Schools for gifted and talented: view of American scholars
Solovova_Практикум по английскому языку Грамматика и лексика
СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ
Ознакомьтесь с форматом задания. Во время первого прочтения просмотрите текст с пропусками, постарайтесь понять его содержание. Во время второго прочтения прочитайте текст внимательно до пропуска. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста с пропуском используйте следующую логику и последовательность действий:
♦ прочитать текст до пропуска и слово, написанное ЗАГЛАВНЫМИ БУКВАМИ справа и определить, какой частью речи должно являться пропущенное слово;
♦ определить, используется ли данное слово в положительном или отрицательном значении в данном контексте;
♦ образовать нужное слово с использованием нужных суффиксов или префиксов, а воз можно и тех и других одновременно (особенно для слов с отрицательным значением);
♦ если вы не знаете, как образовать слово от указанного опорного слова, вспомните суффиксы и префиксы, которые могут использоваться для образования данной части речи, используйте их, определите, насколько естественно выглядит образованное вами слово;
♦ определите, есть ли у данной формы особенности написания, поскольку правильно выбранная словообразовательная модель не будет засчитана как верный ответ, если в ней есть орфографическая ошибка.
После заполнения всех пропусков
1. Прочитать весь текст с заполненными пропусками. Проверить (мысленно обосновать) однозначность выбранного ответа.
2. Записать окончательный вариант ответа в тексте задания.
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, в левой колонке, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами.
| Tourism in Wales “Snowdonia for Аll” is a project which aims to encourage disadvantaged people to visit Snowdonia and have an enjoyable and relaxing time. The project is the outcome of cooperation between the National Park Consultation Group and various ______________ protection groups. All of these organisations have been involved in the ________ of walking paths across the beautiful northern Welsh countryside. The area has witnessed a lot of ____________ in recent years while at the same time seeking to maintain the essential character and atmosphere of this beautiful park. And in fact it is the Welsh National Assembly rather than the Westminster government that has been made ______________ for drawing together a number of difficult issues. For example local ___________ do want to see a big increase in the number of visitors to the region but at the same time they want to preserve the quiet beauty of the landscape. Also there is the ongoing commitment to provide more jobs, especially those connected to tourism. But achieving solid __________ growth and preserving an ancient landscape is never easy. | ENVIRONMENT PRESERVE DEVELOP RESPONSE POLITICS ECONOMY |
| Stratford-upon-Avon Stratford is famous for Shakespeare. Of this there is no doubt. But in reality there are hundreds of diverse and wonderful things to do and see there. To manage all of them on a day visit would be a ___________ task. The more __________ tourists, who total more than 3.5 million annually, are not content with a quick visit to Anne Hathaway’s cottage. As well as the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, there are The Courtyard, The Other Place, The Waterside and The Swan theatres. Stratford is a _________ location for the dramatic arts in the UK. Sheep Street is ___________ the busiest location in Stratford. Twice in Shakespeare’s life time it burned down (1595 and 1614) but it is the best place to eat in a town with a wealth of superb restaurants. Of course one should visit all the Shakespeare sights. Not least the building where the bard was born — under the excellent _________ care of The Shakespeare’s Birthplace Trust. But there are beautiful bridges, pubs and shops. Stratford has museums for cars, teddy bears and art as well as a brass rubbing centre, butterfly farm and factory shop. In ________ you are spoiled for choice. | FRUIT ADVENTURE SIGNIFY GENERAL MANAGE REAL |
| A New Kind of Transport In the 1700’s, one could travel across England by horse power, by boat (on rivers) or on foot. Try to imagine the shock of seeing the first train! There were no laws or regulations and no concern about ________ issues either. No one, even in their wildest ________, had even dreamed of such a thing. It is difficult now for us to appreciate how shocked they must have been. Richard Trevithick is believed by many to be ________ for the first train. The first journey was on February 21st 1804 and carried only iron and no passengers. But the first ever passenger train in history set off from Swansea to the fishing village of Mumbles on March 25th, 1807. This journey marked the ________ of a new era. The train drew many _________ and some brave passengers. But many ran away as “the iron horse” blasted out steam and the whistle screamed. Before the end of the 1820’s — the first intercity service was taking passengers from Liverpool to Manchester. The transformation of the United Kingdom had begun. Journeys that previously took days by coach and horses were completed in hours. People who throughout their _______ never travelled more than 20 miles from their birth place, finally began to see the country of their birth. | ENVIRONMENT IMAGINE RESPONSE ESTABLISH VISIT LIVE |
