Побочные и токсические эффекты.

Острая интоксикация литием

Schou M. The recognition and management of lithium intoxication. In: Johnson FN, ed. Handbook of lithium therapy. Lancaster, England: MTP Press, 1980.

Simard M, Gumbiner B, Lee A, et al. Lithium carbonate intoxication: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149:36.

Действие лития на почки

Battle DC, von Riotte AB, Gavira M, et al. Amelioration of polyuria by amiloride in patients receiving long-term lithium therapy. N Engl J Med 1985; 312:408.

Bendz H, Aurell M, Balldin J, et al. Kidney damage in long-term lithium patients: a cross-sectional study of patients with 15 years or more on lithium. Nephrol Dialysis Transplant 1994; 9:1250.

Bowen RC, Grof P, Grof E. Less frequent lithium administration and lower urine volume. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148:189.

De Paulo JR Jr, Correa El, Sapir DG. Renal function and lithium: a longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:892.

Hetmar О, Brun С, Clemmsen L, et al. Lithium: long-term effects on the kidney: II. Structural changes. J Psychiatr Res 1987; 21:279.

Hetmar O, Clemmsen L, Ladefoged J, et al. Lithium: long-term effects on the kidney: III. Prospective study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 75:251.

Kosten TR, Forrest JN. Treatment of severe lithium-induced polyuria with amiloride. Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:1563.

Plenge P, Raaelson OJ. Lithium treatment: Does the kidney prefer one daily dose instead of two? Acta Psychiatr Scand 1982; 66:121.

Wood IK, Parmelee DX, Foreman JW. Lithium induced nephrotic syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:84.

Неврологическая токсичность

Apte SN, Langston JW. Permanent neurological deficits due to lithium toxicity. Ann Neurol 1983; 13:452.

Engelsmann F, Katz J, Ghadirian AM, et al. Lithium and memory: a long-term follow-up study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988; 8:207.

Joffe RT, MacDonald C, Kutcher SP. Lack of differential cognitive effects of lithium and carbamazepine in bipolar affective disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988; 8:425.

Saul RF, Hamberger HA, Selhorst JB. Pseudotumor cerebri secondary to lithium carbonate. JAMA 1985; 253:2869.

Schou M. Long-lasting neurological sequelae after lithium intoxication. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1984; 70:594.

Другие побочные эффекты

Deandrea D, Walker N, Mehlmauer M, et al. Dermatological reactions to lithium: a critical review of the literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1982; 2:199.

Franks RD, Dubovsky SL, Lifshitz M, et al. Long-term lithium carbonate therapy causes hyperparathyroidism. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39:1074.

Garland EJ, Remick RA, Zis AP. Weight gain with antidepressants and lithium. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988; 8:323.

Lyman GH, Williams CC, Dinwoodie WR, et al. Sudden death in cancer patients receiving lithium. J Clin Oncol 1984; 2:1270.

Mitchell JE, Mackenzie ТВ. Cardiac effects of lithium therapy in man: a review. J Clin Psychiatry 1982; 43:47.

Susman VL, Adonizio G. Reintroduction of neuroleptic malignant syndrome by lithium. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7:339.

Yassa R, Saunders A, Nastase C, et al. Lithium-induced thyroid disorders: a prevalence study. J Clin Psychiatry 1988; 48:14.

Лекарственные взаимодействия.

Miller F, Menmger J. Lithium-neuroleptic neurotoxicity is dose dependent. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7:89.

Ragheb M. The clinical significance of lithium-nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug interactions. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 10:350.

Применение при беременности.

Cohen LS, Friedman JM, Jefferson JW, et al. A reevaluation of risk of in utero exposure to lithium. JAMA 1994; 271:146.

Zalstein E, Koren G, Einarson T, Freedom RM. A case control study on the association between 1st trimester exposure to lithium and Ebstein's anomaly. Am J Cardiol 1990; 65:817.

Вальпроевая кислота.

Применение при биполярном расстройстве

Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC. et al. Efficacy of divalproex vs. lithum and placebo in the treatment of mania. JAMA 1994; 271:918.

