The compound verbal predicate of double orientation
Глагол в синтетической или аналитической форме
John runs quickly.
When did life begin on earth?
Don’t come too late.
Глагольная фраза (фразеологический эквивалент глагола, выражающий 1 действие)
А) фразы, обозначающие одно действие: to have a look, to have a smoke, to have a talk, to give a look, to give a laugh, to give a cry, to take a look, to make a move, to make a remark, to pay a visit, etc.
The man gave a violent start.
Did you have a sleep?
It’s time we were making a move.
Б) фразы, выражающие разные виды действия: to change one's mind, to get rid (of), to get hold (of), to lose sight (of), to make fun (of), to make up one's mind, to make use (of), to take care (of), to take leave (of), to take part (in), etc.
I have never taken much interest in German songs.
Are you taking part in the concert?
The simple nominal predicate(простое именное сказуемое)
Выражено существительным, прилагательным или глаголом. Не содержит глагола-связки.
Существительное
My son a clergyman!
She, a nun!
Me, a liar!
Прилагательное
My ideas obsolete!
Ronnie, good-looking!
You sad!
Инфинитив или инфинитивная фраза
Hercule Poirot to sleep while murder is committed!
My boy insult a gentleman at my table!
Причастие 1 или причастная фраза
She spying!
Me trying to be funny!
The compound verbal predicate(составное глагольное сказуемое)
The compound verbal phrasal predicate
Выражено инфинитивом или герундием. Состоит из фразового глагола и инфинитива\герундия. Фразовый глагол может быть:
1. Начала:to begin, to start, to commence, to set about, to take to, to fall to, to come.
Andrew and he began to talk about the famous clinic.
Jack started training out at Hogan’s health farm.
So I took to going to the farm.
He fell to poking the fire with all his might.
I come to think that you are right.
2. Продолжительности:to go on, to keep, to proceed, to continue.
The talk kept running on the possibility of a storm.
As we continued to laugh his surprise gave way to annoyance.
3. Повторения: would, used (выражающие повторяющееся действие в прошлом)
Alfredo used to talk to me about it.
During her small leisure hours she would sit by the window or walk in the fields.
4. Прекращения: to stop, to finish, to cease, to give up, to leave off.
The band had ceased playing.
Give up smoking.
The compound verbal modal predicate
Состоит из модальной части и инфинитива\герундия. Модальная часть может быть выражена:
Модальным глаголом.
You must forget it.
He can’t say a word, he can’t even apologize.
I had to bite my lip to prevent myself from laughing.
Ought he not to treat her generously?
May I ask you a question?
2. Модальное выражение именной природы: to be able, to be allowed, to be willing, to be going, to be anxious, etc
You are going to attend the college at Harvard, they tell me.
Are you able to walk another two miles?
We were anxious to cooperate.
He may have to return.
She must be willing to come here again.
3. Относительные(определительные) глаголы: to like, to hate, to attempt, to expect, to hope, to intend, to mean, to plan, to try, to have a mind, to wish, to want, следующие за инфинитивом, определяющим отношение лица, выраженного подлежащим, к действию, выраженному инфинитивом. (compound verbal attitudinal predicate)
He hoped to see them the next day.
I mean to find out the truth.
The compound verbal predicate of double orientation
1. Непереходные глаголы казаться или случаться с общим значением оценки в активном залоге: to seem, to appear, to prove, to turn out, to happen, to chance.
He seemed to understand everything I said.
Money just doesn’t happen to interest me.
No one appears to have noticed his escape.
2. Некоторые глаголы в пассивном залоге:
А)говорения: to say, to declare, to state, to report, to rumour.
This country is said to be rich in oil.
The rocket is reported to have started its night at 6.30.
Б)умственной активности:to believe, to consider, to expect, to find, to know, to mean, to presume, to regard, to suppose, to think,
to understand
Mr. Sharp was always expected to say he preferred cold meat.
He has never been known to lose his temper before.
В)восприятия:to feel, to hear, to see, to watch.
My dog was heard to bark in the yard.
The lady was seen to leave the house.
3. Фразы с некоторым модальным значением:to be (un) likely, to be sure, to be certain.
The weather is not likely to change.
This event is certain to produce a sensation.
If you don’t post the letter at once, it is unlikely to arrive in time.
George is sure to see Mary. (sure показывает отношение говорящего, который больше уверен, чем Джордж)