Сложное подлежащее (complex subject)

Упражнение 460

1.Говорят, что он все знает об этом. 2. Говорили, что он знал об этом всю правду. 3. Известно, что Юрий Гагарин — первый человек в мире, совершивший полет в космос 12 апреля 1961года. 4. Полагают, что он очень хороший киноактер. 5. Полагают, что он невиновен в преступлении. 6. Объявили, что невин­ные люди были убиты террористами. 7. Объявили, что террорист был убит своей собственной бом­бой. 8. Ожидают, что выставка французской живо­писи 19века откроется к концу следующей недели. 9. Сообщают, что картина Моне будет на выставке до конца месяца. 10. Сообщили, что президент России обратится с речью к народу по телевидению сегодня вечером. 11.Известно, что американский астронавт (космонавт) Нейл Армстронг является первым челове­ком, который ступил на Луну в 1969году. 12. Счи­тают, что он самый богатый человек в мире. 13. Го­ворят, что она берет деньги в долг, но не беспокоит­ся о том, чтобы их возвратить. 14. Считают, что ты послушный и умный мальчик. 15. Предполагали, что студенты придут вовремя и примут участие в марафо­не. 16.Вы должны проверить сдачу (Предполагают, что вы проверите сдачу), прежде чем уйдете от кассира.

17. Рассчитывали, что он сдаст экзамен по математике.

18. Говорят, что мама знает, как правильно поступать.

226 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

19. Думают, что у Сергея есть способности к языкам. Известно, что его английский язык отличный.

20. Полагают, что Анна Муттер — одна из самых замечательных скрипачей в мире. 21. Известно, что Леонардо да Винчи — великий итальянский худож­ник эпохи Возрождения. Считают, что портрет Моны Лизы — одно из его самых знаменитых произведений. 22. Известно, что верные друзья, как бриллианты, драгоценны, но редки. Говорят, что ложные друзья похожи на бсенние листья, встречаемые повсюду (которые можно найти везде).

Упражнение 461

1.Известно, что в нашей стране каждый год вы­пускают много книг. 2. Предполагают, что вы окон­чите институт через четыре года. 3. Говорят, что ра­дий очень радиоактивен. 4. Было известно, что этот прибор спроектировали в той лаборатории. 5. Его изобретение считается очень важным. 6. Известно, что солнце представляет собой массу сжатых газов. 7. Сообщают, что новая ракета будет запущена (в про­изводство) в следующем году. 8. Полагают, что у это­го типа ракет имеется много преимуществ. 9. Долгое время полагали, что атом неделим. 10. Обнаружили, что атом гелия имеет два электрона. 11. Я не знал, чего от меня ждали, поэтому не сказал ничего. 12. Говори­ли, что он один из самых многообещающих ядерных физиков. 13. Говорят, что он хороший переводчик. 14. Было известно, что Роберта — честная и тру­долюбивая девушка. 15. Ожидали, что Клайд при­едет в конце недели. 16. Предполагали, что Бекки и Том остались у вдовы Дуглас. 17. Сообщают, что число безработных увеличивается с каждым годом. 18. Ожи­дают, что скоро выпустят много новых учебников. 19. Говорят, что Московское метро самое красивое в мире. 20. Известно, что заяц бегает очень быстро.

21. Видели, что мужчина снял пальто. 22. Говорят,

Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 227

что алмазные прииски в Западной Якутии нисколь­ко не уступают по богатству всемирно известным Южноафриканским приискам. 23. Известно, что мой близкий друг выучил „Евгения Онегина" наизусть. 24.Считается, что эти приборы очень эффективны.

Упражнение462

1. The climate there is considered to be very healthy. 2. The Chinese dancers were announced to arrive next week. 3. The performance is expected to be a success. 4. The book is said to be popular with both old and young. 5. The poem is believed to have been written by an unknown soldier. 6. The playwright is supposed to be working at a new comedy. 7. The flood is reported to have caused much damage to the crops. 8. The crops were supposed to be rich that year. 9. This mineral water has been found to be very good for the liver.

10. Electricity is considered to exist throughout space.

11. The weather in Europe is said to have been exceed­ingly hot last summer. 12. Five ships were reported to be missing after the battle.

Упражнение 463

1.Кажется, эта работа займет много времени. 2. Операция казалась сложной. 3. Так уж случилось, что деньги меня не интересуют. 4. Так случилось, что в середине лекции доктор Соммервилл остановился и взглянул в окно. 5. С первого упоминания о Длин­ном Джоне я боялся, что он может оказаться тем са­мым одноногим моряком, за которым я так долго на­блюдал на постоялом дворе. 6. Казалось, что со вре­мени их последней встречи Клайд не думал ни о ком другом, кроме Сондры. 7. По всему было видно, что Клайд забыл о своем обещании проводить свободные вечера с Робертой. 8. Оказалось, что она отличная

228 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

артистка. 9. Однажды случилось так, что Заяц встре­тился с Черепахой. 10. Казалось, что Черепаха пол­зет очень медленно. 11. Оказалось, что Заяц проиг­рал состязание в беге. 12. Казалось, что аппарат в от­личном состоянии. 13. Похоже, что вы нашли в нем нечто, чего я не заметил. 14. Похоже, что новые ме­тоды работы очень эффективны. 15. Процентное со­держание угля в этой стали оказалось очень низ­ким. 16. Оказалось, что Ирвинг высокий бледноли­цый парень. 17. Оказалось, что его контора распо­ложена на одной из отдаленных (от центра) улиц. 18. Он оказался идеальным человеком. 19. Кажет­ся, она не хочет делать ничего, что я предлагаю. 20. Оказалось, что он не испытывает никаких род­ственных чувств к своему племяннику. 21. Каза­лось, это забавляет полисмена. 22. Вы можете лег­ко проникнуть внутрь через окно, если дверь слу­чайно окажется запертой. 23. Казалось, что крестья­не не видят ее. 24. Казалось, Овод невзлюбил сеньору Грассини со времени их первой встречи. 25. Кажется, вы не сделали для себя ничего хорошо тем, что уехали. 26. „Джим," — сказал он, нако­нец, голосом, который, казалось, не принадлежал ему.