Bowden CL, Brugger AM, Swann AC, et al. Efficacy of divalproex vs. lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania The Depakote Mania Study Group. JAMA 1994; 271:918.

Calabrese JR, Markovitz P, Kimmel SE, et al. Spectrum of efficacy of valproate in 78 rapid-cycling bipolar patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1992; 12(suppl):53.

Swann AC, Bowden CL, Calabrese JR, et al. Differential effect of number of previous episodes of affective disorder on response to lithium or divalproex in acute mania. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1264.

Swann AC, Bowden CL, Morris D, et al. Depression during mania. Treatment response to lithium or divalproex. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54:37.

Побочные и токсические эффекты

Dreifuss FE. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities: revised table. Neurology 1989; 39:1558.

Dreifuss FE, Langer DH, Moline KA, et al. Valproic acid hepatic fatalities. II: U.S. experience since 1984. Neurology 1989; 39:201.

Smith MC, Black TP. Convulsive disorders: toxicity of anticonvulsants. Clin Pharmacol 1991; 14:97.

Wisner KL, Perel JM. Serum levels of valproate and carbamazepine in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 18:167.

Карбамазепин.

Применение при биполярном расстройстве

Lusznat RM, Murphy DP, Nunn CMH. Carbamazepine vs. lithium in the treatment and prophylaxis of mania. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 153:198.

Placidi GF, Lenzi A, Lazzerini F, et al. The comparative efficacy and safety of carbamazepine versus lithium: a randomized double-blind three-year trial in 83 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1986; 47:490.

Small JG, Klapper MH, Milstein V, et al. Carbamazepine compared with lithium in the treatment of mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48:915.

Stuppaeck C, Barnas C, Miller C, et al. Carbamazepine in the prophylaxis of mood disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1990; 10:39.

Применение при других психических заболеваниях

Malcolm R, Ballenger JC, Sturgis ET, et al. Double-blind controlled trial comparing carbamazepine to oxazepam treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 1989; 146:617.

Schweizer E, Rickels K, Case WG, et al. Carbamazepine treatment in patients discontinuing long-term benzodiazepine therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48:448.

Sramek J, Herrera J, Costa J, et al. A carbamazepine trial in chronic treatment refractory schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:748.

Uhde TW, Stein MB, Post RM. Lack of efficacy of carbamazepine in the treatment of panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:1104.

Побочные и токсические эффекты

Hart RG, Easton JD. Carbamazepine and hematological monitoring. Ann Neurol 1982; 11:309.

Heh CWC, Sramek J, Herrera J, et al. Exacerbation of psychosis after discontinuation of carbamazepine treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:878.

Joffe RT, MacDonald C, Kutcher SP. Lack of differential cognitive effects of lithium and carbamazepine in bipolar affective disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988; 8:425.

Joffe RT, Post RM, Roy-Byrne PP, et al. Hematological effects of carbamazepine in patients with affective illness. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142:1196.

Roy-Byrne PP, Joffe RT, Uhde TW, et al. Carbamazepine and thyroid function in affectively ill patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41:1150.

Trimble MR, Thompson PJ. Anticonvulsant drugs, cognitive function, and behavior. Epilepsia 1983; 24(suppl 1):55.

Лекарственные взаимодействия

Arana GW, Goff D, Friedman H, et al. Does carbamazepine induced lowering of haloperidol levels worsen psychotic symptoms? Am J Psychiatry 1986; 143:650.

Ketter ТА, Post RM, Worthington K. Principles of clinically important drug interactions with carbamazepine: Parts I and II. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991; 11:198.

Применение при беременности

Altshuler LL, Cohen L, Szuba MP, et al. Pharmacologic management of psychiatric illness during pregnancy dilemmas and guidelines. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 152:592.

Jones KL, Johnson KA, Adams J. Pattern of malformations in children of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1661.

Rosa FW. Spina bifida in infants of women treated with carbamazepine during pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:674.