Text A Concept of Style, School, Movement

Unit I Style, School, Movement

I. Vocabulary

Exercise 1. Read and memorize the following words

and word combinations:

1.artwork	витвір мистецтва / произведение искусства
2. manner	спосіб, метод / способ, метод
3. subject matter	тема / тема
4. to employ	використовувати / использовать
5. to determine	визначати / определять
6. to handle	мати справу з / обращаться
7. to take into account	приймати до уваги / принимать во внимание
8. driving force	рушійна сила / движущая сила
9. movement	рух / движение
10. to share	розподіляти, виділяти / разделять, выделять
11. timeframe Syn. timeline	період часу / период времени
12. approach	підхід, метод / подход, метод
13. to adhere	дотримуватися / придерживаться
14. to have in common (ant. to have little in common)	мати спільне / иметь что-то общее
15.inner	внутрішній / внутренний
16. toembrace	охоплювати / охватывать
17. inspired	натхненний / вдохновленный
18. to resurrect	відроджувати / возрождать
19. painterly	мальовничий / живописный
20. draughtsmanship	креслення / черчение
21. apprentice	підмайстер, учень / подмастерье, ученик
22. to flourish	досягати успіхів / преуспеть
23. to emulate Syn. to copy	копіювати / копировать
24. beneficial	вигідний / выгодный
25. in order to	для того, щоб / для того, чтобы
26. to get one's feet wet	починати / начинать
27. to progress Syn. to develop	розвивати / развивать
28. skill	майстерність, вміння, навик / мастерство, умение, навык
29. to portray	зображувати/ изображать
30. trade	ремесло/ ремесло

Exercise 2. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

Style, vision, characteristics, form, color, composition, method, technique, aspect, philosophy, elements, ideals, technical, principles,concept, period, context,position, group, location, system, personal, types, unique, materials.

Exercise 3. Find in the text A synonyms to the following words:

To use, method, timeline, artist, location, to copy, to progress, to paint, for example.

Exercise 4. Find in the text derivatives containing suffixes 1. -tion/sion; -ment; -ness 2. -al, -ive, -ic; -ant; and 3. -ly of the following words, say to what part of speech they belong and translate them:

1. rich; to compose; to move; to compare; to preoccupy; to express.

2. addition; style; technique; collection; history; origin; specification; person; predominance.

3. basic; real; typical; endless.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to different meanings of the underlined word.

Term (terms) –1) срок, певний період; 2). семестр; 3).термін; 4).умови.

1. You will come across the terms style, school, and movement endlessly in art history.

2. Contemporary artists who are inspired by the Impressionists are not really part of the original "Impressionist movement" as it exists in historical terms.

3. The concept of art movements is simply a historical convenience for grouping together artists of a certain term or style.

4. Students have three terms at Oxford.

II Reading

Exercise 6. Read and translate:

Text A Concept of Style, School, Movement

You will come across the terms style, school, and movement endlessly in art history. But just is there any difference between them?

Art styles describe the way the artwork looks. Style is basically the manner in which the artist portrays his or her subject matter and how the artist expresses his or her vision. Style is determined by the characteristics that describe the artwork, such as the way the artist employs form, color, and composition. Another important factor in determining the style of an artwork is to examine the way the artist handles the medium, taking into account the method or technique that the artist uses. An additional aspect of art styles is the philosophy or driving force behind the artwork. All of these stylistic elements are defined by the choices artists make as they compose their artwork.

Artworks that have certain features in common are considered to have the same style. Sometimes this means that they are part of the same movement, but not always. Art movements are the collective titles that are given to artworks which share the same artistic ideals, style, technical approach or timeframe. The artists associated with one movement may adhere to strict guiding principles, whereas those who belong to another may have little in common.The concept of art movements is simply a historical convenience for grouping together artists of a certain term (period) or style so that they may be understood within a specific context.For instance, there are painters today who still paint in an Impressionistic manner, embracing the concepts that first defined Impressionism in the 19th century. However, because they are contemporary artists who are inspired by the Impressionists, they are not really part of the original "Impressionist movement" as it exists in historical terms. Although art styles can be resurrected from the past, the movement itself is still anchored in its original position on the art history timeline.

A school is a group of artists who follow the same style, share the same teachers, or have the same aims. They are typically linked to a single location. For example, duringthe 16th century the Venetian school of painting could be differentiated from other schools in Europe. The work of Venetian artists ( Titian) is characterised by a painterly approach and the richness of the colours used. In comparison the Florentine school ( Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael) was characterised by a strong preoccupation with line and draughtsmanship. Schools of art from the middle-ages until the 18th century are typically named for the place or city around which they are based. The apprentice system, through which new artists learned the trade, ensured that styles of art were continued from master to apprentice.

Within all this, each artist has his or her own personal art style, which is developed throughout his or her lifetime. An artist's style can change and adapt as the artist grows as both an artist and as a person. Beginning artists often emulate (copy) the styles of artists that they admire. At first this can be beneficial in order to get one's feet wet and will help to develop an understanding of how to create different types of art. However, it is very important that beginning artists focus on developing their own style, and find their own unique way of expression. An artist's personal style usually progresses as the artist gains more confidence through experience, expands their database of knowledge, and acquires more skill with the materials. Artists can work in many different styles. In the past, artists were usually expected to create art in whatever predominant fashion was popular at the time. Now, artists have much more freedom to work as they choose. To really flourish as an artist, you need to focus on a style or two that you feel really allows you to express your inner vision.

III. Grammar