Fig. 2. Full sanitary processing in a bath and under a shower

If needed after a bath a patient should have his nails on fingers and toes cut.

If the patient is in a satisfactory state, anthopometry is carried out(weight, height and chest circumference measurement).

Anthopometry is a complex of methods and techniques use to measure a human body (Greek “ anthropos” – human, and “metreo” - measure).

Weighing of a patientis carried out on his admittance to hospital, then weekly and finally when on his release. Body weight is paid much attention to, for in case of grave debilitating diseases an increase in body weight testifies to the improvement of the patient’s state, and in case of obesity a decrease in body weight points at the correctness of the prescribed treatment. With heart failures an increase in body weight is a bad sign (liquid accumulation in an organism), and weight loss is good (reduction of hypostases). Body weight is measured by means of medical balance/scales. This procedure should always be carried out under certain conditions: in the morning, with an empty stomach, after evacuation of bowels and a urinary bladder, in underwear.

Human height is measured with a height meter ростомера, consisting of a bar with a centimeter scale and a freely moving height-finder. The patient’s heels, buttocks and nape should touch the bar, and the head should be in such a position as to let antilobluiti and the external corner of an eye-socket be on one (horizontal) line.

To measure chest circumference a measuring tapeisapplied in the following way: in the back it touches the inferior angle of scapula and in front - the level of IV rib (for men - under nipples).

Arrangement
of the treatment section

Treatment(therapeutic) section of hospital includes the following premises:

1. Ward;

2. Lavatory (a bathroom, shower, toilet);

3. Buffet for dispensation of food and canteen for patients;

4. Procedure units;

5. Manipulation units (lavement unit);

6. Offices for doctors (staff lounge) and the head of the department;

7. Linen-room for storing clean underwear and bed-clothes.

Wards are equipped with necessary furniture: beds, bedside-tables, chairs, refrigerator for storing products, one common table.

Nursing unit. A unit is set up for every 25-30 beds. It must contain a cabinet with locked drawers, an armchair, a case and a refrigerator for storing medicines, a safe, a case for storing items of care, a mobile little table for dispensation of medicines. The unit should be provided with communication means with seriously ill patients (a light board, a bell), local telecommunication, a list of official telephones.

Medical - protective mode

Medical - protective mode

is a complex of preventive and remedial measures aimed at maintaining maximal physical and mental rest for patients. Establishing and maintaining such a mode is part of duties for all medical personnel.

It includes the following elements:

1. Maintaining a mode of sparing the patients’ psyche;

2. Strict following the regulations of day-plan;

3. Maintaining rational physical activity mode.

Psychological peace of the patient is achieved by silence in the treatment section (quiet talking, no cleaning premises during patients’ rest time in the afternoon or at night, no listening to the radio or watching TV with the volume up). The interior design must be corresponding: quiet pastel tones of wall paint, upholstered furniture in halls, flowers. And of course, the main principles of medical ethics should be observed.

It is necessary make the patients observe the day-plan in the treatment section and never violate it by themselves: patients must not be woken up ahead of the established time, the TV in recreation hall should be switched off on time, and after 22 o’clock radio receivers and TV sets in wards should be switched off too.

The day-plan creates favorable conditions for recovery of patients since if it is observed patients are fed in due time, medical prescriptions and sanitary –hygienic measures are carried out precisely. The mode of day provides the following:

7.00	a wakening
7.00 - 7.30	body temperature measurement
7.30 - 8.00	morning toilet
8.00 - 8.30	dispensation of medicines
8.30 - 9.30	breakfast
9.30 - 12.00	doctor's rounds
12.00 - 14.00	Execution of the doctor’s prescriptions
14.00 - 14.30	lunch
14.30 - 16.30	rest-hour
16.30 - 17.00	body temperature measurement
17.00 - 17.30	5 o’clock tea
17.30 - 19.00	relatives’ visits
19.00 - 19.30	dispensation of medicines
19.30 - 20.00	supper
20.00 - 21.30	free time
21.30 - 22.00	evening toilet
22.00 - 7.00	sleep

An important element of a medical - protective mode is rational restriction of the patients’ physical activity of. First of all it concerns patients with serious diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, inveterate stages of chronic blood circulation insufficiency, a hypertensic crisis, etc. In such cases even an insignificant increase in physical activity can lead to an increase of functional load on the target affected organ (heart, brain, etc.) and aggravate the patient’s condition.

In medical establishments 4 modes of physical activity of patients are usually maintained:

1. strict bed regime;

2. bed regime;

3.ward regime;

4. general regime(out-of-ward).

The position of the patient in bed in depends to a great deal on the severity and character of his illness. In case a patient can get up from bed on his own, walk, and sit up his state is referred to as active. The state of a patient incapable of moving independently, turning, or raising his head and hands is referred to as passive. The position, which the patient takes independently, trying to relieve his suffering, is referred to as compelled (fig. 3).

Whatever state an inpatient is in he spends most of his time in bed. Therefore the patient’s well-being and recovery are greatly conditioned by bed comfort. It is desirable, that the bed be made of a material easy to wash and process. It should be sufficiently large in size. To place a patient on chairs or other subsidiary means is strictly forbidden. In wards beds should be placed at a distance no less than 1,5 m from each other with the head end to a wall. For convenient moving beds should have wheels. When legs of a bed have no wheels, special supports are used with the help of which it can be moved.