| First Fast Food Social historians argue about the birth of the modern fast food restaurant. There are certainly different definitions of “fast food” which makes it ________ to be absolutely sure. Although it is ________ to be definite, many historians go for Joseph Horn and Frank Hobart whose first outlet opened in Philadelphia in 1902. But when they opened in New York, July 7th 1912 — their shop “Automat” caused an _______ sensation. They sold precooked food through small window opened by coin-operated slots. Later on the two _______ brothers opened a barbecue drive-in in San Berdino, California. It was a wonderful location and very popular but they discovered all their profits came from burgers, fries, coffees, shakes and coco cola. So they closed for three months and opened again selling only these goods from a counter, served in paper packaging. Burgers at 15 cents each were hardly ________. Although some scholars may these brothers were probably the most important in fast food history. Their names were Richard and Maurice McDonald. | TRICK POSSIBLE PREDICT RESOURCE EXPENSE AGREE |
| Famous British Painters A survey to establish the most famous British _________ of all time resulted in Constable, Turner and Gainsborough being placed in the top 3. But let’s face it: the UK never reached the global premier league of artists. These don’t really have the renown of Da Vinci, Van Gogh, Renoir or Picasso! To be honest I am not that impressed by British painting up until the end of the 19th Century (20th Century and contemporary British art is another story). But with one ______ exception: J.M.W. Turner. He used a chromatic or coloured palette. This means for example his “greys” would be coloured with _______ shades of olive, khaki or moss. One could say there is an orchestration of colours within colour. Turner loved to paint storms, fires and catastrophes. He admitted to a fascination with natural phenomena — sunlight, storm, rain and fog. He was especially drawn to the _______ power of the sea. One famous story (for which ________ the evidence is insufficient) is that he would go to sea in a storm, tie himself to the mast and paint away as the wind and spray tossed him around. The paint on his latest work is so thin that you can see through it. It creates a shimmering, atmospheric effect in which it is hard to separate the objects painted from their _______. Some have argued that Turner (1775-1851) was the grandfather of the Impressionist school. | ART NOTE SMOKE VIOLENCE SAD SURROUND |
| Religion in the UK The 2001 Census counted 170 distinct religions practiced in the UK. The results reflected the complex and multicultural makeup of modern Britain. But how ______ the results are is unclear. Less than half recorded they believe in a God, yet about 72% told that they were Christian, and 66% that they had no actual ________ to any religion or church. The figures of course make no sense. Between 1979 and 2005, half of all Christians in the UK stopped going to church on a Sunday. Religion in Britain has suffered an immense decline since the 1950s, and all ______ show that the trend will continue. ___________, sociologists state that if they count heads and ask about beliefs, more people say they belong to a religion, and say they have the beliefs of a particular religion, than actually do. People tend to over-state their own religiosity; that's why statistics from polls will often give higher percentages of 'believers' than will head-counting and theoretically deeper _________. The ___________ British sense of humour emerged in the results when, after an internet campaign, 390000 recorded their religion as “Jedi Knight”. Perhaps predictably some are arguing that the numbers prove this is now an official UK religion. | BELIEVE CONNECT INDICATE REMARKABLE INVESTIGATE DISTINCT |
| New Tourism in France France is one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations. To most people perhaps, the _______ of France lies in her art and culture. But for the more _________ tourists there is a different side to France that will reward all who make the journey. Surprisingly enough, old factories and plants have become ________ to French tourism. In France, every year, no fewer than 1400 companies, heritage museums or industrial sites draw 20 million visitors. It is ________ the giants of the food and agricultural industry together with the traditional crafts that have the most appeal. With attractions such as the 17th century Strasbourg breweries and the Millau Viaduct (the highest road bridge in the world) ________ tourism has become a flourishing sector. Whether it is sugared almonds or cast iron dishes, Reblochon cheese, beer making or sparkling French crystal — many people are fascinated by the _________ of how things are made. | GREAT ADVENTURE IMPORTANCE GENERAL INDUSTRY REAL |