Упражнение 464

1. They seem to know all about it. 2. They seem to have heard all about it. 3. The discussion seemed to be coming to an end. 4. You don't seem to approve of the idea. 5. The house seemed not to have been lived in for a long time. 6. He appeared to be losing patience. 7. He appeared not to have heard what had been said. 8. I hap­pened to be present at the opening session. 9.1 happened to overhear their conversation. 10. My prediction turned out to be correct. 11. The language of the arti­cle turned out to be quite easy.

Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 229

Упражнение 465

1.Мы, большинство из нас, хотим очень многого, чего мы, похоже, не получим. 2. Он обязательно рас­скажет мне все об этом событии, даже если я не по­прошу его. 3. Когда Сондра сказала, что они обяза­тельно встретятся снова, она увидела, что лицо Клай­да вдруг просияло. 4. Если мы будем продолжать спо­рить, мы обязательно поссоримся..5. Они обязательно оценят (признают) ваш талант. 6. Он обязательно со­общит вам кое-какие полезные сведения. 7. Похоже, что эта статья появится в следующем номере журна­ла. 8. Мистер Уординг обязательно скоро вернется. 9. Эти двое молодых людей обязательно будут очень хорошими друзьями. 10. Вы обязательно будете там завтра вечером, не правда ли? 11. Непохоже, что она переменит свое мнение. 12. Они обязательно должны были достичь взаимопонимания. 13. Не беспокойтесь: все обязательно устроится. 14. Этот новый курс лече­ния обязательно поможет вашей бабушке.

Упражнение 466

1. This building is said to have been erected in the 17th century. 2. The meeting is supposed to be over at ten o'clock. 3. Cold weather was never expected to set in so early. 4. We turned out to have met. 5. You seem to be tired. 6. The working conditions turned out to be more difficult than it had been supposed (than they had been supposed to be). 7. Do you happen to know this man? 8. The book you gave me has turned out to be dull. 9. The new buses turned out to be very com­fortable. 10. Of the three Bronte sisters Charlotte is considered to be the most talented one. 11. The En­glish woman-writer Voinich is known to have lived in St Petersburg for a number of years and (to have) studied Russian literature. Russian literature is considered to have influenced her creative activity. 12. Your friend

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seems to be very interested in ancient history. 13. The Romans are known to have built good roads on the Brit­ish Isles. 14. The poem „Beowulf" is supposed to have been written in the 8th century. 15. Walter Scott is considered to be the creator of the historical novel. 16. The expedition is reported to have reached its des­tination. 17. I happen to know his telephone number. 18. He turned out to be a good sportsman. 19. He seems to be writing a new article; he seems to have been work­ing at it for two weeks already. 20. I happened to meet him in Moscow. 21. They are supposed to know about it more than they want to show. 22. Jim turned out to be a brave boy. 23. Rochester happened to meet Jane on his way home. 24. He is said to have been working at his invention for several years. 25. This article is said to have been translated into all the languages of the world. 26. You seem to have read a lot before en­tering the university, 27. They are expected to win the match.

УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.

СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ

НАКЛОНЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕ

"I WISH"

Упражнение 467

1.

1. If you are busy, I shall leave you alone.

2. If you were busy, I should leave you alone.

3. If you had been busy, I should have left you alone.

2.

1. If my friend comes to see me, I shall be very glad.

2. If my friend came to see me, I should be very glad.

3. If my friend had come to see me, I should have been very glad.

3.

1. If mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea party.

2. If mother bought a cake, we should have a very nice tea party.

3. If mother had bought a cake, we should have had a very nice tea party.

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4.

1. If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry.

2. If we received a telegram from him, we should not worry.

3. If we had received a telegram from him, we should not have worried.

5.

1. If you don't work systematically, you will fail the exam.

2. If you did not work systematically, you would fail the exam.

3. If you had not worked systematically, you would have failed the exam.

6.

1. If I live in Moscow, I shall visit the Tretyakov Art Gallery every year.

2. If I lived in Moscow, I should visit the Tretya­kov Art Gallery every year.

3. If I had lived in Moscow, I should have visited the Tretyakov Art Gallery every year.

7.

1. If I get a ticket, I shall go to the Philharmonic.

2. If I got a ticket, I should go to the Philharmonic.

3. If I had got a ticket, I should have gone to the Philharmonic.

8.

1. If I live near a wood, I shall gather a lot of mush­rooms.

2. If I lived near a wood, I should gather a lot of mushrooms.

3. If I had lived near a wood, I should have gath­ered a lot of mushrooms.

Условные предложения

9.

1. If my father returns early, we shall watch TV together.

2. If my father returned early, we should watch TV together.

3. If my father had returned early, we should have watched TV together.

10.

1. If she knows English, she will try to enter the university.

2. If she knew English, she would try to enter the university.

3. If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the university.

Упражнение 468

1.

1. If I were not too busy, I should go to the concert.

2. If I had not been too busy, I should have gone to the concert.

2.

1. They would all be surprised if I made such a mis­take.

2. They would all have been very surprised if I had made such a mistake.

3.

1. If he didn't come on time, should we have to wait for him?

2. If he hadn't come on time, should we have had to wait for him?

4.

1. If no one came to help, we should be obliged to do the work ourselves.

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2. If no one had come to help, we should have been obliged to do the work ourselves.

5.

1. If you put on your glasses, you would see better.

2. If you had put on your glasses, you would have seen better.

6.

