Ex. 6 Transport and distribution
| 1. | Department stores | a) | without leaving the comfort of their homes. |
| 2. | Retailers sometimes sell goods at a loss | b) | so that ample car parking facilities are available. |
| 3. | Discount stores concentrate on a limited range of products | c) | by restrictions on the parking of cars outside their shops. |
| 4. | Automatic vending machines have the advantage that they | d) | may limit the range of choice to the consumers. |
| 5. | The shopfronts of chain stores are easily recognisable | e) | because the shops close so early. |
| 6. | Mail-order retailing allows people to shop from glossy catalogues | f) | usually offer a wide range of services including restaurants and hairdressing salons. |
| 7. | Bulk purchasing allows the large retailers to keep their prices low but | g) | allows shopkeepers to offer fresh produce to their customers. |
| 8. | Small shopkeepers in large cities may find customers are discouraged | h) | to encourage people to come to their shops and buy other products. |
| 9. | Many visitors to Britain are surprised | i) | by advertising the products through their window displays. |
| 10. | A quick turnover of perishable foods | j) | so as to maximise price. |
| 11. | Shops and stores increase the manufacturers' sales | k) | are available 24 hours a day. |
| 12. | The larger supermarkets and hypermarkets are being built outside the towns | 1) | so that customers know what to expect to find inside, wherever the store is. |
Choose the right answer (Ex. 7 – 11).
Ex. 7
1. Two or more people starting a business together can set up a _____.
a) partnership b) joint venture c) sole proprietor d) local subsidiary
2. In a private limited company the responsibility of each shareholder is limited to the amount they have _____.
a) assembled b) contributed c) delegated d) traded
3. When the company’s financial products division was in trouble, ACT _____ restructuring.
a) introduced b) distributed c) tackled d) embarked on
4. Many _____ take advantage of the Internet to finance and promote their businesses.
a) consumers b) entrepreneurs c) analysts d) regulators
5. The company has brilliant future prospects because the _____ for its products is rising and there are no strong competitors.
a) demand b) supply c) acquisition d) investment
6. The Chairman _____ close relations with the company’s major investors.
a) support b) believes c) maintains d) contains
7. To start up a business, an entrepreneur should work out a business plan, choose an appropriate form for the company and _____ it with the authorities.
a) provide b) define c) registrate d) register
8. A _____ is a form of a business deal when two companies, often in the same industry, come together to form one company.
a) merger b) proprietorship c) takeover d) sole trader
9. Having the strength of personality and the ability to outmanoeuvre others is a fundamental _____ to climb to the top of the corporate ladder.
a) problem b) prerequisite c) distinction d) development
10. Product, price, place and promotion are four factors often referred to as _____.
a) market value b) market niche c) marketing mix d) market research
Ex. 8
1. Shell Oil’s marketing team decided to _____ the Shell brand from the other brands on the market.
a) evaluate b) differentiate c) contribute d) estimate
2. In order to see the _____ of the focus group, members of research team accompanied them on shopping trips.
a) customer service b) financial highlights c) target consumer d) buying habits
3. Questionnaires are carefully designed to _____ the exact needs and demands of consumers.
a) charge b) exceed c) monitor d) manipulate
4. The invoice still hasn’t been paid. It’s now two weeks _____.
a) outdated b) old fashioned c) underpaid d) overdue
5. The workers claim that they are _____ for their work.
a) underpaid b) overcharged c) understaffed d) overworked
6. Direct mail marketing involves sending _____ materials to people directly by mail.
a) publicity b) insurance c) shopping d) advertisement
7. Direct mail marketing is highly successful for selling magazine _____ and financial services.
a) bookings b) orders c) subscriptions d) price lists
8. Letters sent by direct mail should be written in direct and convincing language, intended to _____ to the chosen audience.
a) adapt b) appeal c) impose d) inform
9. A company can advertise in a variety of ways, depending on how much it wishes to spend and the type of audience it wishes to _____.
a) concern b) induce c) restrict d) target
10. Corporate advertising is more concerned with the _____, or picture, a company wants to present to the public.
a) media coverage b) brand image c) advertising campaign d) brand stretching
Ex. 9
1. _____ is a public space reserved for advertisers to put their posters on.
