For example for instance namely

a) Study the following pattern sentences and learn to distinguish between «for example» and «namely»:

There are quite a few problems which are referred to as global: for example, food, population, energy, etc.

We discussed two problems: namely, food and population.

b) Complete each of the following with «for example» or «namely»:

1) There are several techniques which I use in my experiments: ...

2) There are two foreign languages that I’d like to master: ...

3) My supervisor assists me in many ways: ...

4) I have to take three exams: ...

1.3.3. Answer the following questions giving your opinion, exam-ples, details. You may use the following:

In my view ...

In my opinion ...

I think that ...

I suppose that ...

to give you an example ...

for example ...

that is to say ...

1) What in your view is the purpose of a postgraduate course?

2) At the end of the postgraduate course many young people become self-reliant scientists, don’t they?

3) I suppose there are some significant developments in your branch of science, what are they?

4) Would you agree that the language of mathematics is universal, and no science can develop fruitfully without using mathematics?

5) I suppose your thesis is developing successfully?

1.3.4. (A) Complete the following sentences:

1. My field of research is ...

2. The problem I am studying concerns …

study … investigate …

I do research …

carry out an investigation of … undertake a study of …

		the activity
		the function
		the nature
	studying	the structure
I am engaged in	investigating	the effects	of
	researching into	the action
		the causes
		the influence
		the properties

					to find out …
					to discover …
3. The main aim of my investigation					to obtain …
The chief purpose of my work		is			to assess …
The primary objective of my research					to demonstrate …
					to show …
					to test …
					to check …
					to verify …
4. The problem I am trying to solve		is			…
The problem I am studying

interesting fascinating important

The investigation I am carrying out is of practical importance of fundamental value

involves certain difficulties presents some difficulties

				turn for help to	my supervisor
				turn for advice to	my colleagues
5. In my work I		consult with	my fellow workers
				discuss things with	co-workers
				consult standard reference books
						to determine the parameters of
						to examine facts about / questions
						concerning …
						to measure the rate of / the amount of
						…
	carry out					to obtain data on …
6. I	make		experiments		to test the validity of …
	perform							the idea
						to confirm		the theory	that
								the hypothesis
						to provide evidence for …
						to reveal the causes of …
						to find out whether …

			good
			strong					showing
	to give	sufficient					suggesting
7. I managed	to present	convincing		evidence	indicating	that
	to provide	interesting		data			which show(s)
	to obtain	important					suggest(s)
			promising					indicate(s)
			reliable
		is			certain		theoretical importance
8. This evidence	seem(s) to be	of	some		practical interest
These data		are			great		experimental value

9. The techniques I use / apply are as follows: ...

10. The procedure I follow in my experiments is like this: …

11. The facilities I need for my work include: ...

(B) Restate the following questions:

PATTERN: What education did you get? Could you tell me

Would you tell us what education you got? I’d like to know

I wonder

1) What is your branch of science?

2) What is your field of research?

3) What are your scientific interests?

4) What activities does your programme of study and research in-

clude?

5) What are the basic requirements for a higher degree thesis?

6) How does your supervisor assist you?

7) What techniques do you use in carrying out your experiments?

8) How is your thesis developing?

(C) Answer the restated questions using «for example» and «namely» to give details.

(D) You are having a talk with your fellow-students. Ask them about their research and tell them about the research you are doing.

1.3.5. Prepare interviews with your fellow-students on the follow-ing topics. Use the key words in brackets to guide your conversation. You may introduce your questions using:

First of all I’d like to know ...

Then, I’m interested in ...

I also wonder ...

And finally, could you please tell me ...

1. A postgraduate programme of study and research:

(study, reading, seminar, colloquium, examination, investigation, publication, thesis).

2. A higher degree thesis:

(topic, draft, originality, application, submission, acceptance, de-fence, award, degree).

3. Research publications:

(article, paper, report, abstract, contribution, co-author, joint publication). 4. Research:

(theoretical background, investigation, skills, techniques, procedures, hypothesis, data, correlation, computation, facilities, equipment).

5. Supervision:

(assistance, advice, discussion, criticism, problem, review, comment, publication).