1. What should we do if they were late?

2. What should we have done if they had been late?

7.

1. Would you be very angry if we didn't come?

2. Would you have been very angry if we hadn't come?

8.

1. Would he be very displeased if I didn't ring him up?

2. Would he have been very displeased if I hadn't rung him up?

Упражнение 469

If I live in the south, I shall bathe every day. If I live in the south, I shall be very happy. If I live in the south, I shall be very glad.

If I come home late, I shall go to bed at once.

If I live in the country, I shall often go to the wood. If I live in the country, I shall bathe every day. If I live in the country, I shall gather many mush­rooms.

If I live in the country, I shall be very happy. If I live in the country, I shall be very glad.

Условные предложения

If I go to the wood, I shall gather many mushrooms. If I go to the wood, I shall be very happy. If I go to the wood, I shall be very glad.

If I receive his letter, I shall be very happy. If I receive his letter, I shall be very glad.

If I fall ill, I shall go to the doctor. If I fall ill, I shall go to bed at once.

If I find my book, I shall be very glad. If I find my book, I shall be very happy.

If I lose my money, I shall be very sorry.

If I see my friend, I shall ask his advice. If I see my friend, I shall be very happy. If I see my friend, I shall be very glad.

Упражнение 470

I wish I were in the south. If I were in the south, I should bathe every day.

I wish I were at home. If I were at home, I should go to bed.

I wish I were in the country. If I were in the coun­try, I should go to the wood.

I wish I were in the wood. If I were in the wood, I should gather many mushrooms.

I wish I were at the camp. If I were at the camp, I should have a very good time.

I wish I were a scientist. If I were a scientist, I should invent a time machine.

I wish I were a composer. If I were a composer, I should write beautiful music.

I wish I were a poet. If I were a poet, I should write beautiful poetry.

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I wish I were a writer. If I were a writer, I should write interesting novels.

I wish I were a spaceman. If I were a spaceman, I should fly to other planets.

I wish I were a sailor. If I were a sailor, I should sail to Africa.

Упражнение 471

I wish I had translated the article yesterday. If I had translated the article yesterday, I should have found out all about this discovery.

I wish I had met you yesterday. If I had met you yesterday, I should have told you something.

I wish I had read this new book. If I had read this new book, I should have told you about it.

I wish I had seen your brother yesterday. If I had seen your brother yesterday, I should have asked him to come to our place.

I wish I had bought a dictionary. If I had bought a dictionary, I should have translated the text.

I wish I had learned my lesson. If I had learned my lesson, I should have got a good mark.

I wish I had rung him up yesterday. If I had rung him up yesterday, I should have found out all about his illness.

I wish I had gone to the library. If I had gone to the library, I should have got that book.

I wish I had had more practice in chess. If I had had more practice in chess, I should have won the game yesterday.

I wish I had joined you in fishing. If I had joined you in fishing, I should have caught a lot of fish.

I wish I had had a ticket yesterday. If I had had a ticket yesterday, I should have gone to the theatre with you.

I wish I had asked you to help me. If I had asked you to help me, I should have done the work well.

Условные предложения

I wish I had called at that shop. If I had called at that shop, I should have bought the book.

I wish I had called on my friend yesterday. If I had called on my friend yesterday, I should have met in­teresting people.

I wish I had won the championship. If I had won the championship, I should have been sent abroad.

I wish I had heard about it yesterday. If I had heard about it yesterday, I should have been pleased.

Упражнение 472

1.He would not have. 2. You give. 3. She were поЦ 4. We shall spend. 5. They had not gone. 6. You don't get. 7. You would consult. 8. I had. 9. It rains. 10. He had worked. 11. I shall not put. 12.1 should have writ­ten. 13. He did not read. 14. My friend is.

Упражнение473

1. You don't buy. 2. He will certainly come. 3. He had not hurt. 4. My friend worked. 5. You would im­prove. 6. Your mother will be. 7. She had returned. 8. I should buy. 9. You ring. 10. You were. 11. He would not know. 12. He had come. 13. He does not pass. 14. She had not helped. 15. He did not read.

16. I should have gone. 17. I should get.

Упражнение 474

1.My brother is. 2.1 shall stay. 3. She would not be. 4. You did not smoke. 5. He had learnt. 6. I should translate. 7.1 were. 8. Barbara had got. 9. It would not have got. 10. He came. 11. He lived. 12. You had gone. 13. You don't listen. 14. He would not spend. 15. My friend had not lent. 16. We should not meet.

17. I should have done.

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Упражнение 475

1. It snows. 2. I did not know. 3. I should not do it. 4. Men had. 5. You waste. 6. I had. 7. I had. 8. She had been. 9. He would never have phoned. 10. Your broth­er would become. 11. He were. 12. He would not have caught. 13. You had put. 14. I knew. 15. I should have brought.

Упражнение 476

1. She had asked. 2. You did. 3. He will agree. 4.1 had not been. 5. His vocabulary will increase. 6. They had known. 7.1 get. 8. You would go. 9. You would not have missed. 10. You had not missed. 11. You would not have missed. 12. You had not missed. 13. You had understood. 14. You would not have got. 15. Your mother would not have scolded. 16. Your mother had not scolded.

Упражнение 477

1. It rains. 2. A dog bit. 3. He would have taken. 4. I had. 5. She wouldn't have been. 6. I had lived. 7. She would get. 8. His friend had been. 9. My cactus plant hadn't had. 10. They would have sent. 11. He would telephone ... and help. 12. You will have. 13. She hadn't been. 14. They would have enjoyed. 15. A robber attacked. 16. He wouldn't have fallen. 17. You didn't smoke. 18. Her alarm clock had rung.

