Выбор между инфинитивом и герундием.
В тех случаях, когда приходится выбирать, что употребить – инфинитив или герундий, а это касается не только приведенного списка глаголов, но и всего вопроса в целом, следует руководствоваться следующими тремя положениями:
1. Инфинитив обозначает более краткое или более конкретное проявление данного действия.
Герундий, будучи –ingформой обозначает процесс, более продолжительное и более общее проявление данного действия.
2. Инфинитив по своему происхождению связан с будущим, с направлением к цели, которую еще нужно достичь.
Герундий соответственно будет ассоциироваться с настоящим и прошлым.
3.В последнее время, как в американском, так и в британском английском языке проявляется тенденция к более широкому употреблению инфинитива за счет герундия.
| Герундий. | Инфинитив. |
| He began workingfor this company in1995. – Он начал работатьна эту компанию в 1995 году. | He began to workan hour ago. –Он начал работать час назад. |
| I prefer going by air. - Я предпочитаю летать самолетом. | I prefer to goby air. – Я предпочитаю лететь самолетом. |
| Try standing up. – Попробуй стоять. | Try to stand up. – Попробуй встать. |
| I like his beingnice to you. – Мне нравится, что он хорошо к тебе относится. | I (would) like him to benice to you. – Я хотел бы, чтобы он к тебе хорошо относился. |
| I propose waitingtill the doctor gets here. – Я предлагаю подождать, пока не придет доктор. | I propose to starttomorrow. – Я намереваюсь начать завтра. |
| I regret tellingher what… - Я сожалею, что уже сказалей о том, что… | I regret to sayyou that… - К сожалению, я должен сказатьвам, что… |
Exercise 17: Insert prepositions into the gaps.Cовет: используйте для выполнения упражнения Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary в режиме «онлайн» http://www.dictionary.cambridge.org/ (введите глагол, стоящий перед герундием, в поисковую строку, в появившейся статье найдите примеры с предлогами).
1. The girls insisted ____________ going out with Jenny.
2. I am looking forward ____________ getting married soon.
3. She concentrated ____________ creating the designs and her husband on printing and merchandising them.
4. The stranger apologized ____________ calling late in the evening.
5. It was cool out and Mary felt ____________ staying at home.
6. She often complains ____________ having nightmares.
7. On a hot summer day, who doesn’t think ____________ spending the afternoon with a fishing pole?
8. He was afraid ____________ being caught by the police.
9. How many years does it take to be good ____________ playing guitar?
10. Have you ever dreamed ____________ starting a business?
Exercise 18: Use the words in brackets in the correct form.
1. I can’t imagine her ____________ (drive) a car.
2. He agreed ____________ (buy) his son a new CD player.
3. The problem is easy ____________ (solve).
4. The man asked me how ____________ (get) to the bank.
5. I look forward to ____________ (see) you at the weekend.
6. Are you thinking of ____________ (visit) New York?
7. We decided ____________ (stay) in that beautiful town.
8. The teacher expected Michael ____________ (study) hard.
9. He doesn’t mind ____________ (work) the night shift.
10. I learned ____________ (ride) a bike at the age of 6.
11. The girl goes on ____________ (read) the book.
Exercise 19: После глагола to like/ not to like герундий употребляется для выражения пристрастий или не любви к выполнению того или иного действия. Просмотрите список действий, обозначенных ниже, и скажите, что вы любите и чего не любите делать.
Например: I like meeting new people. I don't like talking on the phone for hours.
to take cold showers, to learn English grammar, to dance, to eat spicy food, to baby-sit, to jog, to watch violence on TV, to go places, to watch comedies, to get up very early, to do morning exercises.
Exercise 20:Using the structure of the 12th Exercise of the lesson make a short report about your university. You can do it as a presentation, ads, video report, etc.
You have learnt a lot about the importance and functions of the WHO. Prepare your own report about the ways and methods of eradication of various diseases. You can do it as a presentation, ads, video report, etc.
Exercise 21:Choose the correct preposition to complete each of the following sentences:
1. There is a nice lamp____________ the table.
a) between b) over c) into
2. I have found your ball. It is____________ the sofa.
a) over b) between c) under
3. Your present is____________ you. Take it!
a) above b) under c) in front of
4. Where is Tom I can’t find him. - He is standing____________ you, sir.
a) between b) behind c) under
5. I’m waiting____________ you, Tom.
a) for b)- c) to
6. Is it a book you are looking____________.
a) on b) to c) for
7. Look____________ the blackboard and answer the questions.
a) on b) at c) to
8. Put____________ your hat. It is cold today.
a) away b) off c) on
9. Let’s meet____________ 7 p.m.
a) on b) at c) to
10. There is a sofa____________ the left.
a) inb) at c) on
Exercise 22:Put the correct preposition to complete each of the following sentences:
1. He is away ____________ business.
2. Everything is going to be all right ____________ the end.
3. I agree with you ____________ some extent.
4. The building is ____________ fire.
5. This information is ____________ of date.
6. What did you have ____________ breakfast?
7. You talk ____________ the phone too much.
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Lead – in
Exercise 1: Identify the jobs, things or processes shown in the pictures. Describe the subjects involved.
 |  |  |
  |
R Chemist’s Shop
R Kinds of Medicines
R Laboratory Technician
R Drug Production Process
Exercise 2:Match the dosage form on the left to its definition on the right:
| ¨ | pill | a | A sweet liquid containing medicine taken with a spoon or a cup. | |
| ¨ | ointment | b | A container with a liquid that is administered in spray form. | |
| ¨ | solution | c | A small, round piece of medicine to be swallowed without chewing. | |
| ¨ | syrup | d | Any liquid medication applied by means of a dropper. | |
| ¨ | suppository | e | A medication on material or cloth placed on the skin. | |
| ¨ | drops | f | A smooth oily substance that is rubbed on the skin for medicinal purposes or as a cosmetic. | |
| ¨ | aerosol | g | A liquid in which another substance has been dissolved. | |
| ¨ | patch | h | A solid medical preparation in a roughly conical or cylindrical shape, designed to be inserted into the rectum or vagina to dissolve. |
Exercise 3: Complete the text using the words and phrases:
| treatments anti-bacterial agents chemical substances aspirin to counter Hippocratic Oath diabetes | treating penicillin the battle injection plant substances sacred laboratories | medical conditions use germicide medical text describes infections drugstores |