| Moscow State University One of the oldest Russian institutions of higher education, Moscow University was established in 1755. In 1940 it was named after Academician Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765), an outstanding Russian ________ , who greatly contributed to the establishment of the university in Moscow. From the very beginning elitism was alien to the very spirit of the University community. The Decree Elizaveta Petrovna signed stated that the university was to educate commoners; it was the academic _________ of a student that mattered, not his social position or family background. In the late part of XVIII century there were only three noblemen among the 26 professors at Moscow University, most of the students were commoners too. The best students were sent to continue their education abroad, establishing the contacts with the international ________ community. Originally tuition at Moscow University was free for all students. Later only poor students were exempt from tuition fees. The state funding did not cover all the University expenses; thus the administration had to find ways to raise _______. funds. The University was partly funded by its patrons, such as the rich merchants of the Demidov and Stroganov families and some others, who donated laboratory ________, books, various collections and established scholarships for University students. University alumni supported their alma mater through hard times raising money by public _______. University professors traditionally bequeathed to the University library their private book collections. | SCIENCE ACHIEVE SCIENCE ADD EQUIP SUBSCRIBE |
| London, New York and Moscow London, New York and Moscow are my favourite cities in the world. I am lucky enough to have spent a amount of time living and working in each. Having to choose one would be _______ . I love these cities and it would be like asking to say which your favourite child is. But that is not to say they are _______ .They have different characters, moods and of course different qualities. I am English, generations of my family were born in London and unquestionably the longest period of my working life was in this City. It is full of history, fabulous __________ and beautiful parks. But London, in terms of sheer energy, bustle and buzz cannot ________ come close to New York. Just walking the streets is exciting. If you could smell and taste optimism this would be the place to breathe it all in. But over the last 10 or 15 years Moscow has won my heart. These have been years of constant change and reinvention. Moscow has also, arguably, become the new _________ capital of the planet. But if I am honest it is not the wide streets, or the admittedly _______ architecture that most excites me. It is the people. Moscow seems to be really welcoming to most foreigners. I for one feel completely at home in the city. | POSSIBLE DISTINGUISH BUILD REALIST CULTURE IMPRESS |
| Henry VIII King Henry VIII is probably the most famous monarch in British history. He was ________not just an overweight tyrant. As a young man he was educated in the classics, fluently spoke several languages and studied philosophy. These aspects somehow became _________ in the recounting of his history. Everyone spoke only about his tyranny. But as a young man he travelled throughout his _________. He was an able athlete, he hunted and danced. He also wrote prose and poetry, but his real passion was music. Not many people realise that he actually wrote some _______ pieces of music. He collected many different types of flute and whistles, trumpets, trombones and even bagpipes. He wasn’t so much interested in rare and ________ musical instruments as he was in orchestration. Although some scholars may ________, others believe Henry VIII to be the father of the modern orchestra. | CERTAIN VISIBLE KING WONDER EXPENSE AGREE |
СОВЕТЫ ПО ЭФФЕКТИВНОМУ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЯ
Ознакомьтесь с форматом задания. Во время первого прочтения просмотрите текст с пропусками, постарайтесь понять его содержание. Во время второго прочтения
1. Читайте текст до пропуска. При работе с каждым фрагментом текста с пропуском использyйте следующую логику:
♦ читайте внимательно весь фрагмент, но особое внимание уделяйте предложению с пропущенным словом;
♦ внимательно изучите все предложенные варианты ответа, выберете наиболее подходящий с учетом значения и норм лексической сочетаемости пропущенного слова. ОСОБОЕ ВНИМАНИЕ уделите синонимам (у них могут быть разные оттенки значения, они могут иметь различия в управлении и сочетаемости с другими словами), а также созвучным словам или словам со сходным написанием (у них могут быть разные значения).