Упражнение 478

1. Would you attack. 2. They would stay ... and would probably survive. 3. He would have succeeded. 4, I had lived. 5. She smelt. 6. He had been invited. 7. The accident wouldn't have happened. 8. You don't know. 9. They would have given. 10. I should (would)

Условные предложения

read. 11. They would have watched. 12. It wouldn't have shrunk. 13. You get, you are. 14. They had gone. 15. I were. 16. He had brought. 17. My mother won, 18. You would have been.

Упражнение 479

1. You read, I should lend. 2. You had read, you would have seen. 3. He were, he would not play. 4. He had been, would not have taken. 5. It were not raining, would not be. 6. Would you have been, I had not come. 7. We did not have, we should walk. 8. The evening were not, we should continue. 9. You were, you would study.

Упражнение 480

1. If he were not busy, he would come to see us. 2. If the girl had studied well last year, she would not have received bad marks. 3. If he had not broken his bicycle, he would have gone to the 6ountry. 4. If he had (more) practice, he would speak English better. 5. If I had not had a bad headache yesterday, I should have come to see you. 6. If the ship had not sailed near the coast, it would not have struck a rock. 7. If he had been in town, he would have been present at our meet­ing. 8. If the pavement had not been so slippery, I should not have fallen and hurt my leg. 9. If the sea were not (so) rough, we should (could) sail to the is­land. 10. If they had not made a fire, the wolves would not have run away. 11. If it were not late, I should not have to go home. 12. If I had not expected my friend to come, I should (could) have gone to the cinema with you. 13. If mathematics were not his favourite subject and he did not work a lot at it, he would not always get top marks. 14. If I had had a dictionary, I should have translated the article yesterday. 15. If the night had not been pitch-dark, we should not have lost our way.

240 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

16. If the box had not been so heavy, (I could have carried it and) I should not have taken a taxi.

Упражнение 481

1. If the travellers had had a camera with them, they would (could) have taken photos of the beauti­ful scenery. 2. If there had been any sugar left, we should not have had to go to the shop late in the evening. 3. If this house were not situated close to a chemical plant, the air around would not be bad and the house would be very good for living. 4. If I were acquainted with him, I should ask his advice. 5. If you did not have a toothache, you would (could) enjoy this merry evening party. 6. If you were not so absent-mind­ed, you would not make so many mistakes. 7. If you had rung me up, I should have known you were in trouble. 8. If you had not left the child alone, he would not have hurt himself. 9. If they had not spent a year in the tropics, they-would not have got so sun-tanned. 10. If it had not rained so heavily, we should not have got drenched to the skin. 11. If you had watched the cat, it would not have eaten the fish. 12. If a huge black cloud had not appeared from behind the forest, we should not have turned back and hurried home.

13. If it were not so late, we should go to see them.

14. If you had not been in her way, she would not have been angry.

Упражнение 482

1. I had. 2. I had consulted. 3. It were. 4. I had not lent. 5. You sent. 6. I did not have. 7. You had gone. 8. I knew. 9. I had not drunk. 10. You read. 11. I had never suggested. 12. I had been. 13. We met. 14. You had seen. 15. They did not see. 16. He had not forgot­ten.

Условные предложения

Упражнение 483

1.1could. 2. She had seen. 3.1 had passed, 4.1 hadn't forgotten. 5. He hadn't broken. 6. She had stayed. 7. He knew. 8. It were. 9. It had been. 10. She lived. 11. He hadn't done. 12. I had brought. 13. I could. 14. You were. 15. They could. 16. Things were.

Упражнение 484

1. Iwish they returned before Christmas. 2. The student wished he had studied the material better and shown better knowledge at the exam. 3. I wish you had sent for us last night. 4. I wish you were with us these days. 5. I wish you knew enough physics. 6. He wished he had had enough time to finish his paper. 7.1 wish we were able to reach home before teatime. 8. I wish I had not made you upset by telling you this news. 9. My friend wishes he had gone to university. 10. My friend wishes he had entered the university.

Упражнение 485

1.a) Iwish he were not so light-minded. 6) I wish he were more serious.

2. a) Now I wish I had listened to his advice (had

followed his advice). 6) Now I wish I had not followed his advice.

3. a) I wish you had not come so late. 6) I wish you had come earlier.

4. a) I wish we had not gone before he came. 6) I wish we had waited till he came.

5. a) I wish they knew it already.

6) I wish they did not know about it.

242 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

Упражнение 486

1. Oh, how I wish you had told her about it last Sunday! 2.1 wish we had holidays now. 3. Oh, I wish he came tonight! 4. We wished we had asked his advice. 5.1 wish you had not refused to take part in the picnic.

6. I wish you were interested in this subject.

7. We wish you mentioned these facts. 8.1 wish we had
not missed the train. 9. I wish you had turned on the
TV earlier. 10. I wish I were free now! 11. I wish I had
had more time yesterday. 12.1 wish you wrote her about
it yourself. 13. I wish you had paid attention to his
warning. 14. He wished he had not quitted (quit) the
university. 15. I wish it were not too late to go there.
16. Oh, how I wish I had come to the railway station
in time! 17. I wish you had read this wonderful book.
18.1 wish she did not make so many mistakes in her
speech. 19. I wish you had visited the exhibition.
20.1 wish I had learned about it earlier. 21. I wish we
had found Nick at home. 22. She wished she had told
us this story before.

Упражнение 487

1. If I did not have a toothache, I should not go to the dentist. 2. If he had gone to the dentist to have his tooth filled, he would not be groaning with pain now: 3. If she needed some treatment, she would go to the polyclinic. 4. If he had not been present at the dress rehearsal, he would go to see the play. 5. If he were not fond of this famous singer, he would not have gone to Moscow specially to hear him. 6. If we had been thirsty, we should have gone to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade. 7. If she had had a needle, she would (could) have mended her dress herself. 8. If he had trained enough last year, he would be a first-class sportsman now. 9. If the pupils had not wanted to understand this difficult material, they would not have been so active.

