мое го друга.)Whose dictionary is it? - Му friend's.)

Это картина русского художника.This is Russian artist's paint­ing. (This is а painting Ьу а Russian artist.)

(Чья это картина? - Русского художника.)(Whose painting is it?- Russian artist's.)

Это письмо моей сестры.This is my sister' s letter.

(Чьё это письмо? - Моей сестры.)(Whose letter is it? - Му sister's.)

Это работы наших студентов.These are our students' works. (Чьи это работы? - Наших студентов.)(Whose works аге these? - Our students'.)

N.Ryall

RUSSIAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND ИSAGE



Relatio

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

2.1.2.2. о· ·

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

о

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

sed to denote а relationship ог а member щ а oun (answers ·the quest:ioп чего? - о! Yma'

гаа member of а commit1ee

ассаа student of our class

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

2.1.2 ...

опо

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Es of quality or prope

sed to ascribe attrihutes о' quality ог property то an отеап ouject·towhichЛ·,•юm s•.,ch attributes аге ascribed( ой? какая? ка- ое? какие? - what

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

агазин подарков.This is а gift shop.

акой это магазин? - Подарков.)(What kind of а shopis 1n snop.)

эго Институт иностранных языков.This is the lnstituteof

ститут? - Иностранных языков.}( яше is it? - Foreign Languages.)

Это здание нового университета.This is the new univ1 buildin~.

(Какое это здание? - Нового университета.)(Which 1s it? - The пе-.•, university.)

Нас интересуют резулыаты экзаменов.We аге interes inations results.

(Какие резулыаты/результаты чего нас интересуют?­заменов.) (What results аге we interested in? - Examinations

-~-~----

NB:А поцп in the genitive case preceded Ьу an adjective is often usю

derюte а quality or property nf а person or an object:

Открытие необыкновенной важности.An extraordinat impo1'tзnt discovery.

Места наших прошлых встреч.Places of our past те,

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

2.1.2 .....

2.

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

онец а о

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Omp

on

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

1nnir1g от а so, corner of the mirror

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

CI

lt is used to denote. the весопо itom in а com

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

rэse ..•.

По-моему, история интереснее географии.ln my ore interesting than geog,aphy. дней больше Бризбена.Sydney i

2.1

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Nt/object of action

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

n .....

Тпе асегп of action

ублике понравилось выступление певца.Th performance.

Студентам понравилась лекция профессора Никитина.Тпе studeots liked orofessor Nikitin's lecture.

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru

RUSSI,

Chapter 2. ,Grammatical functions of the genitive case. Uses of genitive case without prepositions - student2.ru



The object of action

The genitive case is used to denote the object of an .

process indicated Ьу а noun. ~

Приготовление обедазанимает много времени 0

. • 1~

preparation takes а lot of пгпе.

в понедельник будут выборы председателя.The electioo the chairman will take place on Monday.

2.1.5.

Easure and quantit

The genitive case геэйаез а variety of meanings associated the concepts of quan~ity апс measure.

2.1.5.1. The exact quantityкилограмм яблок

а kilogram of apples

семь карандашейseven pencils

Genitive singular is used to denote quantity after the numerals two (два), three (три)and four (четыре)and genitive plural is used denote quantity after the numeral five (пять)and above.

два столаtwo taЫes

два словаtwo words

две книгиtwo books

три стола, слова, книгиthree taЫes, words, books

четыре стола, слова, книгиfour taЫes, words, books пять столов, елов, книгfive taЫes, words, books

NB:After the numeral one (один, одна, одно)the nominative~ singular is used when the noun expresses а subject. \Nhen thenoor expresses ап object the accusative singular is used for masculi~ inanimate or neuter gender ( один, одно),for masculine animare (одного)and forfeminiпe gender noun (одну).Atterthenumeral! two (два, две), three (три)and four( четыре)as well as thef composites (32, 73, etc.) and both (оба, обе)thegenitivesingu~w is used. The use of а grammatical case nominative, the genitive5in·gular or genitive plural is determined Ьу the last digitin а complei number.

For ехатр/е:

three hundred and twenty one

books

four hundred and twenty two

books

five hundred and rvventy three books

seven hundred and twenty юцг books

seven hundred and twenty seven books

Lndefinite quantity

lt is цэес with the words expressing an indefinite quantity such asthe пouns: большинство-mаjоritу, меньшинство-minоritу, множество- multitude;indefine numerals: мало- few/little, много- many, несколько- several, столько- so many;interrogative numeral: сколько- how manyand with an adverb: достаточно- enough.

большинство студентовmajority of students

меньшинство студентовмало студентов

много студентовмножество примеровнесколько секундсколько лет

столько вопросовдостаточно примеров

триста двадцать одна книга

четыреста двадцать две книги

пятьсот двадцать три книги

семьсот двадцать четыре книги

семьсот двадцать семь книг

minority of students

а few students

many students multitude of examples several seconds

how many years / how old so many questions enough examples

NB:The nouns modifying the words denoting indefinite quantity are used in the genitive plural except for the material поцпв, that have no plu­ral: мало молока- а little milk, много сахару- а lot of sugar, мало муки- а little flour.

N.~

RUSSIAN GEN/ТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE



2.1.5.3. Genitive plural after words denoting collective notionsExpressed Ьу collective nouns: букет цветовгруппа студентовкоманда футболистовмешочек конфетпара туфель

а bunch of flowers а group of students а football team

а small bag of sweets

стая птиц

Expressed Ьу collective numerals: трое друзей

двое детей

четверо детей

The partitive genitive

а pair of shoes а flock of Ьirds

three friends two childrer1 four children

This type of genitive can Ье found in а great number of syntacti­cal constructions presenting an object as somehow limited, complete~ eliminated or indefinite.

У Нины мало свободного време ни.Nina has little free time.

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