EXERCISE 34c — Write answers to the questions using phrasal verbs from this section. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense

1. Janice said I was a cheapskate, but she later admitted that it wasn't true. What did Janice do?

2. A number of situations and events helped to cause the Civil War. What did those situations an events do?

3. You've rewritten this story four times, and you're still not happy with it. What have you done to the story four times?

4. When I opened the box of cereal, it was full of bugs, so I returned it to the store. What did I do to the box of cereal?

5. Bill has a system for picking good stocks, and he always uses it. What does Bill do with his system?

6. Mr. Tucker's fifteen-year-old daughter wants to get a tattoo, but he absolutely will not allow it. What won't Mr. Tucker do?

7. Visiting his old high school brought back a lot of memories. What did visiting his old high school do to him? 262

8. Carlos came to my house and stayed for a while. What did Carlos do after he came to my house?

9. People in my office have been reading the latest issue of Time magazine and then giving it to someone else. What has the magazine been doing?

10. She asked me what "Ph.D." represents. What did she ask me?

11,1 felt ridiculous dressing as a pink dinosaur for my nephew's birthday party, but my brother persuaded me to do it. What did my brother do?

EXERCISE 34d, Review — Complete the sentences with these phrasal verbs from previous sections. Be sure the phrasal verbs are in the correct tense. To check their meanings, review the section number given after each one.

bite off, 27	fall behind, 33	plan ahead, 25	shake up, 24
catch on, 33	get together, 26	print out, 24	stay out, 23
come about, 33	goof around, 33	pull off, 33	stop over, 24
come out, 32	let in on, 26	put together, 26	wear off, 27

1.1 asked Sam how his job interview _______ _______, and he said it went great.

2.1 asked my history teacher what led up to the American Revolution, and he said the war _______ ________ as a result of several factors.

3. After the tranquilizer ________ ________, the elephant will wake up.

4. The new owners of the company said they planned to ______ things _______.

5. When you're an adult, you can't just think about today; you have to _____ ______.

6. Tonight I'm going to _______ _______ with some friends and watch the game.

7. Mark has a rich father, so Mark doesn't work; he just ______ ______ most of time.

8. The finance minister ______ ______ a plan to revive the nation's economy.

9. That's a pretty big project. Are you sure you haven't ________ ________ more than you can chew?

10. The new system at the warehouse was a disaster, and we ________ ________ in filling orders.

11. I didn't sleep at all last night — I ________ ________ dancing until dawn, and I'm really beat.

12. People have been talking about picture phones for years, but they've never ________ ________.

13. The boss ________ me ________ ________ the new strategy.

14. If you're not busy, would you like to ________ ________ for a while? We could watch TV or play cards.

15. The crooks tried to steal a 747 by pretending to be pilots, but they couldn't ________ it ________.

16. I finished my letter, but I can't ________ it ________ because I'm out of toner.

35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs

In Section 10 we looked at gerunds as the objects of phrasal verbs. Now we will look at phrasal verbs as gerunds themselves. Like ordinary verbs, gerund phrasal verbs can be the subject of a sentence:

Narrowing down the list will be difficult.

subject

the object of a sentence:

We discussednarrowing down the list.
object

or the object of a preposition:

We talked aboutnarrowing down the list.

object of preposition

How and when phrasal verbs can be separated is unaffected by their use as gerunds:

Narrowing itdown will be difficult.

We discussednarrowing itdown.

We talked aboutnarrowing itdown.

Infinitive
	present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
fool around
fool around & fools around	fooling around	fooled around	fooled around

1. fool around p.v. When you waste time playing or doing silly or unimportant things, youfool around. Goof around is the same asfool around.

My son is lazy. He spends his timefooling around instead of looking for a job. My boss said, "I'm not paying you tofool around — get to work!"

1. fool around (with) p.v. When youfool around with something, you do something that may be dangerous or foolish.

Fooling around with drugs is pretty stupid.

You shouldn'tfool around with the insides of your computer unless you know what you're doing.

3. foot around (with) p.v. [informal] When two peoplefool around orfool aroundwith each other, they have sexual relations, even though one or both of them may be married to someone else or even though their families or society may not approve.

Sally's father caught her and Jimfooling around in the basement.

Her husband's beenfooling around with his secretary, and everyone in town knows it.

Go by

go by & goes by going by went by gone by

1. go by p.v. When peoplego by a place or thing, they pass near that place or thing. When a thinggoes by orgoes by you, it passes near you.

We watched the paradego by.

I went by Jim's house to see if his car was in the driveway.

2. go by p.v. When yougo by a place, you go there so that you can do something or get something.

Let'sgo by Paul's house to get his tools before we work on your car.

You can forget aboutgoing by the dry cleaner to pick up your stuff— it's closed.

3. go by p.v. When a period of timegoes by, it passes.

/ can't believe that thirty years havegone by since I got out of high school.

As timewent by, Betty moved up in the company until she was the head of the finance department.

4. go by p.v. When yougo by a policy or standard, you use it as a reference or a guide in making decisions and determining your behavior. When yougo by the book, you follow rules, policies, or laws exactly.

Going by the book has always been my policy.

Jim told me to do one thing, and Tom told me to do another, but since Tom is the boss, I'm going togo by what he says.

5. go by p.v. When yougo by a clock, you use it to tell the time.

Don'tgo by the clock on the wall; it's fast.Go by the clock on the desk.

No wonder I'm always late for work — the clock I've beengoing by is ten minutes slow.

Infinitive
present tense	-ing form	past tense	past participle
hold against
hold against & holds against	holding against	held against	held against

1. hold ...against p.v. When youhold thingsagainst people, you continue to blame them for something and continue to be upset about it.

Ten years ago I got a promotion that Ned thought he deserved, and he'sheld it against me ever since.

Jane tost her job because of a mistake Bob made, but she doesn'thold itagainst him.