♦ прочитайте предложение с пропуском еще раз, чтобы убедиться, что выбранное слово является наиболее корректным для заполнения пропуска. ОБОСНУЙТЕ СВОЙ ВЫБОР, оп ределив, почему другие варианты неверны в данном случае. Если задание выполняется не на экзамене, проверьте правильность сделанного выбора по словарю.
2. Обведите/запишите окончательный вариант ответа в тексте задания.
The Tower of London
‘Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress’, ‘The Tower’ and ‘The White Tower’ are all names for the building most commonly known as The Tower of London. Construction began in 1078, but work (A) on and off, over a period of two hundred years or more.
The Tower was essentially a fortress whose functions eventually extended to that of royal palace, prison, armoury, zoo, Royal Mint and observatory. Since 1303 it has also been used (B) storing the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. Today, however, The Tower is cared for by an independent charity and receives no funding from the government or the crown.
The Tower is probably best known for the famous prisoners who were (C), and sometimes executed, there. In 1483 the 13-year-old King Edward 5th and his 10-year-old brother Richard were murdered there; apparently on the orders of their uncle, the Duke of Gloucester. (D) the most famous victim of The Tower was Anne Boleyn, the unfortunate second wife of Henry 8th. But Guy Fawkes, Thomas Moore, Sir Walter Raleigh and even the future Queen Elizabeth 1st were all imprisoned behind those fearsome walls.
Most people know the (E) legend that if the ravens ever leave The Tower then the British Monarchy will be doomed. Possibly less people know however that the Tower was also one of the (F) zoos. Lions, tigers and large (G) of rare and exotic species lived in the Tower gardens over 800 years ago.
A. 1) lengthened 2) continued 3) prolonged 4) increased
B. 1) as 2) with 3) for 4) to
C. 1) captured 2) maintained 3) found 4) held
D. 1) Thus 2) Consequently 3) Probably 4) Although
E. 1) ancient 2) prehistoric 3) antique 4) aged
F. 1) newest 2) youngest 3) earliest 4) soonest
G. 1) figures 2) groups 3) herds 4) numbers
Schools for gifted and talented: view of American scholars
Gifted programs often provoke controversy because there is no standard definition of what a gifted student is. There are six (A) of ability often evaluated in order to determine (B) a child is gifted: general intellectual ability, specific academic aptitude, creative thinking, leadership ability, visual and performing arts, and psychomotor ability. They are (C) by combinations of standardized tests, plus peer and teacher evaluations. On the one hand schools for gifted and talented may (D) the emotional stress of isolation and peer rejection often experienced by gifted students in a traditional school. On the other hand — social development of a child may be impeded as a result of isolation from the general population. We can’t deny the fact that gifted programs offer personalized instruction and enriched curriculum suited to the needs of students gifted in this or that area. Such programs allow students to learn at a highly (E) rate according to their ability. School administrators in such schools hire gifted teaching staff and select teachers who can be a source of instructional innovation. Such schools normally have smaller classes and in general these schools for the gifted are few. Access (F) them may be physically difficult because of their location. Besides, they may be not available for families with limited income as they may be expensive. If such schools are publicly funded, they may be opposed as elitist and |(G) of misusing money that might go to traditional schools.
A. 1) districts 2) regions 3) parts 4) areas
B. 1) whether 2) wherever 3) whenever 4) whereas
C. 1) calculated 2) quantified 3) determined 4) measured
D. 1) treat 2) relieve 3) simplify 4) improve
E. 1) hasty 2) prompt 3) accelerated 4) hurried
F 1) to 2) for 3) at 4) in
G. 1) blamed 2) charged 3) accused 4) claimed