II. Лексический минимум по темеInfectious Diseases
Выучите следующие слова:
lack[lаек] v нехватать, недоставать; п недостаток,нехватка, отсутствие.
relative ['relativ] а относительный; relativetosmth относительно чего-л., по поводу чего-л. Relative association was established in those two cases.
previous ['pri;vjas] апредшествующий, предыдущий.
injure [lind33] v повреждать, поражать, травмировать.
inject [in'd3ekt] v вводить (лекарство); делать инъекцию.
subcutaneous ['sAbkju'teinjas] а подкожный.
employ [im'ploi] v применять, использовать
IV. Базовый текст
Прочтите и устно переведите текст.
Immunity
Infectious diseases are known to be caused by the invasion and growth of microorganisms in the human body. Infection may result from direct contact with patients or from indirect one.
But the human organism is known to have a specific capacity of resistance against infection, which is called immunity, it being natural and artificial. Under various conditions it may be entirely lacking, it may be relative, rarely it may be absolute. A previous attack of an infectious disease produces a more or less permanent protection against its subsequent infection.
In the course of their growth in the body many pathogenic microorganisms produce virulent poisons or toxins, they causing the characteristic symptoms of a particular disease. To meet the infection the cells of the body produce a chemical antidote which is specific for this particular infection and is known as an antitoxin. If the patient can produce a sufficient amount of this antidote to neutralize the toxins before the vital organs are injured recovery occurs. If the human body had not this capacity we should suffer from all infectious diseases.
If the toxin can be isolated from bacterial cultures and injected into men an artificial immunity can be produced which results from the formation of antitoxin.
The cellular elements of the tissues also take an active part in the protection of the organism against the infection. The presence of any infection usually produces leucocytosis and bacteria in the tissues are surrounded by white cells or phagocytes which prevent the spread of bacteria destroying them.
If the reaction against invading bacteria is insufficient, vaccines may be injected subcutaneously to produce a more active resistance of the protective mechanisms of the body. Vaccines are employed not only to contribute to the treatment of a disease, but to establish an active artificial immunity.
Выберите предложения, относящиеся к тексту.
1. a) Artificial immunity results from prophylactic vaccination, b) Artificial immunity is due to the formation of specific antitoxins. 2. a) Immunity may vary depending on various conditions, b) Immunity may be present only in certain persons. 3. a) Toxins produce the characteristic symptoms of a particular infectious disease, b) Some microorganisms, like mucobacterium tuberculosis, produce little or no toxin during growth.
Закончите предложения
1. Infection may result…
2. The human organism has a specific capacity…
3. A previous attack of an infectious disease produces….
4. The cells of the body produce…
5. The cellular elements of the tissues…
6. Vaccines establish…
VI. Домашнее задание к следующему занятию.
1. Выучить грамматический материал урока 13.
2. Выучить лексику по теме Infectious Diseases
VII. Контроль.
Устный опрос.
Список основной литературы
1. Маслова, Алевтина Макаровна. Английский язык для медицинских вузов : учебник / А. М. Маслова. - 5-е изд.,испр. - М. : ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014. - 336 с.
2. Кондратьева, Виолетта Александровна. Немецкий язык для обучающихся-медиков : учебник / В. А. Кондратьева, Л. Н. Григорьева. - 2-е изд., испр. . - М. : ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2012. - 400 с. : ил.
3. Евсюкова, Т. В. Английский язык [Электронный ресурс] : учебник / Т. В. Евсюкова, С. И. Локтева . - 2-е изд,. стереотип. - М. : ФЛИНТА; МПСИ, 2011. - 358 с.
4. Гильфанова, Ф. Х. Немецкий язык [Электронный ресурс] : учебное пособие / Ф. Х. Гильфанова, Р. Т. Гильфанов . - 2-е изд., стереотип. - Б. м. : ФЛИНТА, 2012. - 320 с.
5. Муравейская, М. С. Английский язык для медиков [Электронный ресурс] : учебное пособие / М. С. Муравейская, Л. К. Орлова. - 11-е изд. - М. : ФЛИНТА, 2011. - 384 с.
6. Английский язык. EnglishinDentistry : учебник / Л. Ю. Берзегова [и др.] ; ред. Л. Ю. Берзегова. - 2-е изд., испр. и доп. - М. : ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2013. - 360 с. : ил.