Условные предложения

10. If the pupils had been more attentive, they would have understood the homework. 11. If the pupils had not worked hard, they would not have done well in their exams. 12. If she were good at foreign languages, she would try to enter the foreign languages department.

Упражнение 488

1. He has changed so much! If you met him, you would not recognize him. 2. If I were you, I should consult my parents. 3. If a tram came now, we should not be late. 4. If he had known that this would upset you, he would have been more careful. 5. If you helped me to solve this problem, I should be very grateful to you, 6. I wish it had occurred to us before to look for the book in the library. We should have done the work on time and now we should be free. 7. I wish we had had more lessons. If we had worked more, we should know the language better. 8. If he had not gone into training regularly, he would not have achieved such success in the competitions. 9. If you had warned me before, I should already be in Moscow. 10. I wish she had not gone. If you had called before, she would be here now. 11. If he were cleverer, he would not have gone to the wood yesterday. 12. If she had not sent this letter yesterday, my brother would be at home now. 13. What should we be doing now if mother had not baked a pie yesterday? 14.1 wish you had heard Rakh-maninov's music. If you had heard it, you would know what a wonderful composer he was. 15. I am sure that everybody would be glad if the party took place.

Упражнение 489

1. If I knew French, I should have spoken to her long ago. 2. If I knew German, I should read Goethe in the original. 3. If I lived near, I should call on you more often. 4. If you had not interrupted us yesterday,

244 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

we should have finished the work on time. 5. If he had not followed the doctor's advice, he would not have recovered so soon. 6. If he were not a talented painter, his picture would not have been taken to the exhibi­tion. 7. If you had listened to my advice then (had fol­lowed my advice then), you would not be in such a difficult situation now. 8. If I were not so busy these days, I should have helped you yesterday. 9. If he were not so near-sighted, he would have recognized me in the theatre yesterday. 10. She is well. If she were ill, her brother would have told me about it yesterday. 11. You would know much if you read this magazine regularly. 12. If I had learnt about it before, I should not be staying at home now. 13. If my parents were rich, they would have bought me a car long ago. 14. She is very talented. I wish her parents bought her a piano. If she begins to play the piano now, she will become an outstanding musician.

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

Упражнение 490

1.Майк умеет очень быстро бегать. 2. Они пони­мают (могут понимать) французский язык. 3. Катя умеет хорошо говорить по-английски. 4. Мой брат может прийти и помочь вам работать в саду. 5. Вы умеете говорить по-испански? 6. Ваш брат может помочь мне с математикой? 7. Его маленькая сестра уже умеет ходить. 8. Дети не могут нести этот ящик: он слишком тяжелый. 9. Мой друг не может прийти вовремя. 10. Эта старушка не может спать ночью. 11. Его сестра умеет очень хорошо готовить. 12. Я умею петь, но не умею танцевать. 13. Вы не можете по­дождать до (завтрашнего) утра? — Я-то могу, да моя зубная боль не может. 14. Можно мне взять ваш ка­рандаш на минутку? 15. Ее бабушка умеет хорошо вязать. 16. Я могу ответить на вопросы. Они очень легкие. 17. Эта поездка для меня слишком дорогая. Я не могу позволить ее себе (Это мне не по карману). 18. Она умеет печатать на машинке. Она умеет пре­красно вести разговор по телефону. Она надеется,что сможет найти работу, которую ищет. 19. Вы могли бы зайти ко мне в следующую пятницу? — Извини­те, не могу.

Упражнение 491

1. Ican speak English. 2. My father cannot speak German. 3. Can you speak French? 4. My sister cannot

246 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

skate. 5. Can you swim across this river? 6. I cannot drink this milk. 7. She cannot understand you. 8. Could you swim last year? 9. Last year I could not ski, but now I can. 10. Can (Could) you tell me how to get to the railway station? 11. Could you help me? 12. I cannot translate this sentence. 13. Nobody could help me. 14. Where can I buy bread here? 15. Could your grand­mother dance when she was young? — Yes, and she can dance now. 16. I can use a computer.

Упражнение 492

1. She won't be able to get to the airport in time. 2. Will you be able to send him e-mail tonight? 3. They won't be able to watch TV for a while because there is something wrong with the television. 4. I'm afraid he won't be able to help me move to my new house next week. 5. Will you be able to do this work tomorrow? 6. I think she won't be able to solve this problem. 7. To­morrow I shall be free and I shall be able to help you. 8. Shall we be able to go to New York next year? 9. Will you be able to repair my tape recorder? 10. Yesterday I could not see the headmaster as he was at a conference, but today after work I shall be able to do it.

Упражнение 493

1. They will never be able to appreciate your kind­ness. 2. I was sure you would be able to (could) trans­late that article after you had translated so many texts on physics. 3. You will be able to go to the country when you have passed your last exam. 4. We can (shall be able to) pass to the next exercise when we have done this one. 5. I shall be able to give you my book for a couple of days after I have read it. 6. He has been able to ski for ten years. 7. We knew that she had been able to swim since childhood. 8. You won't be able to take part in this serious swimming competition until you

Модальные глаголы

have mastered good skills. 9. I had not been able to solve the problem before he explained it to me.

Упражнение 494

1. Можно я позову Колю к нам? 2. Теперь вы мо­жете идти. 3. Если ты сделал домашнее задание, мо­жешь идти гулять. 4. Не ходи в лес один: ты мо­жешь заблудиться. 5. Можно мне пойти на почту с Майком? 6. Можно, я возьму Петину сумку? 7. Не давайте вазу ребенку: он может разбить ее. 8. Можно делать записи карандашом? 9. Нельзя переходить ули­цу по красному сигналу. 10. Можно закрыть дверь? 11. Дождь перестал, и мама сказала, что мы можем выйти на улицу. 12. Можно детям играть с ножница­ми? 13. Они могут совершить путешествие и морем. Это, может быть, и дешевле, но на это потребуется много времени (но это займет много времени). 14. Возможно (Может быть), это и правда. 15. Мож­но мне к вам зайти? 16. Могу я узнать, где вы про­падали?

