Приложение 4. Опрощение морфологической структуры слова
always < OE ealne + weg ‘all the time, every time’; orig. denoting extent of space or distance
away < OE on weg
barn < OE ber(e)n ‘barley’ + ern ‘house’ – a house for barley
breakfast < OE break + fast – stop fasting
bridal < OE brydealu < bryd ‘marriage’ + ealu ‘ale’ – wedding feast
cupboard < ME cuppebord – a board for cups
dairy < ME deierie, dayerie < deie, daye ‘female servant, dairy-woman’, OE dage ‘female kneader of bread’ < dag ‘dough’ + -erie ‘-ery’ < Sc deigja
daisy < OE dages ‘day’ + eage ‘eye’ – day’s eye; so named from its covering the yellow disc in the evening and disclosing it in the morning
elbow < OE el(n) + boga – bending of the arm
England < OE Engla land; orig. country of the Angles, later of the Germanic inhabitants of Great Britain
forehead < OE for + heafod
Friday < OE frige + day – day of the goddess Frig (Sc Frigg), wife of Odin < Lat Veneris dies ‘day of the planet Venus’
gossip < OE god + sibbe – a person related to someone in god
han(d)sel < OE hand + sellan – delivery in the hand, and Sc giving of the hand, esp. in a promise or bargain
husband < OE husbonda < Sc husbondi ‘master of a house’
lady < OE hlafdige – bread kneader
lord < OE hlaford – bread keeper (i.e. one who feeds dependents)
maintain < L manutenere < manu ‘hand’ + tenere ‘hold’ – to hold by the hand
mermaid < OE mermayde – mere ‘sea, lake’ + magden ‘maid’
Monday < OE monandag < monan, gen. of mona ‘moon’ + dag ‘day’
mortify < L mors ‘death’ + facere ‘to make’
necklace < OE hnecca ‘neck’ + OFr laz, las ‘noose’
neighbour < OE neah ‘near’ + gebur ‘farmer’
nightingale < OE nihtegala < niht ‘night’ + galan ‘sing’
perhaps < per haps ‘by chance’ – haps – pl. of hap ‘chance’
Saturday < OE Satern(es)dag < L Saturni dies ‘day of the planet Saturn’
sheriff < OE scirgerefa < scir ‘shire’ + gerefa ‘numberer’ > shire-reeve (reeve – an officer)
typhoon < perh. of Chinese origin ‘a violent whirlwind’ < tai ‘big’ + fung ‘wind’
verdict < L veredictum ‘true saying’ < vere ‘truly’ + dictum ‘a thing said’
welcome < Sk vel + kominn
whether < OE hwather < hwo ‘who’ + ther ‘comparative suffix as in other’
window < Sc vindauga < vindr ‘wind’ + auga ‘eye’ – an eye for wind
world < OE weorold, wor(o)ld < wer ‘man’ (Icel verr, Goth wair) + oeldu ‘age’ – an age of a man, a course of man’s life
Приложение 5.
Продуктивные суффиксы современного английского языка
Исконные
| суффикс | значение | валентность | стилистическая окраска |
| -dom noun-forming | the state of being ─ freedom) the rank of a ─ (dukedom) an area ruled by a ─ (kingdom) collectivity (yuppiedom, officialdom) | adj-stems noun-stems noun-stems noun-stems, adj-stems | neutral neutral neutral informal |
| -en verb-forming | the idea of making into or making like (brighten) | adj-stems | neutral |
| -er noun-forming | the agent of the action (dancer) the object of the action (lander) | verb-stems noun-stems | neutral neutral |
| -ful adj-forming | the idea of presence of some quality (powerful) | noun-stems | neutral |
| -hood noun-forming | state, condition, quality, character (childhood) | noun-stems | neutral |
| -ie/-y noun-forming | the idea of diminutiveness (birdie) | noun-stems | evaluative |
| -ing noun-forming | action, process (learning) | verb-stems | neutral |
| -ish adj-forming | the idea of being similar to the idea of depreciatory meaning (childish, snobbish) | adj-stems noun-stems | neutral evaluative |
| -less adj-forming | the idea of absence of some quality (senseless) | noun-stems | neutral |
| -like adj-forming | the idea of being similar to, characteristic of (businesslike) | noun-stems | neutral |
| -ling noun-forming | the idea of diminutiveness, depreciation (duckling) | noun-stems | evaluative |
| -ly adj-forming adv-forming | the idea of having the manner of, the characteristic of (friendly, cleverly) every (weekly) | noun-stems adj-stems | neutral |
| -ness noun-forming | state, condition, quality, degree (kindness, forgiveness) | adj-stems verb-stems | neutral |
| -ship noun-forming | position, state, condition (friendship) | noun-stems | neutral |
| -ster noun-forming | orig. the female agent (spinster) the idea of a person with often a depreciatory meaning (gangster, youngster) | noun-stems adj-stems | derogatory |
| -wise adv-forming | the way, manner (clockwise, fashionwise) | noun-stems | neutral |
| -y adj-forming | full of, characterized by, having (dirty, sleepy, wintry) | noun-stems | neutral |
Заимствованные