XVIII. Read Text D and say what data important for a future doctor are given in it. What will you try to remember?

Text D. The Heart Sounds

When we listen to the heart, we can hear two sounds. The third sound is also heard in some young persons before the age of 30.

The first heart sound is the longest one. It is heard at the moment of contraction of the ventricles when the atrio-ventricular valves close.

The second sound lasts for a shorter period of time. It is heard at the moment when the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close.

The third heart sound is heard when the blood is passing from the atria into the ventricles.

The first and the second cardiac sounds are heard over all the portions of the heart and often over the large vessels. The first heart sound is greater over the surface of the ventricles and it is the greatest over the surface of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The second heart sound is heard loudest over the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

Heart sounds are also heard over some portions of the chest. Normally the first heart sound is heard best over the apex of the heart in the fifth costal interspace. The second sound is heard best over the pulmonary artery and the aorta, that is in the second left and right costal interspaces. The aortic sound is normally louder than the pulmonic sound.

The heart sounds are very important in the clinical diagnosis, and the doctors determine many cardiac diseases by heart sounds.

XIX. Answer the questions on Text D:

How many heart sounds do we hear when we listen to the heart?

When is the first heart sound heard? 3. When is the second heart sound heard? 4. At what moment is the third heart sound heard? 5. Where is the first heart sound heard louder? 6. Over the surface of what valves is the first heart sound heard loudest? 7. Where is the second heart sound heard loudest?

In which costal interspaces is the first heart sound heard best? 9. In which costal interspaces is the second heart sound heard best? 10. Which of the two sounds - the aortic or the pulmonic - is louder normally? 11. What do heart sounds help the doctors to determine?

UNIT 2. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION

Правила чтения: буквосочетания ew, eu, ue; буква u после r, l, j.

Словообразование: суффикс -ian; префиксы di-, a-, ab-, be-, com-, con-, pre-, de-, ex-, per-.

Грамматика: cогласование времен. Бессоюзные придаточные предложения.

LESSON 19

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

Запомните:

1. Буквосочетания eu, ew, ue читаются [ju:], а после букв r, l, j - [u:]: new [nju:] новый; true [tru:]правильный; blue [blu:] голубой, синий.

2. Буква u после r, l, j читается [u:]: rule [ru:l] правило; lunar ['lu:nə] лунный; junior ['eu:njə]младший.

3. -ian является суффиксом: а) прилагательных и б) существительных. После ss или с суффикс -ian читается [ʃn]: Russian ['rAʃn] русский.

4. Префикс dis-образует слова со значением, противоположным корню: to appear появляться - to disappear исчезать.

На префиксы a-, ab-, be-, corn-, con-, de-, ex-, per-, pre-ударение не падает.

I. Прочтите следующие слова:

а) few, news, tissue, newspaper, hue, dew, stew, flew, grew, Tuesday, drew, true, clue, due;

б) June, revolution, solution, conclusion, truly, truth, delusion, delute, juice.

II. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова:

а) Ukrainian, Indian, Siberian;

б) musician, politician, academician;

в) discontinue, disorganize, discover, discovery, disconnect, disconnection;

г) absorption, become, complete, conclusion, exchange, perform, explain, prevent, decrease, depend, amount.

III. Запомните чтение следующих слов:

psychology [sai'kɒləei], process ['prəυses], absorption [əb'sɔ:pʃn], diffusion [di'fju:3n], phenomenon [fi'nɒminən] (pl phenomena [fi'nɒminə].

IV. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания: observe [əb'z3:v] v наблюдать; изучать, следить investigate [in'vestigeit] v исследовать isolate ['aisəleit] v отделять, изолировать; выделять combine [kəm'bain] v соединять; объединять able ['eibl] а способный, умелый; to be able быть в состоянии, мочь conclusion [kən'klu:3n] п вывод, заключение; to draw a conclusion

Сделать вывод

accomplish [ə'kɒmpliʃ] v выполнять; заканчивать; завершать

exchange [iks'tʃeine] n обмен; v обменивать(ся)

due [dju:] а обусловленный, должный, надлежащий, соответствующий; due to prp вследствие; благодаря, из-за, в связи с; в результате; to be due to обуслoвливаться

solution [sə'lu:ʃn] n раствор; растворение

salt [sɔ:lt] n соль

prove [pru:v] v доказывать; оказываться; to prove (to be) satisfactory

оказаться удовлетворительным transfer ['trfnsf3:] n перенос; передача; [trfns'f3:] v переводить, перемещать enable [i'neibl] v давать возможность (право)

V. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

1) prove [pru:v]: to prove facts, to prove to smb that, he proved that he was right, he was able to prove that;

2) conclusion [kən'klu:3n]: a right conclusion, in conclusion, to come to the conclusion that-, to draw a conclusion;

3) accomplish [ə'kAmpliʃ]: accomplishment, to accomplish the observation, the accomplishment of the respiratory process;

4) due [dju:]: due to his illness, due to a high temperature, in due time, his bad condition was due to a high blood pressure;

5) investigate [in'vestigeit]: investigation, to accomplish the investigation, the investigation of the blood cells.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения, определите времена сказуемых:

The patient had restored his health by the end of September. 2. He had slept well before the surgeon came. 3. The male patient had had the grippe before he was admitted to the clinic. 4. The doctor had observed an unusual case of a mitral valve disease before he reported on it at the conference.

VII. Прочтите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод придаточных дополнительных предложений. Сопоставьте времена сказуемых главного и придаточных предложений. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. В чем заключается правило согласования времен? 2. Каким временем в дополнительном придаточном предложении выражается: а) одновременность действия и каким временем она переводится на русский язык; б) действие, предшествующее действию главного предложения; в) действие, которое произойдет в будущем?

VIII*. Выберите предложения, в которых действия главного и придаточного предложений происходят одновременно. Переведите эти предложения:

The scientists determined that the rate of heartbeat increased because of different emotions. 2. The doctor said that he had examined the patient a day before. 3. The surgeon considered that the operation would be successful.