Traditional medicine: definitions

Traditional medicine. Traditional medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental _____________.

Complementary/alternative medicine (CAM). The terms "complementary medicine" or "alternative medicine" are used inter-changeably with traditional medicine in some countries. They refer to a broad set of health care practices that are not part of that country's own tradition and are not integrated into the dominant health care system.

Herbal medicines. Herbal medicines include herbs, _____________ _____________, herbal preparations and finished herbal products that contain as active ingredients parts of plants, or other plant materials, or combinations.

Herbs:crude plant material such as leaves, flowers, fruit, seed, stems, wood, bark, roots, rhizomes or other plant parts, which may be entire, fragmented or powdered.

Herbal materials:in addition to herbs, fresh juices, gums, fixed oils, _____________ _____________, resins and dry powders of herbs. In some countries, these materials may be processed by various local procedures, such as steaming, roasting, or stir-baking with honey, alcoholic beverages or other materials.

Herbal preparations:the basis for finished herbal products and may include comminuted or powdered herbal materials, or extracts, tinctures and fatty oils of herbal materials. They are produced by extraction, fractionation, purification, concentration, or other _____________ or biological processes. They also include preparations made by steeping or heating herbal materials in alcoholic beverages and/or honey, or in other materials.

Finished herbal products:herbal preparations made from one or more herbs. If more than one herb is used, the term mixture herbal product can also be used. Finished herbal products and mixture herbal products may contain excipients in addition to the active _____________. However, finished products or mixture products to which chemically defined active substances have been added, including synthetic compounds and/or isolated constituents from herbal materials, are not considered to be herbal.

Traditional use of herbal medicines. Traditional use of herbal _____________ refers to the long historical use of these medicines. Their use is well established and widely acknowledged to be safe and effective, and may be accepted by national authorities.

Therapeutic activity. _____________ activity refers to the successful prevention, diagnosis and treatment of physical and mental illnesses; improvement of symptoms of illnesses; as well as beneficial alteration or regulation of the physical and mental status of the body.

Active ingredient. Active ingredients refer to ingredients of herbal medicines with therapeutic activity. In herbal medicines where the active ingredients have been identified, the preparation of these medicines should be standardized to contain a defined amount of the active ingredients, if adequate analytical _____________ are available. In cases where it is not possible to identify the active ingredients, the whole herbal medicine may be considered as one active ingredient.

Exercise 4:Find the right translation:

What do you intend to do?	Где ты планируешь провести каникулы?
I’m going to go to the hospital tomorrow.	Я думал ей помочь.
I didn’t mean to hurt you.	Добрых намерений еще недостаточно
I meant to help her.	Каковы ваши цели в жизни?
Where do you plan to spend your holidays?	Что вы намерены делать?
He’s aiming at perfection.	Какая цель этого собрания?
I didn’t feel well and decided to stay at home.	Он стремится к совершенству
He made up his mind not to go there.	Не делайте поспешных выводов.
He chose to stay where he was.	Я не намеревался тебя обидеть
Good intentions are not enough.	Он поставил себе трудную цель.
What is the purpose of this meeting?	Я плохо чувствовал себя и решил посидеть дома
What are your aims in life?	Я собираюсь завтра пойти в больницу.
He set himself a difficult goal.	Он предпочел остаться на старом месте.
Don’t jump into conclusions.	Он решил, что не пойдет туда

Exercise5:Make the dialogues according to the cases:

Exercise 6:Play the dialogue and make similar one:

Mark: Michael: Mark: Michael: Mark: Michael: Mark: Michael: Mark: Michael: Mark: Michael: Mark: Michael: Mark: Michael:

I intend to visit Mr. Black and to discuss some health problem with him. Michael, you are not feeling very good? No, I am certainly not. I’m going to go to the hospital. What is the problem? Well. I got diagnosed with amoebic dysentery about eight nine weeks ago when I was up in the mountains and I got treated for it then by a very good doctor with antibiotics but I fear that it has not yet gone away as I have had recurring problems. You vomited this morning? That is right. I got some new pills that somebody at this very cafe recommended, that I take. I’ve been meaning to phone my doctor all week, but … Ayurvedic? No, no. Not those ones. These were some other pills. I forget what they were called. This man said that his sister was a nurse and these were the pills to take and I found them at a chemist, took a couple and I was violently sick this morning not long after taking one of these pills on the street, which was quite interesting. Mm. That is terrible. You must consult your doctor, but choose for yourself. How are you feeling now? Are you feeling a little better? Not really I am feeling very weak I have to take some of these… you know… what do you call them…re-hydration salts. And you are going to eat some banana and papaya as well? Well I have got a papaya juice coming and yeah perhaps I will have some banana. I have heard that that is good for me. Don’t I jump into conclusion; anyway I hope you feel better soon. Thank you very much. This man wants to clean your shoes. Yes, I …

Exercise 7:Before reading the text answer some questions:

1. How can you decode the acronym WHO?

2. What do you know about the WHO?

3. In the dictionary find the definition of the terms: gunieaworm, leprosy.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION