Task 1. Learn the following words and word combinations

aureole	[΄ɔ:riəul]	ореол, сияние
regard	[ri΄g a:d]	считать
inventor	[in΄ventə]	изобретатель
profound	[prə΄faund]	мудрый
superstition	[sju:pə΄stiʃn]	суеверие
to aid	[eid]	помогать
experience	[iks΄piəriəns]	опыт
foundation	[faun΄deiʃn]	основа
generation	[ʤenə΄reiʃn]	поколение
anesthesia	[ænəs΄θi:ziə]	наркоз
epoch	[΄i:pɔk]	эпоха
diagnostician	[daiəgnəs΄tiʃn]	диагност
suppuration	[sʌpju΄reiʃn]	нагноение
carbonic acid	[ka:΄bɔnik]	угольная кислота
germ	[ʤə:m]	микроб
soak	[səuk]	всасывание
putrefaction	[pju:tri΄fækʃn]	гниение
eminence	[΄eminəns]	превосходство

Task 2. Find in the text the following words and word combinations, reproduce the context they are used in and translate it into Russian.

1. to be worth mentioning

2. a profound investigator

3. natural process

4. a complete exposition

5. accumulated knowledge

6. Russian surgery

7. isolated ideas

8. osteoplastic operation

9. health protection

10. rapid progress

11. an exceptional therapeutist

12. a theory of nervism

13. bacterial action

14. pathogenic bacteria

15. the man was cured

Task 3.Answer the questions:

1. Who was Hippocrates?

2. What facts did Hippocrates establish?

3. What do we have in Hippocratic collection?

4. What do you know about N.I.Pirogov?

5. What did the greatness of Pirogov’s work consist in?

6. What kind of operations did Pirogov perform the first?

7. During what epoch did S.P.Botkin work?

8. Is he known as an exceptional therapeutist or a brilliant surgeon?

9. Where did A.Fleming do his research work in bacterial action?

10. What substance did he discover accidentally?

11. What for did he receive the Nobel Prize?

Task 4.Match the English sentences to their Russian equivalents.

1. Galen regarded him as “the wonderful inventor of all that is beautiful”.	a. Он знал пользу различных лекарств и был хорошим хирургом.
2. Hippocrates freed medicine from superstition.	b. Он был первым, использовавшим угольную кислоту для профилактики инфицирования ран.
3. He knew the use of many drugs and was also a good surgeon.	c. Гиппократ освободил медицину от предрассудков.
4. For thousand of years Russian medical science accumulated knowledge in different brunches of medicine.	d. Боткин известен как выдающийся терапевт и блестящий диагност.
5. The greatness of his work consisted in that he generalized isolated ideas.	e. Ценность его работы состоит в обобщении разрозненных знаний.
6. N.I.Pirogov was the first performed osteoplastic operation.	f. Гален считал его прекрасным изобретателем всего красивого.
7. Botkin is known as an exceptional therapeutist and a brilliant diagnostician.	g. Пирогов был первым, кто провел операцию по остеопластике.
8. He was the first to use carbonic acid to prevent germs from gaining access to wounds.	h. Тысячелетиями российская медицинская наука аккумулировала знания в различных областях медицины.
9. Alexander Fleming became interested in bacterial action and antibacterial drugs.	i. Он открыл вещество, названное «пенициллин».
10. He discovered a substance called “penicillin”.	j. А.Флеминг начал интересоваться действием бактерий и антибактериальными препаратами.

Task 5. Translate the given sentences into Russian, close you books and translate them back into English.

1. An ancient outstanding physician and scientist Hippocrates was born in Greece in 460 or 459 B.C.

2. He was the most profound investigator and acute observer; he was the head of the most flourishing medical school of his time.

3. He established the facts that disease was a natural process, that its symptoms were the reactions of the body to the disease.

4. He created medicine on the basis of experience.

5. The brightest representative of Russian surgery is N.I.Pirogov.

6. “There is no medicine without surgery and no surgery without anatomy” was his motto.

7. Pirogov created the atlas “Topographic Anatomy” which helped to train several generations of surgeons.

8. In the field of medicine and health protection, S.P. Botkin was an outstanding public figure.

9. He worked during the epoch of the most rapid progress in natural science and physiology.

10. The term “Botkin’s disease” was introduced into medicine in 1940.

11. Alexander Fleming became interested in bacterial action and antibacterial drugs.

Task6. Retell the text.

Theme 7

Childhood diseases

From the medical point of view a child is a person who has not reached puberty. And from the legal point of view a child is a person who has not attained majority. In Russia, for example, a child attains majority at eighteen years old.

In the period between the time of birth and adolescence children may experience some diseases. The term “childhood disease” is sometimes subjective, and does not refer to an accepted, categorical list. Nearly all the diseases in this list can also be contracted by adults, and, of course, all children can contract diseases not categorized as "childhood diseases". Classification of all childhood diseases is extensive and includes several groups:

· common infectious diseases (chickenpox, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, rubella, scarlet fever, mumps, etc.);

· upper respiratory tract infections (adenoviral infection, influenza, herpes simplex, etc.);

· intestinal infections (dysentery, rotavirus infection, polio, typhoid, etc.);

· diseases caused by parasites.

Some of childhood diseases are vaccine-preventable. Childhood vaccination schedule contains information about vaccine-preventable diseases. In Russia such schedule is officially named as National Vaccination Calendar and issued by the Ministry of Health. This calendar lists diseases and recommended ages they should be done at. Against some diseases a child must be vaccinated two or three times at the definite age. According to this schedule, children in RF should be vaccinated against: Haemophilus influenzae type B, tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus (lockjaw), poliomyelitis (polio), measles, rubella (German measles), mumps and acute viral hepatitis B.

Any person must be prepared to recognize if a child is ill and care of him. This is just an everyday part of providing quality child care. Symptoms of illness can appear very rapidly. Care of an ill child who begins with making the child comfortable. Every child care facility needs a quiet place where an ill child can have a rest and can be closely supervised by an adult. Notify the parent or alternate as soon as you have determined that their child is ill. The parent can then begin to make alternate work arrangements or call for a doctor’s appointment as soon as she/he learns of the illness. If a child is seriously ill, ask the parent or alternate to come immediately. It is important to be knowledgeable in first aid and CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) in the event of a true emergency.

WHO and UNICEF have drawn up a list of essential drugs to treat the most common childhood diseases. They include: oral antibiotics, an antimalarial drug, oral rehydration salts, vitamin A, treatment for intestinal worms, and treatments for eye and skin infections and mouth ulcers. Meanwhile improved training of health workers would help ensure rapid diagnosis of life-threatening diseases - especially where children are suffering from more than one condition.