Упражнение 495

1.May Icome in? 2. May I go for a walk? 3. If your work is ready, you may go home. 4. The teacher said that we might go home. 5. The doctor says that I may bathe already. 6. Father said that we might go to the cinema alone. 7. I thought that I might watch TV. 8. If you don't put on your coat, you may fall ill. 9. Don't leave home: mother may come soon, and she has no key. 10. Be careful: you may fall. 11. Don't touch the dog: it may bite you. 12. We may go to the country on Sun­day. 13. He may forget about it. 14. It may start rain­ing soon. 15. There is nothing to do here. We may leave early today. 16. You said I might borrow your bike. 17. You may leave now if you wish (want). 18. They

248 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

may order tickets by the phone. 19. My elder brother may (might) go to university after school. 20. She may have musical talent.

Упражнение 496 *

1. Smoking is not allowed. 2. He wasn't allowed to smoke in their house. 3, In Britain you will be allowed to drive a car if you are seventeen years old. 4. In the USA you are allowed to go on driving even at the age of 90. 5. I am allowed to use father's tape recorder. 6. The children are already big. They are allowed to go to school alone. 7. He is not allowed to bathe in this river.

8. Yesterday she was allowed to come home at ten o'clock.

9. We are not allowed to talk in class. 10. Were you allowed to take this book? 11.1 think I shall not be allowed to go to the country with you. 12. You will be allowed to go for a walk when you have done your homework. 13. Were you allowed to go to the lake when you were little? 14. When shall I-be allowed to eat ice cream? 15. You are not allowed to talk during the exam.

Упражнение 497

1. may. 2. was allowed to. 3. may. 4. may. 5. might. 6. were allowed to. 7. will be allowed to. 8. might. 9. will be allowed to. 10. may. 11. might. 12. may. 13. may.

Упражнение 498

1. can. 2. may. 3. may. 4. can, can, can. 5. may.

6. may. 7. can. 8. can, may.

Упражнение 499

1. may. 2. may. 3. can, may. 4. can. 5. may. 6. may.

7. can. 8. may. 9. may (can). 10. may. 11. can.

Модальные глаголы

Упражнение 500

1.сап. 2.could. 3. could. 4. can, may. 5. might. 6. may (can). 7. can. 8. can. 9. may. 10.can. 11.may. 12.could. 13. may. 14. can (could). 15.may. 16. could. 17. can. 18. can.

Упражнение 501

1. Вы должны упорно работать над вашим ан­глийским. 2. Вы должны выучить эти слова. 3. Мы должны выучить это стихотворение сегодня? 4. Должно быть, очень трудно учить китайский язык. 5. Вы не должны разговаривать на уроках. 6. Все должны приходить в школу вовремя. 7. Не звоните ему: он, должно быть, очень занят. 8. Вы не должны делать заметки в книгах. 9. Сегодня я должна помогать маме. 10.Не беспокойся (Не вол­нуйся)! Это неважно. — Неважно? Ты, должно быть, шутишь! 11. Он никогда не опаздывает на работу. Он, должно быть, проспал сегодня. 12.Вы не долж­ны (Вам нельзя) спорить с боссом. 13. Она должна прекратить столько есть, и ей надо похудеть. 14. Вы должны прекратить курить! Если вы этого не сде­лаете, то когда-нибудь у вас будут серьезные про­блемы с легкими.

Упражнение 502

1. Imust work hard at my English. 2. You must listen to the teacher attentively at the lesson. 3. You must do your homework every day. 4. You must not forget about your duties. 5. You must be careful in the street. 6. She must be at home now. 7. My friends must be in the park. 8. You must be very hungry. 9. It must be very difficult to solve such problems. 10.I must see my friend today. 11.He must be very tired. 12.They even have a yacht. They must be very rich. 13. Must

250 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

you leave tomorrow morning? 14. You mustn't be late.

15. I mustn't forget about my mother. I haven't writ­ten to her for ages. I must write her a letter tonight.

16. This book is very valuable. You mustn't lose it.

17. Must you go so soon? 18. I must admit (that) I am wrong.

Упражнение 503

1.Вчера мне пришлось сделать очень много до­машних заданий. 2. Ей пришлось остаться дома, по­тому что она себя неважно чувствовала. 3. Пете при­шлось остаться дома, потому что было очень хо­лодно. 4. Майку пришлось писать это упражнение в школе, потому что он не сделал этого дома. 5. Им пришлось вызвать врача, потому что бабушка была больна. 6. Почему тебе пришлось остаться дома вче­ра? — Потому что родителей не было дома, и мне пришлось присматривать за маленькой сестрой. 7. Вчера было воскресенье, поэтому ему незачем было быть на работе, но по дому ему пришлось много по­трудиться. 8. Извините, я не смог прийти вчера. Мне пришлось работать допоздна. 9. Я не написал сочи­нение. Мне придется писать его в воскресенье. 10. Нам не пришлось покупать печенье, потому что наша бабушка испекла прекрасный пирог. 11. Тебе придется завтра рано вставать? 12. Почему тебе завт­ра надо рано вставать? 13. Мне надо было идти в больницу навестить тетю. 14. Что тебе приходилось учить наизусть? -^ В школе я должен был выучить прекрасное стихотворение «Досуг» Вильяма Генри Дейвиса. 15. Мне надо повидать его.