a) TV slot b) endorsement c) publicity d) billboard
2. Many start-up businessmen face a daunting hurdle trying to _____ finance, since banks are often unwilling to lend to someone without a financial record.
a) rise b) raise c) lift d) gain
3. Siemens will announce an agreement to acquire a $ 30 million _____ in Accelerated Networks Inc, a private company based in California.
a) deal b) share c) stake d) cash
4. The company has started _____ to purchase one part of another business.
a) negotiations b) an agreement c) a bid d) an announcement
5. A German company is about to expand into the fast-growing data networking business by forming a new American _____.
a) takeover b) subsidy c) database d) subsidiary
6. A (an) _____ of existing customers has shown that a significant proportion are unhappy with the quality of our after sales service.
a) survey b) investigation c) network d) monitor
7. When customers place an order, we guarantee _____ within three days.
a) solution b) delivery c) distribution d) arrangement
8. _____ is money paid by the government to people in need, for example, the unemployed, poor or sick.
a) infrastructure b) perk c) welfare d) grant
9. Globalisation can cause _____ - large sums of money will move to eastern countries from the West.
a) competition b) fringe benefits c) global offensive d) flight of capital
10. In the process of globalisation there should be some kind of _____ between governments and corporations, and companies shouldn’t dictate their rules to authorities.
a) word-of-mouth b) licensing agreement c) transaction d) give-and-take
Ex. 10
1. The company doesn’t respond properly to customers’ needs: when customers want last-minute changes to clothing, the plant cannot meet customers’ tight _____.
a) consignment b) pricing c) deadlines d) cancellation
2. We were very disappointed when the _____ of spare parts didn’t arrive in time.
a) requirement b) consignment c) loading d) commission
3. To increase customer _____ companies can introduce discount systems to permanent clients.
a) complaints b) admiration c) loyalty d) aware
4. The company decided to take actions against _____ as more and more illegal copies of their products appeared on the market.
a) copyrighters b) merchants c) legal entities d) counterfeiters
5. The more popular the brand is, the more people try to _____ it ____.
a) let … down b) rip … off c) bring … up d) show … around
6. Many passengers of long distance flights suffer from _____.
a) jet lags b) phone rage c) flight attendants d) destinations
7. As passenger misbehaviour is becoming widespread, cabin _____ in some airlines are seeking early retirement at 50 because of their stressful work.
a) crew b) cockpit c) flight-deck d) steward
8. Established customers tend to buy more and they may provide free _____ advertising.
a) sponsorship b) point-of-sale c) word-of-mouth d) endorsement
9. Recently a series of _____ for a new bank has been shown on TV, and I find it quite eye-catching.
a) jingles b) directories c) commercials d) mailshots
10. The soaring costs of TV are _____ clients to consider alternatives such as outdoor advertising.
a) hampering b) prompting c) preventing d) facilitating
Ex. 11
1. He was fired because of his _____ and inability to cope with his responsibilities.
a) astuteness b) absenteeism c) dismissal d) conscientiousness
2. _____ on import are getting less strict, for example customs procedures are simplified, customs tariffs are getting lower.
a) restrictions b) shipments c) deregulations d) subsidies
3. Before breaking into the international market companies should find out what regulations and laws they must _____ with.
a) submit b) quote c) foster d) comply
4. A good negotiator is always ready to exchange _____ as long as it does not contradict his own interests.
a) quotas b) concessions c) pressures d) distinctions
5. Some of the global brands are _____ for local markets to meet local needs.
a) maintained b) imposed c) tailored d) conformed
6. I think she is a _____, she is able to make a successful career.
a) high-flyer b) promoter c) developer d) steady performer
7. The manager is sure that unusual appearance and behaviour of this employee undermine _____ in the department.
a) moralness b) atmosphere c) spirits d) morale
8. He is going to _____ his employer for unfair dismissal.
a) assault b) sue c) disclose d) customize
9. Our company will suffer a _____ if it loses a bid to become the partner in a new venture.
a) setback b) drawback c) feedback d) payback
10. I don’t suppose this project is _____, we don’t have enough expertise and resources to implement it.
a) ingenious b) marketable c) revolutionary d) feasible