Упражнение 504

1.It was quite clear to everybody in the family that he had to start getting ready for his exam instead of wasting time. 2. It was impossible to do anything in

Модальные глаголы

such a short time. I had to ask the chief to put off my report. 3.1 did not mean that you had to do everything they told you. 4. It was already twenty minutes past eight. You had to go or you would have been late for the first lesson. 5. I was very tired. I felt I had to go to bed at once, or I should have fallen asleep where I was sitting. 6. We could not wait for them any longer, we had to ring them up and find out what had happened. 7. I was thinking hard, trying to find a solution of the problem. There had to be a way out. 8. I doubted if I could finish the work in time, but I had to do it.

Упражнение 505

1. a) You had to listen to the tape recording of this

text several times. b) You will have to listen to the tape recording of this text several times.

2. a) You had to take your exam in English.

b) You will have to take your exam in English.

3. a) She could translate this article without a dic-

tionary, b) She will be able to translate this article with­out a dictionary.

4. a) We could not meet them at the station.

b) We won't be able to meet them at the station.

5. a) The doctor had to examine the child.

b) The doctor will have to examine the child.

6. a) He had to work systematically if he wanted to

know French well, b) He will have to work systematically if he wants to know French well.

7. a) This child had to spend more time in the

open air. b) This child will have to spend more time in the open air.

8. a) I could not recite this poem.

b) I shan't be able to recite this poem.

252 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

9.	a) You had to take part in this work.
	b) You will have to take part in this work.
10.	a) He could not join the party because he was
	busy.
	b) He won't be able to join the party because he
	will be busy.
11.	a) I could settle my own problems.
	b) I shall be able to settle my own problems.
Упражнение 506
1.	I must	go to the shop today. cook dinner. do my homework. go to school. write a letter to my brother.
2.	I shall have to	go to the shop tomorrow. cook dinner. do my homework. go to school. write a letter to my brother.
3.	I had to	go to the shop yesterday.
	■4	cook dinner. do my homework. go to school. write a letter to my brother.

Упражнение 507

1. What must you do today?

2. What will you have to do tomorrow?

3. What did you have to do yesterday?

Упражнение 508

1. can. 2. can, can't. 3. must. 4. may. 5. must (may, can). 6. may. 7. can. 8. must. 9. can. 10. can. 11. may. 12. must. 13. must. 14. My friend Danielle isn't a fa-

Модальные глаголы

mous artist. But she can even paint Russian icons. I can only admire her beautiful pictures. She must be a woman of great talents. She can speak German, French and English. She can translate a lot of articles for the Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She can also teach these languages at school. She is fan­tastic. I am fascinated by everything that she does.

Упражнение 509

1.May Itake your dictionary? 2. At the English lesson you must speak only English. 3. Must we hand in our exercise books today? 4. May I ask you a ques­tion? — Yes, you are welcome (Yes, you may). 5. I can­not go to the cinema with you because I am very busy. 6. May I stay here? — Yes, you are welcome (Yes, you may). 7. He must be in his office now. You can speak to him. 8. May I come in? — You are welcome. (Yes, you may). 9. You must read this text. 10. Can he do this task? 11.1 must speak to my friend today. 12. We must pay this electricity bill by the end of the month. 13. This woman is an excellent driver. She can even drive a bus. 14. May I have a tuna sandwich and a cup of coffee?

Упражнение 510

1. Мне предстояло ждать ее на вокзале. 2. Мы со­бирались пойти в кино в тот день. 3. Нам надо было добраться туда раньше остальных. 4. Он должен был сказать ей, где нас найти. 5. В том году она должна была (ей предстояло) закончить Оксфордский уни­верситет. 6. Она должна была быть в этом платье на выпускном вечере. 7. Он должен прийти сюда в пять часов. 8. Поезд отправлялся в пять утра. 9. Они долж­ны были отправиться в путь в понедельник. 10.Они договорились, что он будет звонить, как только она

254 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

будет вне опасности. 11. Вокруг пруда надо было посадить розы. 12. Позже должно было состояться обсуждение.

Упражнение 511

I. What am I to do if they come too early? 2. The youngest children were to play on the beach. 3. You are to show the place to her. 4. I am to leave tomor­row at the latest. 5. Where am I to be taken? 6. This is Dora. She is to share the room with you. 7. And who is to do the cooking? 8. Two more apartment houses are to be built here. 9. The cup final was to be played that afternoon. 10. Who is to meet you at the station?

Упражнение 512

1. is. 2. am, are, are. 3. are. 4. have. 5. had. 6. shall have. 7. was. 8. are. 9. were, had. 10. is. 11.is. 12. do I have.

Упражнение 513

1. had. 2. was. 3. are. 4. is. 5. was, had. 6. will have. 7. is. 8. had. 9. was. 10. was. 11.are. 12. had. 13. have. 14. had. 15.have.

Упражнение 514

1.You are to learn this poem by Wednesday. 2.1 was to learn this poem by Wednesday. 3. I had to learn this poem by Wednesday. 4. I shall have to learn this poem by Wednesday. 5. He has to learn this poem today as he did not learn it yesterday. 6. You won't have to learn this poem. 7. I did not have to learn this poem. 8. As he learnt this poem yesterday, he does not have to learn it now. 9. This week we are to meet with an outstand-

Модальные глаголы

ing scientist. 10. There was no way out, and he had to pay a fine. 11. I was to write a composition on Push­kin's creative activity, and for this I had to reread some of his works which I remembered badly. 12.1 shall have to stay at home these days. The doctor says I am not to go out till my temperature is normal. 13. Stay here while he is busy. I don't think you will have to wait long. 14. The performance was to begin at seven o'clock. 15. We had to put off the trip as the weather had got worse. 16. If you want to master a language, you have to read a lot. 17. According to the new timetable we are to have five English lessons a week. 18. We decided that the school orchestra was to play in the concert. 19. Sooner or later you will have to see the doctor. 20. Next year we are to begin studying astron­omy. 21. To work out a new theory the scientists had to do numerous experiments.

Упражнение 515

1. Вы не можете прочесть так много книг. 2. Вы можете не читать так много книг. 3. Коля не может пойти в школу сегодня. 4. Коля может не ходить в школу сегодня. 5. Они не могут перевести эту труд­ную статью. 6. Они могут не переводить эту трудную статью. 7. Моя сестра не может написать это письмо: она очень занята. 8. Моя сестра может не писать это письмо: я позвоню им. 9. Она не может купить хлеб. 10. Она может не покупать хлеб. 11. Он не мог остать­ся там на ночь. 12. Он мог и не оставаться там на ночь. 13. Мы не могли сделать всю эту работу. 14. Мы мог­ли и не делать всю эту работу. 15. Она не могла при­готовить такой большой обед. 16. Она могла и не готовить такой большой обед. 17. Они не могли написать сочинение. 18. Они могли и не писать сочи­нение. (Им не нужно было писать сочинение.) 19. Я не

256 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

мог пойти в библиотеку. 20. Я мог и не ходить в библиотеку.

Упражнение 516

1.We need not take the 8 pm (train) to London. 2. She need not have done it herself. 3. You need not worry. 4. You need not be present. 5. Need we go into all that now? 6. Need you have mentioned all these figures? 7. Need you press the skirt? (You need not press the skirt.) 8. You need not have reminded me about her birthday. 9. Need you do it all today? 10. Mother need not have cooked this enormous dinner.

Упражнение 517

1. Need I help you? — No, thank you, I shall do everything myself. 2. You need not go there. 3. He need not worry about her. 4. I need not ask him: he will tell me everything himself. 5. You need not ring me up: I won't forget about my promise. 6. Need she buy such a lot of foodstuffs? 7. She need not go to the library: I shall give her the book. 8. You need not have taken the umbrella: I am sure it won't rain. 9. We have got plenty of time to spare, and we needn't hurry. 10. You needn't do it now. You can do it tomorrow. 11.She needn't help. Everything has been already done. 12. He needn't have sold his pi­ano. 13. You needn't have shouted at the child like that. 14. Now they can't sleep. — They needn't have watched this horror film.

Упражнение 518

1.may, must. 2. must, need. 3. may, need. 4. may (must), may (must). 5. must, need, may. 6. must, need, may. 7. must, may. 8. may. 9. must. 10. must.

Модальные глаголы

Упражнение 519

1.must. 2. can. 3. must, must. 4. can. 5. need. 6. can. 7. may. 8. can. 9. need. 10. can, can. 11.need. 12.can. 13. need. 14. must. 15.can. 16. may. 17. need.

Упражнение 520

I

He must know your sister.

Он, должно быть, знает вашу сестру.

Не must be busy.

Он, должно быть, занят.

Не must be ill.

Он, должно быть, болен.

Не must be tired.

Он, должно быть, устал.

Не must be hungry.

Он, должно быть, голоден.

Не may know your sister.

Он, может быть, знает вашу сестру.

Не may be busy.

Он, может быть, занят.

Не may be ill.

Он, может быть, болен.

Не may be tired.

Он, может быть, устал.

Не may be hungry.

Он, может быть, голоден.

Не might know your sister.

Он, может быть, и знает вашу сестру

(хотя вряд ли).

258 ГРАММАТИКА. КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ

Не might be busy.

Он, может быть, и занят (хотя вряд ли).

Не might be ill.

Он, может быть, и болен (хотя вряд ли).

Не might be tired.

Он, может быть, и устал (хотя вряд ли).

Не might be hungry.

Он, может быть, и голоден (хотя вряд ли).

Не can't know your sister.

He может быть, что он знает вашу сестру.

Не can't be busy.

Не может быть, что он занят.

Не can't be ill.

Не может быть, что он болен.

Не can't be tired.

Не может быть, что он устал.

Не «an't be hungry.

Не может быть, что он голоден.

II Не must be sleeping. Он, должно быть, сейчас спит. Не must be working hard. Он, должно быть, сейчас упорно работает. Не must be watching TV.

Он, должно быть, сейчас смотрит телевизор. Не must be having dinner. Он, должно быть, сейчас обедает. Не must be playing football. Он, должно быть, сейчас играет в футбол.

Не may be sleeping.

Он, может быть, сейчас спит.

Не may be working hard.

Он, может быть, сейчас упорно работает.

Не may be watching TV.

Он, может быть, сейчас смотрит телевизор.

Модальные глаголы

Не may be having dinner.

Он, может быть, сейчас обедает.

Не may be playing football.

Он, может быть, сейчас играет в футбол.

Не might be sleeping.

Он, может быть, и спит (хотя вряд ли).

Не might be working hard.

Он, может быть, и работает упорно (хотя вряд ли).

Не might be watching TV.

Он, может быть, и смотрит телевизор

(хотя едва ли).

Не might be having dinner.

Он, может быть, и обедает (хотя вряд ли).

Не might be playing football.

Он, может быть, и играет в футбол (хотя вряд ли).

Не can't be sleeping.

Не может быть, что он спит.

Не can't be working hard.

He может быть, что он работает упорно.

Не can't be watching TV.

He может быть, что он смотрит телевизор.

Не can't be having dinner.

He может быть, что он обедает.

Не can't be playing football.

He может быть, что он играет в футбол.

III Не must have forgotten your address. Он, должно быть, забыл ваш адрес. Не must have lost your book. Он, должно быть, потерял вашу книгу. Не must have missed the train. Он, должно быть, опоздал на поезд. Не must have caught a cold. Он, должно быть, простудился. Не must have fallen ill.